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Isolasi Selulosa dari Tongkol Jagung melalui Delignifikasi Ultrasonik
Full text linkCorncob was chosen as a raw material due to its high lignocellulose content, including 36.4% cellulose. The delignification process was performed using alkaline treatment with NaOH, enhanced by ultrasonik irradiation, creating cavitation that helps break lignin bonds, shortens processing time, and increases cellulose yield. The ultrasonic assistance aims to provide an optimal solution for lignin processing. Variables tested included ultrasonic power (80-120 watts) and delignification time (50-70 minutes). The study results indicated that both ultrasonic power and duration influenced cellulose content, with the highest yield of 66.08% achieved at 110 watts and 60 minutes. FTIR analysis showed a reduction in peak intensity, indicating lignin reduction, while SEM analysis confirmed significant surface morphology changes after delignification. In conclusion, the ultrasonic delignification method proved effective in separating cellulose from corncob, yielding better results and more efficient processing times, demonstrating the potential of ultrasonic technology in the biomass processing industry for more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient cellulose production. Further studies are recommended to optimize process conditions and evaluate industrial-scale applications.Tongkol jagung dipilih sebagai bahan baku karena kandungan lignoselulosa yang tinggi, termasuk 36,4% selulosa. Proses delignifikasi dilakukan dengan perlakuan alkali menggunakan NaOH yang ditingkatkan dengan bantuan ultrasonik, menghasilkan kavitas yang membantu pemecahan ikatan lignin, memperpendek waktu pemrosesan, dan meningkatkan hasil selulosa. Dengan bantuan ultrasonik ini diharapakan proses delignifikasi menjadi solusi tepat untuk pengolahan lignin.Variabel yang diuji meliputi daya ultrasonik (80-120 watt) dan waktu delignifikasi (50-70 menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya dan durasi ultrasonik mempengaruhi kadar selulosa, dengan kadar tertinggi sebesar 66,08% tercapai pada daya 110 watt dan waktu 60 menit. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan penurunan intensitas puncak yang menunjukkan pengurangan lignin, sementara analisis SEM mengkonfirmasi perubahan morfologi permukaan yang signifikan setelah delignifikasi. Kesimpulannya, metode delignifikasi ultrasonik terbukti efektif dalam memisahkan selulosa dari tongkol jagung dengan hasil yang lebih baik dan waktu yang lebih efisien, menunjukkan potensi penggunaan teknologi ultrasonik dalam industri pengolahan biomassa untuk produksi selulosa yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan hemat energi. Studi lebih lanjut disarankan untuk mengoptimalkan kondisi proses dan mengevaluasi skala aplikasi industri
Pemetaan Genangan Banjir Daerah Aliran Sungai Way Tipo Kabupaten Tengah Menggunakan Aplikasi HEC-RAS
No full textFlooding is a recurring issue in the Way Tipo Watershed (DAS), impacting both the environment and surrounding communities. This study analyzes flood inundation areas using a quantitative approach based on hydrology and hydraulics, employing HEC-RAS modeling. The flood discharge was calculated using the Nakayashu method, yielding return period discharges (Q2–Q100) ranging from 744.46 to 993.05 m³/s. Simulation validation with the design discharge Q25 and Q50 at 988.82 m³/s resulted in an inundation area of 76.29 km². The analysis of the relationship between discharge and inundation area using Excel produced an equation with R² > 0.94, indicating a strong correlation. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for flood mitigation planning and sustainable watershed management. The implication of these findings is that the mathematical model obtained is capable of providing a fairly accurate picture of potential flooding based on water discharge, thereby assisting policymakers, local governments, and relevant parties in formulating flood prevention strategies, determining flood-prone zones, and spatial planning for the region.Banjir merupakan permasalahan rutin di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Way Tipo, yang berdampak pada lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini menganalisis luas genangan banjir menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis hidrologi dan hidraulika dengan pemodelan HEC-RAS. Debit banjir dihitung menggunakan metode Nakayashu, menghasilkan debit kala ulang (Q2–Q100) antara 744,46 hingga 993,05 m³/s. Validasi simulasi dengan debit rancangan Q25 dengan Q50, debit 988,82 m³/s menunjukkan luas genangan mencapai seluas 76,29 Km2. Analisis hubungan debit dan luas genangan menggunakan Excel menghasilkan persamaan dengan R² > 0,94, menunjukkan keterkaitan yang kuat. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam perencanaan mitigasi banjir dan pengelolaan DAS secara berkelanjutan
