Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Rancang Bangun Sistem Sortasi Cerdas Berbasis Pengolahan Citra Untuk Kopi Beras
No full textAbstractLampung Province is the largest producer of cassava in Indonesia. Cassava has a weakness that is easily damaged and could not be stored longer. To overcome this, there is a need of an effective drying process so that cassava can be processed into other materials of lower power use as well as its economic value. A hybrid drying system is one solution to resolve the issue. The purpose of this research is to study the performance of drying cassava chips by using a hybrid type of dryer rack. The process of drying cassava chips made using a three-stage treatments with three replicates with the input load of 30 kg of cassava chips. The results showed that the pattern of decline in water levels in each treatment is uneven. The time needed to dry cassava chips to reach the water content of 10% - 12% in the drying of materials using sunlight for 18 hours, using electrical energy for 16 hours and use the energy of sunlight and electricity for 12 hours. The higher temperatures produced the shorter the time required in the drying process. Electrical energy required for the drying process using electric energy was 91 440 kJ and drying using electrical energy and sunlight was 68600 kJ.Keywords: cassava chip, drying, dryer hybridDiterima: 13 Maret 2010; Disetujui: 17 Setember 201
Aplikasi Pengolahan Citra Digital dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Untuk Memprediksi Kadar Bahan Organik dalam Tanah
Get PDFAbstract The objective of this research is to determine organic matter content in soil using image processing and artificial neural network. The images of soil were captured using digital camera and processed using image process algorithm. The images parameter data i.e. red, green, blue, hue, saturation, intensity, mean, entropy, energy, contrast, and homogeneity were extracted from sixty soil sample with different organic matter content. Parameter images data were used as the inputs data for ANN analysis. Output layer of ANN is organic matter content in soil. Based on experiment found that application of image processing and ANN for predicting organic matter content in soil have the high accuracy with coefficient determination of 90.75 % and mean square error (MSE) of 0.002762. Keywords : soil organic matter, images process, artificial neural network Abastrak Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan kadar bahan organik dalam tanah menggunakan pengolahan citra digital dan jaringan syaraf tiruan. Citra tanah diambil menggunakan sebuah camera digital dan diolah menggunakan algoritma pengolahan citra. Parameter citra yang digunakan adalah : red, green, blue, saturasi, intensitas, rerata, entropi, energi, kontras, dan homogenitas diambil dari 60 contoh tanah dengan kadar bahan organik yang berbeda. Parameter citra tersebut digunakan sebagai data masukan dalam analisis ANN., sebagai lapisan keluaran dari ANN adalah kadar bahan organik dalam tanah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis pengolahan citra dan ANN dapat digunakan untuk emprediksi kadar bahan organik dalam tanah dengan akurasi tinggi dengan kooefisien determinasi 90,75% dan MSE 0,002761. Kata kunsi : bahan orgaik tanah, pengolahan citra, jaringan syaraf tiruan.Diterima: 12 Agustus 2010; Disetujui: 03 Januari 2011
Perbaikan Desain Mesin Penanam dan Pemupuk Jagung Bertenega Traktor Tangan
