Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Application of Capacitive Sensor for Measuring Grain Moisture Content Based on Internet of Things
Full text linkKadar air merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan nilai jual gabah. Kadar air yang baik menurut standar adalah sekitar 14%. Penentuan kadar air umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan oven, bagi petani cara ini cukup rumit karena petani harus membawa sampel ke laboratorium, selain itu juga membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit dan waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan pengukuran kadar air gabah secara real-time menggunakan sensor kapasitif berbasis IoT, yang mampu mengukur kadar air hasil panen berupa gabah dan dipantau langsung menggunakan Android secara realtime. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan merancang skema rangkaian sistem, merancang struktur alat, membuat alat, melakukan proses kalibrasi alat, menguji alat untuk mengukur kadar air pada sampel biji-bijian yang berbeda termasuk biji-bijian, jagung, kacang hijau, dan kacang-kacangan. kedelai dengan lima variasi kadar air pada selang waktu 9%-27%, melakukan validasi uji kadar air alat ukur dengan beberapa pengamatan meliputi kadar air gabah, waktu respon alat, dan kesalahan alat serta membandingkan hasil pengukuran kadar air gabah menggunakan alat ini. instrumen. ukuran standar dengan alat ukur yang dirancang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka alat penelitian yang dirancang dapat mengukur kadar air keempat sampel uji dengan baik, dari hasil kalibrasi alat ukur kadar air penelitian didapatkan nilai R2 keseluruhan sebesar 0,9902; yang artinya hasil pengukuran instrumen penelitian mendekati nilai sebenarnya. Hasil analisis pengamatan kadar air diperoleh rata-rata selisih nilai pembacaan berkisar antara 0,19%-0,41% dengan rata-rata persentase kesalahan yang diperoleh berkisar antara 1,18%-2,12% dan rata-rata waktu respon. pembacaan 26,33 detik.Moisture content is one of the factors that determine the selling value of grains. A good moisture content by standard is around 14%. Determination of moisture content is generally done using an oven, for farmers this method is quite complicated because farmers have to bring samples to the laboratory. This study aims to develop a real-time measurement of grain moisture content using an IoT-based capacitive sensor, which is able to measure the moisture content of crop yields in the form of grains and is monitored directly using Android in realtime. This research begins by designing a schematic of the circuit system, designing the structure of the tool, making the tool, carrying out the tool calibration process, testing the tool to measure the moisture content in different grain samples including rice, corn, green beans, and beans. grains with five variations of moisture content at 9%-27% intervals, validated the moisture content measuring instrument test with several observations including grain moisture content, tool response time, and tool error. Based on the results of the research, the calibration results of the research moisture content measuring instrument, the overall R2 value is 0,9902; which means that the measurement results of the research instrument are close to the actual value. The results of the analysis of observations of moisture content obtained an average difference in reading values ranging from 0,19%-0,41% with an average percentage error obtained ranging from 1,18%-2,12% and an average response time reading of 26,33 sec.sponse time reading of 26,33 sec
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pencucian Garam Dua Tingkat Skala Kecil
No full textKondisi perekonomian petani garam dan kualitas garam rakyat kerap kali membuat petani garam berada pada posisi tawar yang lemah, sehingga harga jual garam pada tingkat petani rendah. Mesin pengolahan garam konsumsi skala kecil perlu dirancang untuk meningkatkan nilai dari garam sehingga kesejahteraan petani garam dapat meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang mesin pencuci garam krosok untuk meningkatkan kandungan NaCl dan menghilangkan zat-zat pengotor lain seperti CaSO4, MgSO4, MgCl2 dan lain-lain. Mesin dirancang menggunakan sistem pemutaran dengan mempertahankan nilai baume dari air tua pencuci garam pada nilai 25-28. Mesin dilengkapi dengan sensor baume untuk mengontrol nilai baume air tua. Variable lama waktu pencucian divariasikan untuk menghasilkan kualitas garam terbaik. Penelitian ini sudah merancang mesin pencuci garam dua tingkat dengan sistem pengontolan nilai 0Be yang dapat mencuci garam dengan air tua berkapasitas 50 kg/jam. Mesin ini melakukan 2 kali proses pencucian garam. Mesin ini berpenggerak motor listrik 1,5 hp untuk mengaduk garam krosok bersama air tua sehingga dapat melarutkan bahan-bahan pengotor dan mempertahankan NaCl dalam bentuk kristal. Kemurnian NaCl garam krosok meningkat sebesar 7,5% setelah