PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics
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POLA URUTAN FUNGSI KETERANGAN BERDASARKAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KONSTITUEN LAIN DALAM KALIMAT TUNGGAL DEKLARATIF BAHASA INDONESIA
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola urutan beberapa fungsi K yang terdapat dalam kalimat tunggal deklaratif bahasa Indonesia, merinci dan mengklasifikasikan peran semantis K dalam kalimat tunggal deklaratif bahasa Indonesia, mengetahui pola kombinasi K dalam kalimat tunggal deklaratif bahasa Indonesia, menjelaskan ada tidaknya perubahan informasi jika dimodivikasi pola urutannya, menjelaskan kedekatan preposisi sebagai penanda K dengan konstituen P dalam kalimat, jika ada beberapa preposisi penegas, bagaimana keajegan atau ketegaran urutannya untuk memperoleh informasi yang dimaksud inti klausa.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah sumber tertulis dan sumber lisan. Sumber tertulis berasal dari media cetak koran-koran nasional, sedangkan sumber lisan adalah peneliti sendiri terkait dengan intuisi kebahasaan peneliti. Adapun data penelitian ini adalah kalimat tunggal deklaratif bahasa Indonesia ragam tulis yang mempunyai beberapa fungsi K yang mengikuti P. Analisis data menggunakan metode pada dan metode distribusi dengan teknik permutasi, teknik lesap, teknik ganti, teknik perluas, dan teknik perluas. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Terdapat 10 jenis pengisi fungsi Keterangan yang terdapat dalam kalimat tunggal deklaratif, 2) terdapat 9 tipe kombinasi 2 fungsi keterangan dan 34 tipe kombinasi 3 fungsi keterangan. 3) modivikasi pola urutan fungsi keterangan dapat menyebabkan informasi dalam kalimat menjadi ambigu, informasi yang terputus ataupun tidak jelas. 4) terdapat preposisi penegas sebagai penanda K seperti preposisi di yang menunjukkan lokatif
PENGGUNAAN ALIH KODE DALAM PERCAKAPAN PADA JARINGAN WHATSAPP OLEH MAHASISWA KNB YANG BERKULIAH DI UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
Get PDFThe aims of this research are (1) to find the types of code switching that used in what’sapp conversation by KNB students of Sebelas Maret University (2) to describe the factors of code switching by KNB students of Sebelas Maret University (3) to describe the functions of code switching by KNB students of Sebelas Maret University. This research is adescriptive qualitative research employing etnography method (analizing of domain, taxonomy, and componential) in order tofix the pattern of the culture theme. The source of data taken from the code switching conversations of KNB Students. The data are conversations of KNB students in Sebelas Maret University that joined in Sibling What’sApp Group from August until November 2016 and contain of code switching. The collecting data is conversation transcription in Sibling What’sApp group that relates with switching code.The research results were (1) the types of switching code that used by KNB students wereintersentencial switching, intrasentencial switching, and tag switching. The result of analizing research that refers to Spreadly theory or etnography theory showed that intrasentential was the dominan switching code that appear on KNB students conversation about 43% (2) the factors that caused KNB students switching the code of on their conversation were speaker, addresse speaker, topic, situation, humor, ability, technology, familiarity, and relation whereas (3) the functions of switching codes on the KNB students conversations were to familiar between the speaker and address speaker, to respect the local culture they stayed, to make easy the communication, words of technology, to rich language ability, to remind something to address speaker, to respond the questions, to begin, middle and to end the conversations, to emphasize the speaker meaning, invitation, to change formal situation to informal, perception, to express the speaker feeling, to quote the other person conversation, humor, to address specification, to ask a help, to explain the speaker meaning, and to change a topic.The result of this research showed that switching code on KNB students conversation that join on Sibling What’s App group had three types and it had the factors that can influence switching code and for each KNB students conversation had the function. Intrasentencial code is the dominan switching code because KNB students often use the switching code in words or phrase form. Keywords: KNB students, code switching, intersentential switching, intrasentential switching, tag.