Get PDFAbstract A prototype of integrated machine for tillage, planting and fertilizer application for corn cultivation powered by hand tractor was modified to improve the planting and fertilizing performances. The fertilizer hopper was redesigned and separated to be two hoppers for urea, and for a mixture of TSP and KCl. The hoppers which had a bigger capacity were placed on left and right sides of the machine. For a better arrangement, the seed hopper was set on the middle part between the fertilizer hoppers. The rotor of fertilizer metering device were redesigned to become an edge cell type rotor, and equipped with a metering cylinder. Materials of the driving wheel were changed by thinner and lighter materials. To improve its driving force, the wheel was equipped by radial lugs and side rims which were set on the main rim. The stationer test result showed that the fertilizer application rate could be varied by setting the rotor opening of the metering device. Capacity of the fertilizer hopper was increased from 5 kg to 12 kg. By modification, the machine weight could be decreased and the vertical load on the handle of the tiller could be decreased from 50 kg (the first prototype) to 31 kg (modified prototype). The application of urea, TSP and KCl could be carried out well, in proper dosage. The theoretical field capacity of the modified prototype was 0.16 ha/hour, and the effective field capacity was 0.13 ha/hour. Keywords: integrated machine, corn planter, fertilizer applicator, modification, performance Abstrak Prototipe mesin pengolah tanah, penanam dan pemupuk jagung terintegrasi dengan tenaga traktor tangan telah dimodifikasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja pananaman dan pemupukannya. Hoper pupuk didesain ulang dan dibagi dua untuk menampung pupuk urea dan campuran pupuk TSP dan KCl. Hoper pupuk dengan kapasitas lebih besar ditempatkan di bagian sisi kiri dan kanan dari mesin. Untuk susunan yang seimbang, hoper benih ditempatkan di tengahnya. Rotor penjatah pupuk dirancang ulang menjadi rotor tipe edge-cell, dan dilengkapi selubung pengatur penjatahan pupuk. Bahan roda penggerak dipertipis dan diperingan. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan gerak memutarnya, roda tersebut dilengkapi dengan sirip-sirip radial dan pelek samping. Hasil pengujian stasioner menunjukkan bahwa penjatahan pupuk dapat diatur dengan mudah. Kapasitas hoper pupuk meningkat dari 5 kg menjadi 12 kg. Bobot mesin dapat dikurangi, sehingga beban angkat pada stang traktor berkurang dari 50 kg menjadi 31 kg. Pemupukan urea, TSP+KCl dapat dilakukan dengan dosis yang sesuai. Kapasitas lapangan teoritis mesin hasil modifikasi adalah 0.16 ha/jam dan kapasitas lapangan efektifnya adalah 0.13 ha/jam. Kata kunci: mesin terintegrasi, penanam jagung, pemupuk, modifikasi, kinerja Diterima: 23 Agustus 2010; Disetujui: 11 Januari 2011
Pendugaan Kelas Mutu Berdasarkan Analisa Warna Dan Bentuk Biji Pala (Myristica fragrans houtt) Menggunakan Teknologi Pengolahan Citra Dan Jaringan Saraf Tiruan
Get PDFAbstract Factors affecting the quality of a product is one of them is the color and shape. Color and shape factor was used as a parameter the most attention in the selection of a product. Farmer level, the separation between the seed heads intact and damaged seeds have not done this led to lower prices nutmeg. Separation based on a whole seed and grain merchants and level damage done is done by direct observation. This separation process requires large amounts of labor, the cost is relatively large and long enough. Development of separation methods based on the nutmeg seed quality classes can be done with image processing technology in combination with artificial neural networks. The use of color and shape parameter in the selection of quality seeds in non-destructive nutmeg is needed to address the separation of nutmeg manually. This study aims to identify the quality of nutmeg by color and shape by digital image processing technology in combination with artificial neural networks. Color parameters of the model used consists of a color Red Green Blue, Hue Saturation Value color model, color model Lαb shape parameter consists of area, perimeter, roundness, compactness. Discriminant analysis based on parameters derived mean color saturation and a significant area as the network input. The results showed the mean saturation parameter and the area identified quality class ABCD head, and BWP Rimpel with 