mengalami pencucian selama 20 menit.The economic conditions of salt farmers and the quality of their salt often put them in a weak bargaining position, so the price of salt at the farmer level is low. Small-scale consumption salt processing machines need to be designed to increase the value of salt so the welfare of salt farmers can increase. This study aims to design a salt washing machine to increase the NaCl content and remove other impurities such as CaSO4, MgSO4, MgCl2 and others. The machine is designed with stirrig system by maintaining the baume value in mixture of salt and brine at a value of 25-280Be. The machine is equipped with a baume sensor to control the brine baume value. The variable of washing time is varied to produce the best salt quality. This research has designed a two-level salt washing machine with a 0Be controll system that can wash salt with brine in 50 kg/hours capacity. This machine washes the salt in 2 step process. Salt washing machine driven by a 1.5 HP electric motor to stir the salt with brine so it can dissolve the impurities and retain the NaCl in crystal form. The purity of NaCl in salt increased by 7.5% after being washed for 20 minutes
Efektivitas Iradiasi Gamma Terhadap Mutu Vanili (Vanilla Planifolia A.) Hasil Proses curing
Full text linkVanili umumnya disimpan untuk tahap penuaan selama 2-6 bulan sehingga memicu pertumbuhan mikrob. Teknologi iradiasi dapat diterapkan untuk mereduksi mikrob pada vanili tujuan ekspor. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji efektivitas iradiasi gamma terhadap mutu vanili hasil curing serta menentukan dosis iradiasi terbaik dengan mutu masih diterima oleh konsumen. Rancangan percobaan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama dosis iradiasi sebanyak tiga taraf yaitu 10, 15 dan 30 kGy serta tanpa iradiasi (0 kGy) sebagai kontrol. Faktor kedua adalah bahan baku vanili hasil curing sebanyak tiga taraf yaitu vanili curing dengan pengering efek rumah kaca (ERK) tanpa peram lanjut, vanili curing dengan pengering ERK dan peram lanjut empat malam serta vanili curing hasil penjemuran petani. Pemberian iradiasi dilakukan pada vanili setelah penyimpanan selama dua bulan. Pengujian parameter mutu dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah iradiasi pada sampel yang dikemas, meliputi, fisik, kimia, mikrobiologi, dan uji organoleptik. Dosis iradiasi 10 kGy ditemukan efektif untuk mengurangi cemaran mikrobiologi pada vanili tanpa peram dan dengan peram lanjut sesuai batas cemaran SNI, namun pada vanili penjemuran petani dibutuhkan dosis 15 kGy. Dosis iradiasi tidak memberi efek terhadap susut bobot, kadar air dan kadar vanilin sehingga mutu dan aroma masih baik. Iradiasi meningkatkan nilai L* dan chroma namun kesukaan panelis terhadap warna vanili masih bernilai 4 (agak suka) hingga 30 kGy. Pemberian iradiasi meningkatkan kesukaan panelis terhadap aroma dari agak tidak suka (3) sebelum diiradiasi menjadi agak suka (4) setelah diiradiasi.Vanilla was generally stored for conditioning for 2-6 months thus triggering microbial growth. Irradiation can be applied to reduce microbes in vanilla export purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of gamma-ray irradiation on quality of cured vanilla and to determine the best irradiation dose with quality can be accepted by consumers. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The first factor was irradiation dose at three levels namely 10, 15 and 30 kGy and unirradiated (0 kGy) as a control. The second factor was the raw material of cured vanilla in three levels, namely cured vanilla from GHE (greenhouse effect dryer) without further sweating, vanilla from GHE dryer with four nights further sweating, and vanilla drying out by farmers. Irradiation was given to the cured vanilla after stored for two months. Quality parameter testing was carried out before and after irradiation on packaged samples. A dose at 10 kGy was found effective in reducing microbiological contamination on cured vanilla without and with further sweating according to SNI. Cured vanilla by farmers requires 15 kGy to reduce contamination. The irradiation dose had no significant effect on weight loss, water and vanillin content of cured vanilla. Irradiation increased the value of L* and chroma but the panelists\u27 preference for vanilla color was still worth 4 (rather like) to 30 kGy. Irradiation increased the panelists\u27 preference for aroma from a slight dislike (3) to a slight liking (4) after irradiation
Insights into the behavior and kinetics of purun tikus degradation during slow pyrolysis