TERJEMAHAN TURN YANG MENGAKOMODASI FLOUTING MAKSIM PRINSIP KERJASAMA DALAM NOVEL THE CAIRO AFFAIR KARYA OLEN STEINHAUER (Kajian Terjemahan Menggunakan Pendekatan Pragmatik)
No full textLatar Belakang: Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis terjemahan turn yang mengakomodasi terjadinya flouting maksim prinsip kerjasama (PK) dalam novel The Cairo Affair (TCA). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik penerjemahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi jenis flouting maksim PK yang terjadi dalam ujaran teks sumber maupun teks sasaran dan menjelaskan makna implikatur pada novel TCA; (2) mendeskripsikan teknik penerjemahan dari turn yang mengakomodasi flouting maksim PK; dan (3) mengetahui hubungan dari teknik penerjemahan terhadap kualitas terjemahan, yang meliputi keakuratan dan keberterimaanMetodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif induktif. Sumber data penelitian ini berasal dari novel TCA; dan informan untuk menilai kualitas terjemahan. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pengkajian dokumen, kuisioner dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD).Result: Jenis flouting maksim PK dibagi menjadi dua menurut jumlahnya, yaitu tunggal dan ganda, dan mayoritas didominasi oleh flouting maksim tunggal, yaitu flouting maksim relasi pada domain –P –D. Terdapat 12 teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan penerjemah untuk menerjemahkan turn yang mengakomodasi flouting maksim PK, yaitu teknik kesepdanan lazim, variasi, peminjaman (murni dan naturalisasi), amplifikai (penambahan dan eksplisitasi), reduksi, kalke, harfiah, transposisi, modulasi, kreasi diskursif, generalisasi, dan adaptasi. Kualitas terjemahan dinilai dari dua aspek yaitu keakuratan dan keberterimaan. Dari temuan teknik tersebut dapat dihasilkan terjemahan turn yang akurat dan berterima. Keberterimaan dalam penelitian ini selain dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan kata, dipengaruhi juga oleh domain hubungan antara peserta tutur. Tingkat keberterimaan yang kurang di karenakan penerapan teknik variasi pada domain +P +D. Pemilihan kata yang tidak tepat juga berpengaruh besar terhadap keberterimaan pada domain +P –D. Data pada domain +P –D menunjukkan bahwa penutur yang memiliki kedudukan lebih tinggi dari mitra tuturnya, seharusnya memakai bahasa yang informal bukan formal.Kesimpulan: Teknik kesepadanan lazim memiliki dampak yang positif terhadap kualitas terjemahan dilihat dari aspek keakuratan pesan dan keberterimaan. Sedangkan, teknik harfiah dan kreasi diskursif menghasilkan kualitas terjemahan yang kurang akurat dan kurang berterima. Teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan tidak menimbulkan pergeseran daya pragmatis dalam terjemahannya, namun memiliki pengaruh terhadap kekauratan pesannya. Kata kunci: flouting maksim PK, hubungan antara peserta tutur, teknik penerjemahan, kualitas terjemahan. Abstract Background: This research discusses a turn translation analysis which accommodates a flouting maxim of cooperative principle (CP) in The Cairo Affair novel (TCA). This research applies pragmatics translational approach. The aims of this research are: (1) to identify the types of flouting maxims CP that occur in source text or target text and to explain the implicature meaning in TCA novel; (2) to describe the translation techniques used in translating turns which accommodate flouting maxim of CP; and (3) to find out the relationship of translation techniques towards the translation quality, which includes accuracy and acceptability.Methodology: This is inductive descriptive- qualitative research. The data sources of this research are taken from TCA novel and informants for assessing the translation quality. The data were collected by a document analysis, questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD).Result: The types of flouting maxim of CP are divided into two according to the number of maxim flouted, single flouted and double flouted, and are dominated by a single flouted maxim, such as flouting maxim of relation in –P –D domain. There are 12 translation techniques used in translating turns, namely, established equivalent techniques, variation, borrowing (pure and naturalized), amplification (addition and explicitation), reduction, calque, literal, transposition, modulation, and adaptation. The translation quality is assessed in two aspects such as accuracy and acceptability. The translation techniques produce accurate and acceptable turn translation. The acceptability is also influenced by domain participant’s relationship. Less acceptable quality of translation is caused by the use of variation techniques in +P +D domain. Incorrect word selection influences the acceptability too in +P –D domain. The data shows that the speaker has a superior status than the listener, but the speaker prefers to use formal language rather than informal way. Conclussion: It can be concluded that established equivalent techniques has a positive impact to translation quality according to the accuracy of message and the acceptability. Meanwhile, literal and discursive creation techniques produce less accurate and less accebtable translation quality. The translation techniques used are not cause a pragmatic force shift on its translation, but it influence the message accuracy. Keywords: flouting maxim of CP, participant’s relationship, translation techniques, translation qualit
THE POLITENESS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT ON TV ONE (PRAGMATIC APPROACH)