100% accuracy.Key words: nutmeg, quality, color, shape, discriminant analysis, neural networksAbstrak Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas sebuah produk salah satunya adalah warna dan bentuk. Faktor warna dan bentuk digunakan sebagai salah satu parameter yang paling diperhatikan dalam pemilihan sebuah produk. Ditingkat petani pala proses pemisahan antara biji utuh dan biji rusak belum dilakukan hal ini menyebabkan harga biji pala menjadi rendah. Pemisahan berdasarkan biji utuh dan biji rusak dilakukan ditingkat pedagang dan dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung. Proses pemisahan ini membutuhkan tenaga kerja dalam jumlah banyak, biaya relatif besar dan waktu yang cukup lama. Pengembangan metode pemisahan biji pala berdasarkan kelas mutu dapat dilakukan dengan teknologi pengolahan citra yang dikombinasi dengan jaringan saraf tiruan. Penggunaan parameter warna dan bentuk dalam pemilihan mutu biji pala secara non-destruktif sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pemisahan biji pala secara manual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mutu pala berdasarkan warna dan bentuk dengan teknologi pengolahan citra digital yang dikombinasi dengan jaringan saraf tiruan. Parameter warna yang digunakan terdiri dari model warna Red Green Blue, model warna Hue Saturation Value, model warna Lab parameter bentuk terdiri dari area, perimeter, roundness dan compactness. Berdasarkan analisis diskriminan diperoleh parameter warna mean saturation dan area yang signifikan sebagai input jaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan parameter mean saturation dan area berhasil mengidentifikasi kelas mutu pala ABCD, Rimpel dan BWP dengan akurasi 100%.Kata kunci : Biji pala, mutu, warna, bentuk, analisis diskriminan , jaringan saraf tiruanDiterima: 03 Januari 2012; Disetujui: 29 Maret 2012
Studi Waktu (Time Study) pada Aktivitas Pemanenan Kelapa Sawit di Perkebunan Sari Lembah Subur, Riau
Get PDFABSTRAK Optimasi produktivitas kerja merupakan hal yang diinginkan oleh perusahaan. Produk yang optimum dan berkualitas akan meningkatkan profit perusahaan. Peningkatan produktivitas yaitu dengan metode atau cara kerja, studi terhadap waktu (time study) dan gaji atau upah. Metode atau cara kerja perlu dipelajari agar produktivitas kerja dapat dicapai. Kelelahan kerja dapat dikurangi sehingga waktu yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan suatu produk menjadi semakin singkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan elemen-elemen kerja pada aktivitas pemanenan kelapa sawit berdasarkan pola keseragaman kerja, menentukan waktu baku pada sejumlah elemen kerja yang terlibat dalam aktivitas pemanenan kelapa sawit. Waktu baku untuk mengidentifikasi tandan (Ve) pada topografi teras (T)- lahan kering (K)- ketinggian pohon kurang dari 3 meter (H1) sebesar 3.21detik, Ve pada T-K-ketinggian pohon 3-6 meter (H2) sebesar 2.39 detik, Ve pada topografi flat (F)-K-H1 sebesar 3.45 detik, Ve pada F-K-H2 sebesar 4.59 detik, Ve pada F-lahan basah (B)-H1sebesar 4.27 detik. Waktu baku untuk menyiapkan alat panen (Pr) sebesar 6.45 detik. Waktu baku untuk memotong tandan dan pelepah (Cu) pada T-K-Dodos (D) sebesar 29.86 detik, Cu pada T-K-E1 (egrek) sebesar 38.47 detik, Cu pada T-K-E2 sebesar 57.91 detik, Cu pada F-K-D sebesar 14.19 detik, Cu pada F-K-E1 sebesar 25.88 detik, C F-K-E2 sebesar 21.06 detik, Cu pada F-B-D sebesar 21.13 detik. Waktu baku untuk mencacah dan memindahkan pelepah (Ba) sebesar 9.53 detik. Waktu baku untuk membuang sisa tangkai TBS (Ck) sebesar 1.74 detik. Waktu baku untuk memungut brondolan (Br) pada T-K-H1 sebesar 51.48 detik, Br pada T-K-H2 sebesar 20.32 detik, Br pada F-K-H1 sebesar 37.03 detik, Br pada F-K-H2 sebesar 51.75 detik, Br pada F-B-H1 sebesar 29.67 detik. Waktu baku untuk memuat tandan ke angkong (Lo) sebesar 3.75 detik. Waktu baku untuk perpindahan dengan membawa angkong kosong (UDA) sebesar 9.39 detik, perpindahan dengan membawa tandan (MoT) sebesar 