Full text linkPurun tikus (Elocharis dulcis), a type of wetland biomass feedstock, is a challenge to the swamp ecosystem as it contributes to pollution in the area. Hence, integrating the use of purun tikus as a source of bioenergy, particularly in the form of bio-oil, is of the highest priority. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on the degradation rate of purun tikus conversion to bio-oil through pyrolysis. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the rate of destruction of purun tikus in the process of conversion into bio-oil via pyrolysis. In the experiment, a batch reaction vessel was used to carry out slow pyrolysis at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C, and the reaction times ranged from 60 to 120 min. By assuming a first-order process and using the Arrhenius equation, it was possible to figure out the activation energy and the preexponential factort. To determine whether purun tikus destroyed during pyrolysis, an activation energy of 43.317 kJ mol-1 and a pre-exponential factor of 0.351 s-1 were identified
Uji Teknis Pengecilan Partikel Gula Tebu menggunakan Disk Mill Tipe FFC-15
Full text linkAlat dan mesin pertanian (Alsintan) dibuat dengan tujuan untuk memudahkan kerja manusia dalam bidang pertanian. Misal, untuk memudahkan proses pengecilan dan mencapai keseragaman ukuran gula tebu dapat digunakan disk mill. Tujuan penelitian ini secara umum adalah melakukan uji teknis terhadap Disk Mill tipe FFC-15, dan secara khusus untuk mengetahui rendemen gula tebu dari hasil pengecilan ukuran menggunakan disk mill. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Manajemen dan Produksi Mesin Pertanian Departemen Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Andalas pada bulan September 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan lima kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata nilai rendemen dan kapasitas kerja efektif pengecilan ukuran partikel gula tebu untuk seluruh perlakuan sebesar 88.13% dan 7.62 kg/jam dengan rata-rata kadar air sebelum dan sesudah pengecilan ukuran masing-masing 3.36% dan 2.04%. Nilai rendemen terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan ketiga (90.93%) dengan rata-rata putaran mesin sebesar 2,781.20 rpm. Selain itu, losses tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan pertama dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 15.37% pada kecepatan putaran mesin rata-rata 1,733.20 rpm.Agricultural tools and machinery (Alsintan) are made to facilitate human work in agriculture. For example, to facilitate the shrinking process and achieve uniformity in the size of cane sugar, a disk mill can be used. This study generally aims to conduct technical tests on Disk Mill type FFC-15, and specifically to find out the yield of cane sugar from the results of reducing the size using a disk mill. This research has been conducted at the Agricultural Machinery Management and Production Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University in September 2022. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) factorial with five repeats. The results showed respectively the average yield value and effective working capacity of reducing the particle size of cane sugar for all treatments are 88.13% and 7.62 kg/hour with the water content averages before and after reducing the size by 3.36% and 2.04%, respectively. The best yield value was found in the third treatment (90.93%) with an average engine speed of 2,781.20 rpm. In addition, the highest loss was found in the first treatment with the average is 15.37% at an engine speed is 1,733.20 rpm
Does a Freeze-thaw Pretreatment Enhance the Quality of Dried Foods? A Meta-Analysis
Full text linkBased on the results of several studies, it\u27s questionable if freeze-thaw pretreatment can improve dried product qualities. To answer this question, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of freeze-thaw pretreatment on the quality of dried products. This research aimed to assess the impact of freeze-thaw pretreatment on the quality of dried plant-based foods. The data was sourced from the Scopus database, and the selection criteria were based on the PRISMA protocol. All meta-analysis calculations were performed using OpenMEE Software. The results revealed that freeze-thaw pretreatment significantly affected ΔE, TFC, and TPC. However, freeze-thaw pretreatment does not significantly affect shrinkage and hardness. Based on what the analysis subgroup found, the best freezing temperatures are -20 °C and -196 °C because both temperatures favorably impact TFC and hardness. Moreover, freeze-thaw pretreatment is applicable to I-C, NIR, and HA-MV drying
Aplikasi Etilen Absorber Untuk Menunda Kematangan Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Eating Quality Pisang Mas Kirana (Musa Sp.AA Group): Ethylene Absorber Application To Delay Ripeness And Its Impact On Eating Quality Bananas Mas Kirana (Musa Sp.AA Group)
