Justicia Islamica (Journal)
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Reforming Qardh Practices in Islamic Banking: A Critical Analysis Based on Jasser Auda’s Maqāṣid al-Sharīah Systems Approach in Indonesia
No full textThis study examines the extent to which qardh contracts in Indonesian Islamic banking align with the higher objectives of shariah (maqasid) as conceptualised in Jasser Auda’s systems-based framework. The research addresses a gap in the existing literature, where qardh is often analysed in terms of legal-formal compliance without a critical assessment of its multidimensional ethical and social functions. The research adopts a qualitative-normative approach, utilising library research to analyse primary sources from classical fiqh, Qur’anic verses, hadiths, fatwas, and relevant regulatory texts, as well as secondary scholarly literature on qardh and Maqasid al-Shari'ah. Jasser Auda’s multidimensional maqasid framework serves as the primary analytical tool. The study reveals a significant disparity between the ideal concept of qardh as a benevolent, non-profit financial instrument and its current implementation in Indonesia, which frequently includes administrative charges, restrictive eligibility criteria, and limited outreach. Through Auda’s systems approach, the research demonstrates that properly designed qardh contracts can fulfil five maqasid dimensions: protection of wealth (equitable resource access), protection of life (emergency aid), protection of intellect (educational funding), protection of lineage (family economic support), and protection of religion (ethical lending). This study offers a conceptual reform model for aligning qardh practices with maqasid-oriented policies and product designs. It advances Islamic finance scholarship by shifting the discourse from procedural compliance toward holistic socio-economic transformation, positioning Islamic banking as a genuine instrument for justice and inclusion in Indonesia
Gaps and Challenges in Child Marriage Regulation: An Indonesian and Australian Legal Perspective
No full textChild marriage remains a persistent global issue, including in Indonesia and Australia. Despite legal frameworks that set a minimum age for marriage, the practice persists due to loopholes, socio-cultural factors, and weak enforcement. This study adopts a comparative legal approach by analysing statutory regulations, court decisions, and relevant academic literature within the contexts of Islamic law, Indonesian law, and Australian law. Findings reveal that the challenges in regulating child marriage are not purely juridical but are significantly influenced by psychosocial conditions. In Indonesia, the prevalence of marriage dispensations and cultural norms that tolerate early marriage creates a tension between legal norms and social realities. In contrast, Australia, while having a stronger legal framework and a relatively low prevalence, still allows dispensations for those aged 16–17 and faces cases of forced marriage within migrant communities, compounded by limited national data. The study’s contribution lies in demonstrating the importance of a legal-psychosocial perspective for understanding and addressing child marriage regulation. Protecting children’s rights, therefore, requires not only normative reforms but also comprehensive social interventions that address underlying cultural and structural drivers
From Regulation to Ethics: The Legal Effectiveness of Smart Village Policy through Village SDGs and Maqāṣid al-Sharīah
No full textDigital transformation in rural areas through the Smart Village concept has become a key strategy in sustainable development. Ministerial Decree No. 55 of 2024 on General Guidelines for Smart Village Development serves as the legal foundation for implementing the Smart Village policy, which aligns with the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By limiting the regulatory analysis to Ministerial Decree No. 55 of 2024, this article examines: (1) data standards and connectivity, (2) data protection and privacy, (3) financing and procurement, and (4) multi-stakeholder collaboration. The assessment of policy success is framed through five maqashid al-shariah dimensions: hifz al-din (ethical and inclusive governance), hifz al-nafs (health, safety, and food security), hifz al-aql (education and digital literacy), hifz al-nasl (family welfare and environmental sustainability), and hifz al-mal (economic empowerment and asset governance). Specifically, we contextualized our findings through case studies of Ponggok and Grajagan. The findings indicate that although the legal framework is clear, it remains limited to symbolic information and technology (ICT) infrastructure projects. Law enforcement and legal culture, which require partnerships among village officials, facilitators, and residents, receive insufficient attention. Other barriers include human resources, weak digital infrastructure, and poor coordination across actors. We recommend issuing a Village Regulation (Perdes) to operationalize Ministerial Decree No. 55 of 2024, which establishes data standards that are connected and easy to use, includes data protection clauses, and appoints trained village digital stewards. This study is intentionally limited to Ministerial Decree No. 55 of 2024; other regulations are noted as limitations and avenues for future research