8.68 detik, perpindahan dengan membawa angkong dan tandan (MoAT) sebesar 13.52 detik, dan perpindahan tanpa membawa apapun (UDK) sebesar 15.07 detik. Waktu baku untuk membongkar dan merapihkan tandan di TPH (Un) sebesar 6.56 detik. Waktu baku untuk kelambatan yang dapat dihindarkan (AD) sebesar 10.83 detik. Kata Kunci :Pemanenan, Kelapa Sawit, Waktu Baku ABSTRACT Optimization of work productivity is needed by company. Optimum products will increase the company\u27s profit. Productivity can be improved by method of working, time study, and salary. Working methods need to be studied in order to reduce fatigue of work so the time needed to produce a product becoming decreased. The aim of the research is to determine elements of work on oil palm harvesting activities based on patterns of working time, determination time standard on elements of the work in activity of oil palm harvesting. Research stage in oil palm harvesting activities were introduction, data collecting, data processing, and improvement. Standar time for verify the maturity of fruit (Ve) on terrace topography (T)- dry land (K)-the height of trees 0-3 m (H1) is 3.21 second, Ve on T-K- the height of trees 3-6 m (H2) is 2.39 second, Ve on flat topography (F)-K-H1 is 3.45 second, Ve on F-K-H2 is 4.59 second, Ve on F-wet land (B)-H1 is 4.27 second. Standar time for prepare harvesting tool (Pr) is 6.45 second. Standar time of cutting the fruit and stem of (Cu) on the T-K-D is 29.86 second, Cu on T-K-E1 is 38.47 second, Cu on T-K-E2 is 57.91 second, Cu on F-K-D is 14.19 second, Cu on F-K-E1 is 25.88 second, Cu on F-K-E2 is 21.06 second, Cu on F-B-D is 21.13 second. Standar time for moving the stem (Ba) is 9.53 second. Standar time for cutting the stalks (Ck) is 1.74 second. Standar time picking up the fallen fruits “brondolan” (Br) on T-K-H1 is 51.48 second, Br on T-K-H2 is 20.32 second, Br on F-K-H1 is 37.03 second, Br on F-K-H2 is 51.75 second, Br on F-B-H1 is 29.67 second. Standar time for loading fruit (Lo) is 3.75 second. Standar time for moving by carrying empty “angkong” (UDA) of 9.39 second, moving by carrying fruit (MoT) is 8.68 second, moving by carrying fruits and “angkong” (MoAT) is 13.52 second, moving (UDK) is 15.07 second. Standart time for unloading (Un) is 6.56 second. Standar time for avoidable delay is 10.83 second. Keywords : harvesting, oil palm, standar tim
Kinerja Hidrolika Sistem Fertigasi Mikro
No full textA micro fertigation system was designed using local components, simple and easy to build, operate and repair by farmers. Evaluation of hydraulic performances consists oflong-path size in emitters, relationship between discharge and head in emitter, head loss along the lateral, and emission uniformity. The result of the research indicated that the micro fertigation system with 0,5 mm inside diameter micro-tubing used to control the flow from outlets along laterals. The individual microtube was 0,6 m long and spaced at 0,3 m interval along laterals. The discharge was adjusted by stop valves and ranges from 0,48 -2, 74 ltrs/h at operating heads of 0,2-1,5 m. The emission exponent, x was 0,86, and the head-discharge equation was Qe= 1,94 H0,86. The coefficient of manufacturing variation, CV was 0,043 from 125 samples of emitters, and an interpretation of values was excellent. Accordingly allowable length of lateral (at operation head, H = 1 m) 15 meters of length PVC hose ¼ inch size was acceptable and 25 meters of length PVC hose 5/16 inch size was acceptable. The design of micro fertigation system have emission uniformity, EU > 85% far all treatments. Keywords: micro fertigatian system, hydraulic performance, emission exponent, head loss, emission uniformity Diterima: 6 Agustus 2007; Disetujui: 12 Nopember 200
OSMOSIS – PUFFING SEBAGAI SUATU ALTERNATIF PROSES PENGERINGAN BUAH DAN SAYURAN