No full textPisang Mas Kirana merupakan salah satu varietas pisang yang populer dipasar domestik dan ekspor. Umur simpan yang pendek menjadi kendala utama dalam ekspor buah varietas ini. Salah satu cara untuk mempertahankan mutu buah pisang adalah menunda kematangan (mempertahankan masa green life) dengan eating quality yang tetap disukai konsumen. Proses kematangan pisang dapat diperlambat dengan menggunakan etilen absorber bag (EAB) berbahan Zeolit-KMnO4 dan silica gel. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan EAB untuk menunda kematangan buah terhadap perubahan mutu dan eating quality saat pisang matang. EAB diaplikasi pada pisang yang dikemas menggunakan plastik HDPE yang diberi perforasi berdiameter ± 2 mm sebanyak 18 lubang. Berat pisang perkemasan 1.000 ± 50 g. Skenario penundaan kematangan adalah 12 dan 20 hari yang disimpan pada suhu ruang (27 oC± 2°C). EAB dilepas sesuai skenario kemudian dilakukan penyimpanan pada suhu ruang untuk proses pematangan alami dan pemajangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi EAB dapat menunda kematang pisang sesuai skenario yaitu 12 dan 20 hari. Saat pisang dibuka dari kemasan masih berwarna hijau dengan indek kematangan 1. Setelah disimpan di suhu ruang, pisang matang alami setelah 2 hari yang ditunjukkan dengan indeks kematangan 5. Setelah matang, pisang dapat bertahan sampai dengan 3 hari berdasarkan uji organoleptik terhadap rasa dan warna kulit dengan nilai 3 dari skala nilai 1-5. Eating quality yang dinyatakan dengan oBrik. menunjukkan pisang yang ditunda dengan EAB menghasilkan nilai 29,6 oBrix – 31,0 oBrix, sedang kontrol 28,1 oBrix. Waktu simpan sampai dengan display mencapai 18 dan 25 hari, sementara kontrol hanya sampai 12 hari.Mas Kirana banana is one of the popular banana varieties, generally grown in Indonesia, and is a major supporter of the domestic, export banana industry, and trade. The short shelf life of fruit is the main obstacle in exporting Indonesian fruits to foreign countries. One of the ways to maintain the quality of bananas during transportation, distribution, and storage are to maintain the green life or delay the ripening process which is adapted to the distribution of both the domestic market and the export market with eating quality according to consumer preferences. Banana ripening process can be slowed down (maintaining green life) by using ethylene absorber made from Zeolite-KMnO4, which functions to absorb ethylene production in climacteric fruit. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of using EAB (Ethylene Absorber Bag) on green life (delay time) for Mas Kirana bananas and examine the effect of the long delay on changes in quality andeating quality post EAB removed from packaging. EAB was applied to Mas Kirana bananas weighing 1,000 ± 50 g which were packaged using perforated HDPE plastic with a diameter of ± 2 cm with 18 holes. EAB was removed from the packaging according to the maturity delay of 12 and 20 days, then the bananas were stored at 27 oC for natural ripening. The results showed that the application of EAB was able to maintain the green age of bananas according to the good shelf-life scenario at room temperature (27 oC). The natural maturation process takes 2 days after the EAB is released for all scenarios. The length of time until the panelists didn\u27t like it was 18 and 25 days, and the control only measured up to 12 days
Penentuan Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran Sungai Bedadung Ruas Kaliwates Berdasarkan Keberadaan Agroindustri Tahu Menggunakan WASP
Full text linkSungai Bedadung ruas Kaliwates digunakan sebagai sumber air baku sehingga harus memenuhi baku mutu air kelas I. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan daya tampung beban pencemaran Sungai Bedadung dari adanya keberadaan agroindustri tahu dengan menggunakan WASP. Parameter kualitas air yang digunakan berupa BOD dan TSS. Hasil nilai model kualitas air menggunakan WASP memenuhi baku mutu air sungai kelas I pada BOD namun pada TSS tidak memenuhi. Berdasarkan perhitungan daya tampung beban pencemaran, Sungai Bedadung ruas Kaliwates masih mampu menerima beban pencemar yang masuk karena memiliki nilai daya tampung beban pencemaran sebesar 545.86 kg/hari untuk BOD namun tidak mampu menerima beban pencemar yang masuk pada TSS karena nilai daya tampung beban pencemarannya sebesar -2270.01 kg/hari. Simulasi dengan menurunkan konsentrasi sumber pencemar sesuai dengan baku mutu mampu meningkatkan daya tampung beban pencemaran Sungai Bedadung menjadi 688.33 kg/hari untuk parameter BOD dan -1564.72 kg/hari untuk parameter TSS.The Bedadung River section of Kaliwates is used as a source of water intake for Perumdam Tirta Pendalungan as Municipal Water Works in Jember Regency, so it must comply with the criteria for class I water quality standards. This study aims to determine the capacity to accommodate the pollution load of the Bedadung River from the presence of tofu agroindustry using WASP. The water quality parameters used are Biochemicals Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The results of the value of the water quality model using WASP meet the class I water quality allocation on the BOD parameter but on the TSS parameter it does not meet. Based on the calculation of the pollution load carrying capacity, the Bedadung River Kaliwates section accept the pollutant load input because it has a pollution load capacity value of 545.86 kg/day for BOD, but it does not accept the pollutant load input of TSS values because the pollution load carrying capacity is - 2270.01 kg/day. The simulation by reducing the concentration of pollutant sources by the quality standards that increases the carrying capacity of the Bedadung River pollution load to 688.33 kg/day for the BOD parameter and -1564.72 kg/day for the TSS parameter