Identifikasi Karakter Kerja di Industri Otomotif Untuk Lulusan SMK Jurusan Teknik Sepeda Motor di Blitar
Full text linkThis study aims to identify the work characteristics of vocational school graduates majoring in Motorcycle Engineering in the automotive industry through a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at three official Honda workshops in Blitar: AHASS MPM, AHASS PSM, and AHASS Kademangan. Data analysis was performed using triangulation of sources and methods to ensure the research results are valid, systematic, and in-depth. The research results indicate that the work standards for mechanics include a minimum SMK TSM diploma, mastery of technical competencies, compliance with SOPs, and the application of good work characteristics such as discipline, religiosity, thoroughness, diligence, concern, honesty, responsibility, communication skills, creativity, innovation, teamwork, and perseverance. However, the application of work character traits among SMK graduates in the automotive industry is not yet fully consistent, particularly in terms of religiousness, meticulousness, perseverance, communication skills, teamwork, resilience, creativity, and innovation. Schools and industries need to establish more intensive collaboration through internship programs, training, and continuous evaluation to ensure graduates possess both technical competencies and work character traits aligned with industry standards
Evaluasi Keamanan Jembatan Terhadap Gerusan Lokal: Studi Kasus Pada Jembatan Sumanda - Sukamulya Tanggamus, Lampung
Full text linkBridges represent a vital component of strategic infrastructure, facilitating the movement of traffic and the distribution of logistics. Bridges facilitate connectivity between disparate geographical regions. It is of the utmost importance to prevent damage and failure of bridge structures. Bridge structure failure is the formation of local scour at the pillars and abutments of the bridge. The objective of this research is to assess the safety of the Way Sumanda-Sukamulya Bridge in regard to the potential for scour at the pillars and abutments. Topographic surveys, instantaneous discharge, and riverbed sediment gradation were conducted for the purpose of collecting data regarding the potential for scour. Ten years of rainfall data were obtained from the Mesuji-Sekampung BBWS, which served to corroborate the design flood discharge. An evaluation of scour was conducted using the HEC-RAS 1D. The scour depth at the pillars ranged from 1.60 m to 1.89 m, while the scour depth at the abutments reached 2.28 m to 3.17 m. It was observed that the outer bend of the river presented a greater scour depth than the inner part. It is imperative that the Way Sumanda Bridge be periodically assessed to ensure that the risk of local scour is kept to an absolute minimum.Jembatan merupakan salah satu infrastruktur strategis dalam mendukung pergerakan lalu lintas dan distribusi logistik. Jembatan menghubungkan daerah yang terpisah hambatan geografi. Kerusakan dan kegagalan struktur jembatan harus dihindari. Penyebab utama kegagalan stuktur jembatan adalah akibat gerusan lokal di pilar dan abutment jembatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi keamanan Jembatan Way Sumanda – Sukamulya terhadap potensi gerusan pada pilar dan abutmen. Survei topografi, debit sesaat, serta gradasi sedimen dasar sungai dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data gerusan. Data curah hujan sepuluh tahun didapat dari BBWS Mesuji-Sekampung dan mendasari besaran debit banjir rancangan. Evaluasi gerusan dilakukan menggunakan HEC-RAS 1D. Kedalaman gerusan pada pilar berkisar 1,60 m sampai 1,89 m sedangkan gerusan abutmen sebesar 0,33 m sampai 3,25 m. Belokan bagian luar sungai kedalaman gerusannya lebih besar dari bagian dalam. Jembatan Way Sumanda perlu dikaji secara berkala untuk memastikan risiko minimal terhadap gerusan lokal
