Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Studi Ergonomi Pada Penyiapan Lahan Sawah Lebak Menggunakan Alat Tradisional Tajak di Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan Selatan
Get PDFAbstract Traditional local farmers in South Kalimantan conventionally do the field preparation by using a traditional tool named “tajak”. This typical traditional tool is very appropriate for land preparation in marshland field which is enabling to cultivate without raising the pirit (FeS2) layer. However, it is quite difficult, hard and dangerous to operate tajak, and it’s difficult to learn by a novis operator as well. Therefore, ergonomics study will be beneficial to develop more convenient, safe and effective tajak. The result of workload analysis revealed that tajak operation is an “extremey hard” workload, whichs the avarage of IRHR is 2.14. The workload level of tajak operation is indicatively by workload intencity and swing elevation. Regarding the Total energy cost per weight (TEC’) and hours of work (JOK), the tajak operation consumes 5.36 kcal/kg.hour and need 61.07 hour/ha in average. Anthropometri and motion study analysed revealed that the dimentional suitability of tajak tool is strongly related to shoulders and waist heightly, arms length, and hands grips diameter. Based on the result of tajak anthropometri and motion analyses, for better design of tajak’s handle was recommended 75.70 cm. Keywords: tajak, marshland field, ergonomic, work load, motion analysis, anthropometri Abstrak "Tajak" adalah alat yang lazim digunakan untuk penyiapan lahanoleh umumnya petani padi rawa/lebak tradisional di Kalimantan Selatan. Alat ini sangat tepat dan sesuai untuk penyiapan lahan di area sawah lebak (rawa), di mana diperlukan suatu cara pengolahan dan penyiapan lahan yang tidak mengakibatkan naiknya lapisan pirit (FeS2) ke area perakaran tanaman. Cara penggunaan tajak relatif sulit, berat, dan berbahaya, bagi petani yang sudah berpengalaman sekalipun. Terlebih untuk para pemula, pengoperasian tajak sangat sulit dipelajari. Oleh karena itu, studi ergonomi ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk mengembangan desain serta cara penggunaan tajak yang lebih aman, nyaman dan efektif. Hasil analisis beban kerja mengindikasikan bahwa pengoperasian tajak tergolong pekerjaan "luar biasa berat", dengan nilai IRHR rata-rata 2.14. Tingginya tingkat beban kerja (IRHR) tersebut sangat ditentukan oleh dua indikator kerja, yaitu intensitas dan tinggi ayunan tajak. Laju konsusmsi energi kerja tajak adalah 5.36 kkal/jam.kg-bb (kilokalori per jam per berat badan operator), sedangkan rata-rata kebutuhan waktu kerja efektif adalah 61.07 jam/ha. Analisis antropometri dan gerak mengindikasikan bahwa tinggi bahu, tinggi pinggang, panjang lengan dan diameter genggaman tangan merupakan parameter terpenting untuk kesesuaian dimensional tajak terhadap operator penggunanya. Sesuai dengan antropometri petani setempat, panjang tangkai tajak ideal yang direkomendasikan adalah 75.70 cm. Kata kunci: tajak, lahan sawah lebak, ergonomi, beban kerja, analisis gerak, antropometri Diterima; 08 April 2011 ; Disetujui: 09 Agustus 2011
Evaluasi Metode Penman-Monteith Dalam Menduga Laju Evapotranspirasi Standar (ET0) di Dataran Rendah Propinsi Lampung, Indonesia
Get PDFAbstrak Evapotranspirasi adalah unsur utama dalam menghitung kebutuhan air tanaman yang kemudian menjadi dasar dalam penjadualan irigasi. Evapotranspirasi dipengaruhi banyak faktor sehingga pengukurannya secara langsung tidak mudah, karena itu dikembangkan banyak model pendugaan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Salah satu model yang direkomendasikan FAO adalah metode Penman-Monteith (P-M). Untuk mengetahui apakah metode ini tepat juga digunakan di Propinsi Lampung perlu dilakukan pengujian dengan membandingkan hasil pengamatan langsung (2006-2008) yang dilakukan di dua stasiun pengamatan di Lampung yaitu Branti dan Masgar. Hasil pengamatan di Branti rata-rata lebih rendah dari hasil metode P-M pada laju ET > 4 mm, dan lebih tinggi untuk laju ET < 4 mm; sedangkan untuk stasiun Masgar menunjukkan laju ET hasil pengamatan selalu lebih tinggi dari pada hasil perhitungan metode P-M. Hasil metode P-M secara rata-rata 1.09 kali lebih tinggi dari pengamatan Branti dan 0.89 kali lebih rendah dari pengamatan Masgar. Koefisien korelasi antara metode pendugaan dan pengamatan langsung rendah (r= 0.3 untuk Branti dan 0.5 untuk Masgar). Ketidak cocokan ini dapat disebabkan pertama karena ketidak cermatan dalam mengukur penurunan muka air pada panci evaporasi yang