A Judge's Response to the Phenomenon of Indonesian Legal Pluralism: The Compartmentalization of Law on Divorce Case of Sasaknese Marriage
No full textThe legal plurality in a civil and plural society, such as Indonesian, is necessary. Today, Indonesians practice state law and are subject to religious and customary law. The Sasaknese live in Indonesia's state territory, which requires them to submit to Indonesian state law. In contexts of ethnicity and local civilization, they need the pursuance of Sasak customary law, and in the context of Muslims, they need the subservience of Islamic law. These three laws have rules regarding marriage law, tradition, and culture. This article will discuss and deal with the response of the state officer and the Praya Religious Court in Lombok Island in the case of Sasaknese divorce. The approach is socio-legal studies and the theory of legal compartmentalization. A methodological study of this article deals with juridical-normative-empirical analysis. The critical point explored in this article is the attitude of legal compartmentalization as an essential response from judges in seeing the phenomenon of legal plurality in the Sasak society. The judges adopted legal compartmentalization to provide justice, and protection, and balance rights and obligations between men/husbands and women/wives in a family.Pluralitas hukum dalam masyarakat majemuk seperti bangsa Indonesia adalah sebuah keniscayaan. Saat ini masyarakat Indonesia tidak hanya mengamalkan dan memperaktikkan hukum negara, namun juga tunduk pada hukum agama dan hukum adat. Bagi mereka, hukum agama merupakan nilai-nilai yang sangat penting, yang diyakini sebagai hukum yang benar di dunia, surga, hingga semi surgawi. Hukum adat bagi para perempuan, laki-laki, hingga semua masyarakat Indonesia tanpa terkecuali melihat sebagai akar, landasan, dan nilai-nilai fundamental hukum lokal dan adat seluruh bangsa Indonesia. Saat ini masyarakat Sasak yang bermukim di wilayah negara Indonesia wajib tunduk pada hukum negara Indonesia. Dalam konteks etnis dan peradaban lokal, mereka memerlukan ketaatan pada hukum adat Sasak untuk hidup bersama; dan dalam konteks keagamaan umat Islam, mereka memerlukan ketaatan pada hukum Islam. Ketiga entitas hukum ini mempunyai aturan tersendiri mengenai hukum perkawinan, tradisi dan budaya. Hukum negara Indonesia memiliki aturan tersendiri tentang perkawinan, begitu pula hukum Islam dan adat mempunyai aturan tersendiri mengenai aturan perkawinan. Sejalan dengan kenyataan pluralitas hukum dalam hukum perkawinan yang dianut oleh masyarakat Sasak, maka tulisan ini akan membahas dan menyikapi tanggapan para pejabat negara serta Pengadilan Agama Praya di Pulau Lombok terhadap keberadaan adat istiadat, hukum dan hukum Islam dalam kasus perceraian suku Sasak. Respon negara dibatasi hanya sebatas pada sikap hakim dalam memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus perkara perceraian-perkawinan masyarakat Islam Sasak. Berkenaan dengan fenomena pluralitas hukum dalam hukum masyarakat Sasak tersebut, artikel ini membahas tentang paradigma integrasi atau jalinan antara hukum dan masyarakat. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah model kajian sosio-legal arus utama, dan terkenal dengan teori kompartementalisasi hukum. Metode kajian artikel ini, menggunakan metode penalaran hukum analisis yuridis-normatif-empiris. Point penting yang diekspolari dan ditangkap dalam tulisan ini adalah, sikap kompartementalisasi hukum pengadilan sebagai respon penting para hakim dalam melihat fenomena pluralitas hukum dalam masyarakat Sasak. Para hakim menempuh kompartementalisasi hukum itu semata-mata untuk memberikan keadilan, perlindungan, dan keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara pria/suami dan wanita/isteri dalam berkeluarga
Islamic Corporate Philanthropy in Islamic Banking: Implementation of Zakat Regulation and Sharia Compliance in Indonesia
No full textThis study aims to provide empirical evidence on the implementation of zakat management compliance and the influence of sharia corporate philanthropy on the performance of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. This study uses a mixed method, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The collected data were then analyzed quantitatively using descriptive or inferential statistics. The research sample consisted of 12 Islamic banks registered with the OJK, and the secondary data for this study were taken from audited and published annual reports from 2017 to 2023. The data analysis technique used regression and legal interpretation analysis. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant influence of ICP performance and Islamic banks, and that there are examples of banking compliance with applicable laws. The contribution of this study lies in providing empirical evidence that compliance with zakat regulations and the implementation of Islamic corporate philanthropy have a positive impact on the performance of Islamic banking institutions. This study reinforces the argument that zakat is not only a moral or spiritual obligation, but also a strategic instrument in sustainable corporate governance. In addition, this research provides important input for regulators, banking practitioners, and zakat authorities in formulating more integrative and applicable policies, so as to optimize the potential of national zakat through synergy between regulations, institutions, and sharia corporate awareness