Analisis Pelaksanaan Disiplin ASN Pada Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BKPSDM) Kota Batu
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the implementation of ASN employee attendance discipline at the Human Resource Development and Civil Service Agency (BKPSDM) Batu City and the factors that influence it. This research is a qualitative study that uses interviews, documentation, and observation for data collection. The results showed the following. First, the leadership has implemented sanctions against violations of the attendance discipline. Second, the factors that support the implementation of ASN discipline in BKPSDM Batu City include: 1) the role of leadership role models and 2) the use of digital attendance. Leaders set a good example by being present on time and disciplined working hours, so that employees feel motivated. The use of digital absences also has a positive impact on discipline because the data cannot be manipulated. Third, the factors that become obstacles to improving discipline both time discipline and work discipline for ASN employees at BKPSDM Batu City include: 1) employees have not been able to manage the schedule of picking up and dropping off school children properly so that it interferes with working hours; 2) employees who violate consider the sanctions to be too light; 3) lack of effect from the sanctions received, for example a reduction in allowances or salaries; and 4) the level of tolerance for violations of attendance discipline is quite high. The leadership has set a good example in terms of attendance and accuracy of working hours.BKPSDM Kota Batu merupakan unit-unit kinerja di Pemkot Batu mengalami kendala perwujudan kedisiplinan terutama kehadiran dan jam kerja pegawainya. Terdapat regulasi yang mengatur disiplin yakni Perwali Batu Nomor 2/2018 terkait ketetapan tata laksana 5H Kinerja Pegawai di Pemkot Batu, dan sudah disosialisasikan. Riset menerapkan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif, bertujuan mendeskripsikan kedisiplinan kehadiran ASN. Hasil terdapat beberapa pegawai pernah dan sering terlambat hadir ataupun pulang lebih awal dari jadwal yang diharapkan; terdapat beberapa pegawai tidak hadir di kantor dengan berbagai alasan; sebagian besar pelanggar beralasan terkait kepentingan pribadi; dan terdapat sangsi adaminsitratif
Pengembangan Media E-Learning Koi Park Berbasis Scan QR Android pada Mata Pelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK Negeri 1 Udanawu
No full textCurrently, technology has changed the paradigm of how educators teach and how students learn in obtaining various sources of learning information. Entrepreneurship subjects in vocational schools require teachers to provide real-world implementation in presenting entrepreneurial literacy material, so that they can develop the potential of MSMEs around the school area. One of the potentials for MSMEs is Koi fish cultivation in Kemloko Village, Nglegok District, Blitar Regency. This research aims to develop the Koi Park Blitar e-learning media application based on Android QR Scan in Entrepreneurship subjects using the ADDIE model. The learning media is suitable for use with validation results by material experts of 96.15 (very feasible) and media experts of 92.30 (very feasible).Saat ini teknologi telah mengubah paradigma cara mengajar pendidik dan cara belajar peserta didik dalam memperoleh berbagai sumber informasi pembelajaran. Mata pelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK menuntut guru untuk memberikan implementatif pada dunia nyata dalam menyajikan materi literasi kewirausahaan, sehingga dapat mengembangkan potensi UMKM di sekitar kawasan sekolah. Salah satu potensi UMKM adalah budidaya ikan Koi di Desa Kemloko, Kecamatan Nglegok, Kabupaten Blitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi media e-learning Koi Park Blitar berbasis Scan QR Android pada mata pelajaran Kewirausahaan menggunakan model ADDIE. Media pembelajaran tersebut layak digunakan dengan hasil validasi oleh ahli materi 96,15 (sangat layak) dan ahli media 92,30 (sangat layak)
Analisis Muatan Literasi Statistik Pada Buku Teks Matematika Di Platform Merdeka Mengajar Jenjang Sekolah Dasar