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan untuk Optimasi Pemilihan Tanaman Hortikultura pada Lahan Pertanian
Full text linkHorticultural crops have different classifications of land suitability for each plant. Therefore, accuracy is needed in the selection of crops for the land to be planted. This study aims to develop DSS for determining the type of horticultural crops adapted to agroecological characteristics. The methods used were Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with analysis for selecting suitable crops involving MOORA, BC ratio, NPV, and IRR. The validation process was carried out using land data from Panyingkiran District and Cikalongkulon District. The results show that the DSS made is able to provide recommendations that are in accordance with the state of agroecology on the actual land and plant categories, namely annual plants and perennial plants. The recommended horticultural crops also coincide with the plants cultivated by farmers in the respective areas.Tanaman hortikultura memiliki klasifikasi kesesuaian lahan (agroekologi) yang berbeda untuk setiap tanaman sehingga dibutuhkan ketepatan dalam pemilihan tanaman untuk lahan yang akan ditanami. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancangbangun SPK untuk penentuan jenis tanaman hortikultura yang sesuai dengan karakteristik agroekologi dan layak secara finansial. Metode yang digunakan adalah Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dengan analisis pemilihan tanaman menggunakan MOORA, BC ratio, NPV, dan IRR. Proses validasi dilakukan menggunakan data lahan Kecamatan Panyingkiran dan Kecamatan Cikalongkulon. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa SPK yang dibuat mampu memberikan rekomendasi yang sesuai dengan keadaan agroekologi pada lahan sebenarnya untuk dua kategori tanaman hortikultura, yaitu tanaman semusim dan tahunan. Tanaman hortikultura yang direkomendasikan kebetulan juga sesuai dengan tanaman yang banyak diusahakan oleh petani setempat
Identification of the Physical Characteristics of Sorghum Bioguma for the Design of a Sorghum Thresher Machine: Identification of the Physical Characteristics of Sorghum Bioguma for the Design of a Sorghum Thresher Machine
No full textProses mekanisme perontokan tanaman sorgum yang efektif dan efisien memerlukan informasi tentang sifat-sifat teknis yang meliputi sifat fisik maupun mekanik dari jenis tanaman sorgum tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan beberapa sifat fisik tanaman sorgum varietas Bioguma pada bagian biji, batang dan daun untuk proses mekanisme perontokan biji dan batang tanaman sorgum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan jumlah ulangan 3 sampai 30 tergantung dari parameter yang diukur. Semua pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak. Tanaman sorgum yang diuji adalah dari beberapa lahan Majalengka dan Bogor. Dimensi biji sorgum varietas Bioguma yang memiliki nilai kisaran lebar 4.23 mm hingga 5.88 mm, tebal 2.49 mm hingga 2.85 mm, dan tinggi 3.95 mm hingga 4.98 mm menjadi pertimbangan disain ukuran saringan silinder perontok yaitu menggunakan plat berlubang dengan diameter 6 mm; kebutuhan daya perontokan dengan kecepatan silinder perontok pada mesin perontok yang dirancang, diasumsikan diameter silinder perontok 51 cm dan kecepatannya 700 rpm dibutuhkan daya 9,17 Kw.An effective and efficient threshing mechanism for sorghum plants requires information about technical properties, including the physical and mechanical properties of this sorghum plant. This study aims to determine some of the physical properties of the sorghum variety Bioguma in the seeds, stems, and leaves for the threshing mechanism of the sorghum seeds and stems. This study used a descriptive method with several repetitions from 3 to 30, depending on the measured parameters. All sampling was done randomly. The sorghum plants tested were from several fields in Majalengka and Bogor. The dimensions of the Bioguma variety of sorghum seeds, which have values ranging from 4.23 mm to 5.88 mm in width, 2.49 mm to 2.85 mm in thickness, and 3.95 mm to 4.98 mm in height, are considered in the design of threshing cylinder sieve sizes, namely using a perforated plate with a diameter of 6 mm; threshing power requirements with threshing cylinder speed on the designed threshing machine, assuming a threshing cylinder diameter of 51 cm and a rate of 700 rpm requires a power of 9.17 kW