Get PDFThis study aims to find out the types of directive speech act and politeness strategies used in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TVOne. The method used in this article is descriptive method which describe the data systematically, factually, and accurately. The uninvolved conversation observation technique was used in collecting data in which this means that the present writer does not involve in the dialogues. Meanwhile, for data analysis technique, the present writer used pragmatic competence-in-dividing. The main theory of this article is the pragmatic theory of Searle’s Speech Act and Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategy. The results indicate that the types of directive speech act of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat program are to please, to request, to ask, to order, to invite, to forbid, to convince, to obligate, to show, to hope, to want, to warn, to advise, and to request. In addition, the politeness strategies are bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record. The politeness of directive speech acts supports the effectiveness of talk show because of some factors such as types of directive speech act and politeness strategy. Keywords: pragmatics, directive speech act, politeness strategy, talk sho
PILIHAN KODE BAGI SISWA DI PESANTREN ULIL ALBAB (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)
Get PDFThis research aims to find and describe the selection of code in to three domains as well as the types of code choice in accordance with the context in the environment of Ulil Albab boarding schools. The data provision in this study is linguistic data from visual or audio visual recording by using taping and gathering method. The data is primary and secondary. Primary data is the result of visual or audio visual recording of the communicating interaction event and the secondary data is the result of previous research review.In analysis, the data are utterances that contain three kind of code switching i.e metaphorical, conversational, and situational. Thereby, the three data of speech in kind of code switching are the sign for the presence of code selection. The object of this study is interacting event that contains the form of code choice.As the results of this research are the most usage selection of code founded in the realm of friendship, the types selection of code most used in all domains was conversational. From these three domains, each of them was using language variation and contexs the dominance usage of language was Sasak. So, it can be concluded that in interaction process, the usage of code switching in each domain was appropriated with language variation by speaker, in order that the interaction gone well
INTERFERENSI BAHASA MELAYU TERHADAP BAHASA INDONESIA PADA TKI DI DUSUN GETAP KECAMATAN SURALAGA
Get PDFIssues to be examined in this study is the cause of interference Malaysia language to Indonesian language performed by TKI Malaysia in subdistrict Suralaga and how is the form of interference against Indonesian Malay them. Malaysia migrant workers who had returned to his hometown Malaysia tends to insert language into the Indonesian language usage when they are invited to do a conversation Indonesian. Based on these problems, the objectives of this research was to determine the causes and forms of language interference undertaken by TKI Malaysia in subdistrict Suralaga. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. While data collection techniques done by tapping and interview techniques. Data were recorded and then transcribed in writing and analyzed using the model of Miles and Huberman. Based on the analysis that has been done, it can be drawn the conclusion that the cause of the interference on TKI Malaysia language is social, the habit of using the Malay language when communicating, and the length of a migrant worker. While the forms of language interference that occurs is the interference of phonology, morphology, and synta
ANALISIS TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN DAN KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN KALIMAT YANG MENGANDUNG UNGKAPAN SATIRE DALAM NOVEL THE 100-YEAR-OLD MAN WHO CLIMBED OUT OF THE WINDOW AND DISSAPEARED
Get PDFSatire is a part of language style, a figure of speech used to mock, critize, or ridicule. The language style exists in a novel by Jonas Jonasson, The 100-Year-Old Man who Climbed Out of the Window and Dissapeared. The aims of this research are to find out the complexity of sentences containing satirical expression, types of satirical expression, rhetorical devices in satirical expression, techniques of translation, and the impact of translation techniques to the quality of translation of sentences containing satirical expression in the novel.This research is a translation study with descriptive qualitative method and single embedded case. The data of research are all sentences containing satirical expression and their translation. This research applies document analysis, questioner, and focus group discussion as the data collecting method. This research also applies Spradley’s ethnographic method as the data analysis technique.The construction of sentences containing satirical expression in this research consist of complex sentences (65 cases or 36,72 %), simple sentences (41 cases or 23,16 %), compound sentenses (35 cases or 19,77 %), compound-complex sentences (32 cases or 18,08 %), and minor sentences (4 cases or 2,26 %). The types of satirical expression consist of personal (67 cases or 37,86 %), episodic (62 cases or 35,03 %),) experential (40 cases or 22,60 %), and textual (8 cases or 4,52 %). The most frequent rhetorical devices in the satirical expressions are irony (47 cases or 26,55 %), ridicule (45 cases or 25,42 %), and sarcasm (24 cases or 13,56 %). The translation techniques which has the highest frequency are establihed equivalent (787 cases or 47,30 %), linguistic compression (170 cases or 10,22 %), pure borrowing (130 cases or 7,81 %), transposition (98 cases or 5,89 %), and reduction (92 cases or 5,53 %). The most frequent translation techniques give positive contribution to the whole of translation quality. From the assesment of three aspects of quality, it can be concluded that the translator is capable enough to apply the translation techniques. There is positive impact of the techinques applied and the total quality of translation. The average score of translation quality is 2,82, which can be categorized as high. Keywords: translation, satire, rhetorical devices, translation technique, translation quality