No full textAbstract A new method of drying fruits and vegetables, a combination of the osmotic drying with the CO2 puffing process, was carried out in this study. the fruits were soaked in an osmotic media, continued by puffing the product with CO2 gas and then dried using the fluidized bed dryer wich resulted in a product that resembled the volume and shape of a fresh product. The type of osmotic media and concentration, and the soild gain. Also the sample’s tichness had a significant effect on the water loss and solid gain. The best concentration was 50%, and the best media was sucrose. Osmotic-puffing using sugar solution had no significant effect to the ratio of bulk specific volume (BSV) between the osmotic puffing compare to without osmotic. The product treated with the solution of KCI combined with sugar had a lower BSV of puff product compared to the product soaked only with KCI. The concentration of KCI 5% gave the best BSV. The NaCI solution of 5% was also tested for osmotic-puffing dehydration of carrot which resulted in the BSV of 6.8 cm3/g. Keyword: osmotic, pufing, CO
STUDI KASUS PENENTUAN RENDEMEN TEBU DI PABRIK GULA BUMN
No full textABSTRACT Condition of national sugar industry are systematically decreasing. The area, production, and produvtivity of sugarcane have been decreasing within last eight years, while sugar import has been increasing fast. Apropriate strategic plans to improve the above condition are required. Determination of rendemen by sugar mill(PG) is often based on asumption and is not measured correctly and transparently, of witch it becomes a source of conflicts between farmer and PG. This matter decreases the trust of farmer to PG and consequently the farmer is reluctant to plant sugar cane for better production. To overcome comprehensively, this research analyzes mechanism and management of current determination of rendemen. This research analyzes mechanism and management of current determination of rendemen. This study proposes a mechanism to improve rendemen of sugar that might be accepted by all parties. Keyword: rendemen determination, sugar, cane, sugar mill
PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA HAYATI BAGI PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN PANGAN DAN GIZI
No full textAbstract Requirement of food and nutrients in a specified is a determined by the growth of population, avai1ability of agriculture, plantation, animl husbandry and fisheries resources. Sufficient food forconsumption can be calculated bused on sexes, ages and other human conditions. To fulfill food sufficency is also dependent upon non-consumptive use of the resources such as for seed,feed, industry and export. Comsumption of both food and nutrients in Indonesia follows the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) with the approach on the Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP). Goals of and management based on its sustability are necessarily oriented to produce agricultural commodities to meet the requirement of nutrients and food in a balanced condition. Thus, It Is of Interest to optimize bio-resource management with respects to the fulfillment of food and nutrient sufficiency in a localized area. The use of linear programming may give possible by the people living there. This peper Introduces an approach on bio-resouce management with the main concern is to produce diversified foods sustainably. Keyword.: food, nutrients, bio-resource management, linier programmin
Disain dan Uji Teknis Mesin Permanen Padi Semi Mekanis
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendisain, membuat dan menguji coba mesin penanam padi. Tipe mesin yang dirancang adalah mesin ketam lepas (reaper) Semi mekanis.Pembuatan alat dilakukan di bengkel mekanisasi pertanian - IPB, Darmaga, Bogor. Uji Teknis dilakukan pada tiga buah petakan, masing-masing berukuran 2 x 10 m. Lokasi pengujian bertempat di sawah penduduk desa Cikarawang Kecamatan ciomas, Kabupaten Bogor.Dari hasil Pengamatan dan Perhitungan, didapat bahwa kapasitas Lapang mesin lebih baik dan berbeda nyata, dibandingkan dengan pemanenan sabit