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the content of statistical literacy in the independent curriculum textbooks found on the Merdeka Teaching Platform (PMM). This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method, namely by describing the information obtained in non-numerical form. The data collection process is carried out using content analysis, which is a systematic and in-depth examination of the content of a particular material in order to identify patterns, themes, and biases. The textbooks selected in this study consisted of 4 textbooks, 1 grade I textbook, 2 grade IV textbooks and 1 grade V textbook. The analysis of statistical literacy content in Mathematics textbooks at the PMM elementary school level is carried out on 4 books that have presented statistical literacy content according to the applicable curriculum. The cognitive level of statistical literacy skills presented in the book includes understanding, application, evaluation and reasoning.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui muatan literasi statistik pada buku teks kurikulum merdeka yang terdapat pada Platform Merdeka Mengajar (PMM). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yakni dengan cara mendeskripsikan informasi-informasi yang diperoleh dalam bentuk non-numerik. Buku teks yang dipilih pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 buku teks, 1 buku teks kelas I, 2 buku teks kelas IV dan 1 buku teks kelas V. Analisis muatan literasi statistik pada buku teks Matematika pada PMM jenjang sekolah dasar dilakukan pada 4 buku tersebut sudah menyajikan muatan literasi statistik sesuai kurikulum yang berlaku. Level kognitif kemampuan literasi statistik yang tersaji pada buku tersebut meliputi pemahaman, penerapan, evaluasi dan penalaran
Pengembangan E-Modul Etnomatematika Batik Berbasis PjBL untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Full text linkThis research aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective batik ethnomathematics e-module based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) to improve critical thinking skills of elementary school students. This research was conducted using the 4D RnD model design. In the research stages, product validation was carried out by media experts and material experts. The research product was tested with 19 fourth-grade students consisting of 9 boys and 10 girls. Research data was collected using interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Interviews were used to investigate initial conditions and needs, student and teacher questionnaires were used to assess the practicality of the e-module, and tests were conducted to assess students' critical thinking skills. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and t-tests. Based on the research results, it was found that (1) the batik ethnomathematics e-module was declared valid and feasible to be implemented, (2) the batik ethnomathematics e-module was declared practical, and (3) the batik ethnomathematics e-module was declared effective and proven to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk berupa e-modul etnomatematika batik berbasis Project Based Learning (PjBL) yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan desain RnD model 4D. Pada tahapan penelitian, validasi produk dilakukan oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Produk penelitian diujicobakan dengan melibatkan 19 siswa kelas IV yang terdiri dari 9 laki-laki dan 10 perempuan. Data penelitian dilakukan menggunakan wawancara, angket, dan tes. Wawancara digunakan untuk meneliti kondisi awal dan kebutuhan, angket siswa dan guru digunakan untuk mengetahui praktikalitas e-modul, dan tes dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Analisis dilakukan dengan statistic deskriptif dan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil yang menunjukkan (1) e-modul etnomatematika dinyatakan valid dan layak untuk diterapkan, (2) e-modul etnomatematika dinyatakan praktis, dan (3) e-modul etnomatematika dinyatakan efektif dan terbukti bisa meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa
To become Model Pendekatan Komponen Pariwisata 6A Di Desa Mondoluku Menuju Desa Wisata