What Constitutes "Complement" in Systemic Functional Grammar: Its Theoretical Problems and Implications
Get PDFDespite the wide-range application of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) for various kinds of text analyses, SFG theory poses significant syntactic problems which have not been touched much. These syntactic problems are basically the result of its fundamental theoretical construct, i.e. the semantic perspective in approaching grammar. In fact, this theoretical construct seems to mix up the syntactic function and the semantic role analysis, two out three levels in syntactic analysis. It results in a serious inconsistency in labeling the syntactic unit of analysis in a clause and in defining many terms as well. This paper roughly explores both syntactic and semantic problems which appear in Mood system, particularly the label ‘Complement’. This paper does not discuss each problem in detail and in a systematic way; rather it will only show us that there are still many works to do in the theory of SFG itself. Thus, there should be more scholars and advocates of this school of grammar focusing their investigations on the theoretical level of grammatical/syntactic issues
HOW SPEECH ACTS WORK IN TRANSLATION: AN ANALYSIS ON SPEECH ACTS TRANSLATING A SCRIPT OF TITANIC FILM
Get PDFThe aim of this work is to know how speech acts work in translation. It is to find out an alternative definition of translation, to know the relationship between speech acts and types of translation, and to find the possibility that speech acts are able to influence the quality of translation. Through content analysis, it is found that translation is not only the process of meaning transference but also the process of intention transference from Source Language (SL) to target Language (TL). It is also found that speech acts are in relation to types of translation. When some utterances are translated with the idea of locutionary act, the tendancy of translation type belongs to literal translation. While some which are translated with the idea of illocutionary act, it belongs to idiomatic translation. And, it is possibly true that the action of ‗loss‘ and ‗gain‘ belongs to perlocutio nary acts. In relation to quality of translation, the use of locutionary act will perform the accuracy of meaning while that of illocutionary act will lead to naturalness or acceptability. And, the effect of illocutionary force will be realized into action by making ‗loss‘ and ‗gain‘; it will increase readabilit y.Keywords: locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary, literal, idiomatic, loss, gai
QUR'ANICVERSES TRANSLATION SEEN FROM PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR SENSITIVITY
Get PDFThis paper discusses the translation quality of quranic verses from the point of view of their sensitivity. As containing many values and ways of life the problem that the people are facing is how to understand the values that exist in, between and beyond the lines of the Quran verses. The question is whether translation and interpretation can answer it. As a matter of fact, Qur’an verses have sensitivity to be responded in the form of the translated texts. The translated texts of Qur’an can be sensitive and controversial. Several translation version of quranic verses were taken as data to see the level of their sensitivity which can be seen from some aspect: that it may be contrary (1) to the state, (2) to religion (in a broad sense to the culture), (3) to decency, and (4) to private citizens. This category leads to a concomitant quartet of grounds for censorship: sedition, blasphemy, obscenity, and libel. The word “Yaddullah” in the section of “Al fath -verse-10”, for example, from the perspective of the contextual content of the text, would have become dichotomical meaning or even multicotomical ones. The first one tends to use the foriegnization, while the second tends to use domestication. Those who defend the word “Yaddun” as “the hand” or “tangan” as its word equivalence want to make their translation original not going out of the context of Islamic teaching. They believe that those who have gone out of Islamic teaching include unbelievers (that reject faith) and idolaters. The translation of “yaddu” into “hand” or “tangan” , according to some Muslims, contains the implication that the translator has its implied lack of respect for the original text, and because of the defeatist view of the ability of the target audience which entails.On the other hand, those who have translated that word “yaddun” into “power” or “kekuasaan” think that the translation into “hand” or “tangan” will disrupt and distort the image of God (Allah) existence. They are afraid that people think God is like human being having hands, head, legs and other part of the human body. Qur’an as a God’s text which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad via the archangel Gabriel, and intended for all times and all places needs to be perceived carefully because many of its verses are still stated in the forms of general statement. They need to be translated and interpreted in a way that makes people live peacefully, not on the other way around. The deference point of view in understanding Qur’an verses must be supposed to be something that makes perspective of Muslims wide and tolerant.