Filosofi Masalah Khilafiyah: Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha' dalam Perpektif Filsafat Sosial
No full textThis study aims to analyze the philosophy of difference of opinion (ikhtilaf) among fiqh scholars (fuqaha) in the perspective of social philosophy. Ikhtilaf in Islamic law is often seen as a source of division, even though it has a positive value in the social and intellectual dynamics of Muslims. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, through a literature review of classical and contemporary works that discuss the ikhtilaf al-fuqaha'. The results show that differences of opinion in fiqh are a necessity that arises from differences in methodology, social context, and understanding of sharia texts. In the perspective of social philosophy, ikhtilaf contributes to enriching Islamic discourse and reflects the principle of plurality in Islamic legal thought. Thus, understanding ikhtilaf as intellectual wealth can strengthen tolerance and harmony in Muslim societies
Pro-Kontra Poligini Dalam Islam: Upaya Menemukan Titik Tengah
No full textThis study aims to analyze the debate on polygyny in Islam and to find a middle ground in its understanding. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach, through a literature review of classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources. The results show that polygyny in Islam has a sharia basis, but with strict conditions of justice. The pro opinion emphasizes the legitimacy of polygamy as part of Islamic teachings, while the counter party sees it as a practice that can harm women. In the modern context, reinterpretation is carried out to adapt this practice to the principles of justice and family welfare. This study confirms that a middle ground can be found by understanding polygamy as a conditional option and not as the main norm in marriage, so that it remains in accordance with the maqashid sharia which emphasizes justice and benefit
Gerakan Jender Dalam Islam: Kesetaraan Relasi Perempuan dan Laki-laki menurut al-Qur'an
No full textThis study aims to analyze the concept of gender equality in Islam based on the perspective of the Qur'an. The method used is qualitative with a thematic interpretation approach, through a literature review of Qur'anic verses, hadiths, and classical and contemporary scholars' thoughts on the relationship between women and men. The results showed that the Qur'an emphasizes the principle of equality in rights and responsibilities between men and women, despite contextual differences in roles. The concept of gender justice in Islam is oriented towards a balance of rights and obligations without demeaning either party. This study emphasizes that the gender movement in Islam must be based on the values of the Qur'an and Islamic objectives, thus producing harmonious and fair relationships in social life
Manajemen Pemerintahan Umar: Studi Dasar-dasar Pemerintahan Modern Dalam Islam
No full textThis study aims to analyze the governance of Umar bin Khattab and its relevance to the principles of modern governance in Islam. Umar is known as a leader who implemented effective administrative, economic, and legal policies based on the principles of justice, transparency, and the welfare of the people. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, examining sources of Islamic history and modern governance literature. The results showed that Umar's administrative system included state financial governance, an independent judicial system, and the principle of openness in public policy. The concepts of leadership and bureaucracy that Umar applied are similar to the principles of good governance in modern government. This study emphasizes that Umar's model of government can be an inspiration in the development of an Islamic system of government that is adaptive and responsive to the needs of contemporary society
Perlindungan Terhadap Pekerja Anak di Indonesia: Kajian Historis
No full textThis study aims to examine efforts to protect child laborers in Indonesia from a historical perspective, by tracing the development of policies and regulations from the colonial period to the reformation era. This study uses a qualitative method with a historical-normative approach, through the study of documents, legislation, and relevant literature. The results show that the issue of child labor has been a concern since the Dutch East Indies era, but comprehensive legal protection has only begun to develop after independence. The Manpower Act and the ratification of international conventions have become important milestones in the strengthening of children's rights. However, the challenge of implementation is still high due to socio-economic factors and weak law enforcement. This study emphasizes the importance of synergy between policy, education, and public awareness in eliminating the practice of child labor in a sustainable manner