No full textTo become a tourist village, Mondoluku Village has a diversity of potential that has not been managed optimally, so it is necessary to carry out an analysis using the 6A tourism component model, namely Attraction, Accessibilities, Amenities, Accommodation, Activity and Ancillary Service as a model for the development and development of the Mondoluku tourist village. Readiness of Mondoluku village with analysis of the 6A tourism component approach model, as a model for managing and developing tourism in Mondoluku Village, so that visitors or tourists can enjoy the tourism potential that exists in Mondoluku Village, and it is hoped that it can provide opportunities for the community to take advantage of the potential. exists to support the sustainability of tourism activities. The research objective is to analyze the 6A tourism component approach model and analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in developing a tourist village in Mondoluku Village towards a tourist village. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that tourism development in Mondoluku Village is still not optimal, there is still something that needs to be improved in each component of tourism in every potential tourist attraction in Mondoluku Village.Desa Mondoluku untuk menjadi Desa wisata memiliki keberagaman potensi yang belum dikelola secara optimal, maka perlu dilakukan analisis dengan model komponen pariwisata 6A yakni Attraction, Accessibilities, Amenities, Accommodation, Activity dan Ancillary Service sebagai model dalam pengembangan dan pembangunan desa wisata Mondoluku. Kesiapan desa Mondoluku dengan analisis model pendekatan komponen pariwisata 6A, sebagai model pengelolaan dan pengembangan pariwisata di Desa Mondoluku, sehingga pengunjung atau wisatawan dapat menikmati potensi-potensi wista yang ada di Desa Mondoluku, serta diharapkan dapat memberikan peluang pada masyarakat umtuk memanfaatkan potensi-potensi yang ada untuk mendukung keberlangsungan kegiatan pariwisata. Tujuan Penelitian yakni menganalisis model pendekatan komponen pariwisata 6A serta menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pengembangan desa wisata di Desa Mondoluku menuju desa wisata. Jenis penelitian ini yakni deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengembangan pariwisata di Desa Mondoluku masih belum optimal, masih ada yang perlu diperbaiki dalam masing-masing komponen pariwisata tersebut pada setiap potensi tempat wisata yang ada di Desa Mondoluk
Kajian Eksperimental Penggunaan Pasir Pantai Sebagai Agregat Halus Pada Beton Normal Dengan Penambahan Silica Fume
Full text linkThis study aims to examine the use of beach sand as an alternative material for fine aggregate in normal concrete of K-225 quality with the addition of silica fume. The method used is an experimental method by testing compressive strength and slump values. In this study, 4 types of test pieces were used, namely concrete mixture using river sand (BN), concrete mixture using beach sand (BPP), concrete mixture using beach sand with the addition of 10% silica fume (BPPSF10), and concrete mixture using beach sand with the addition of silica fume 20% (BPPSF20). Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the concrete mixture using beach sand (BPP, BPPSF10 and BPPSF20) has a lower compressive strength than the concrete mixture using river sand. The addition of silica fume to the beach sand concrete mixture by 10% and 20% can increase the compressive strength of concrete but has not been able to achieve the planned compressive strength. Meanwhile, the slump value in the concrete mixture using beach sand is lower than the slump value of the concrete mixture using river sand.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan pasir pantai untuk material alternatif agregat halus pada beton normal mutu K-225 dengan penambahan silica fume. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan melakukan pengujian kuat tekan dan nilai slump. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 4 jenis benda uji yaitu campuran beton menggunakan pasir sungai (BN), campuran beton menggunakan pasir pantai (BPP), campuran beton menggunakan pasir pantai dengan tambahan silica fume 10 % (BPPSF10), dan campuran beton menggunakan pasir pantai dengan tambahan silica fume 20 % (BPPSF20). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pada campuran beton menggunakan pasir pantai (BPP, BPPSF10 dan BPPSF20) memiliki kuat tekan lebih rendah dibandingkan campuran beton menggunakan pasir sungai. Penambahan silica fume pada campuran beton pasir pantai sebanyak 10 % dan 20 % dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan beton namun masih lebih kecil dari kuat tekan rencana. Sedangkan nilai slump pada benda uji beton yang terbuat dari pasir pantai lebih rendah jika dibandingkan nilai slump pada benda uji beton yang terbuat dari pasir sungai