terlihat dari rendahnya koefisien korelasi evaporasi pengamatan dengan semua unsur iklim yang berkaitan erat dengan evaporasi (suhu dan kelembaban udara, kecepatan angin dan intensitas radiasi; kedua karena CROPWAT menggunakan data lama penyinaran yang dikonversikan secara linier menjadi intansitas radiasi sedangkan dalam pengamatan langsung hubungan antara lama penyinaran dan intensitas radiasi tidak linier. Kata kunci: irigasi, evapotranspirasi, pendugaan, Penman-Monteith, CROPWAT Abstract Evapotranspiration is an important factor in estimating crops water use and then irigation schedule. Direct measurement of evapotranspiration is difficult since it is influenced by many factors. Estimation methods are developed for estimating evapotranspiration rate from meteorological data. One method which is recommended by FAO is Penman-Monteith Method (P-M). To evaluate whether this method could be accurately used in Lampung a comparison had been conducted with evaporation measurement on two climate stations in Lampung, Branti and Masgar with data set from 2006-2008. The result for Branti showed that observation data was lower than P-M for ET > 4 mm and higher for ET <4; while for Masgar evaporation observation always higher than P-M. In general P-M was 1.09 times higher than observation in Branti and 0.89 lower in Masgar. Correlation coefficients between P-M and observation were low (r = 0.3 for Branti and r= 0.5 for Masgar). Two possible reasons for the disagrrement were first, there was an error in measuring water level on the evaporation pan, this showed by the fact that observed evaporation has low coefficient correlation with all meteorological data which have direct impact on evaporation (air temperature and humidity, wind speed and radiation); second, CROPWAT converted shunshine duration to be the radiation intensity with linear approach while field data showed that sunshine duration did not relate linearly with radiation intensity. Key words: Irrigation, evapotranspiration, estimation, Penmann-Monteith, CROPWA
Konsep Ecohouse pada Rumah Baduy Dalam
Get PDFAbstract Environment quality is worsening every year; building’s sector contributes 66 % of fossil fuels pollution sources. Ways in building constructions needs to be changed in more environmental friendly manner. Today, in spite of new technological advances in techniques and materials, buildings are continuously being built but lack of climatic consideration. Indigenous people, such as the Inner Baduy community, from longstanding experience have developed systems as their local wisdoms adapting to its environment and buildings in a sustainable manner. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of traditional knowledge in terms of providing environmental friendly buildings and the existence of documentation as a knowledge base of an Indonesian traditional settlement in a hot humid climate’s mode. The study results are reconstructions on, building design will be presented in technical drawings and drawn with Sketch up computer program. Keywords: Baduy, design, ecohouse, local wisdom Abstrak Sektor bangunan menyumbang 66% dari sumber polusi bahan bakar fosil yang akan berdampak pada memburuknya kualitas lingkungan. Teknik konstruksi bangunan perlu diubah dengan cara yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Meskipun kemajuan dalam teknologi pembangunan berkembang pesat, dan bangunan yang terus menerus dibangun akan tetapi dalam penggunaan teknik dan material bangunan tidak mempertimbangkan kerusakan iklim yang ditimbulkan. Masyarakat adat, seperti masyarakat Baduy Dalam telah berpengalaman sejak lama dalam konservasi lingkungan yang dilaksanakan sebagai kearifan lokal mereka termasuk dalam pembangunan konstruksi rumah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mengevaluasi dan mendapatkan pengetahuan dalam bangunan tradisional dan 2) Mendokumentasikan konsep bangunan tradisional Indonesia sebagai dasar dalam pembangunan pada wilayah beriklim panas lembab. Hasil penelitian ini bangunan di Baduy Dalam merupakan bangunan yang berkelanjutan. Bangunan ini direkonstruksi dan disajikan dalam gambar teknik yang digambar dengan program komputer Sketchup 2008. Kata Kunci: Baduy Dalam, konstruksi eco-house, kearifan lokal Diterima: 21 April 2011; Disetujui: 16 Agustus 2011
Simulasi Penggunaan Lahan Untuk Kelestarian Bendung Bila pada Sub Das Bila Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan
No full textThe optimal land use system in Bila sub-watershed is the land use system that can give erosion contribution rate below or minimally equal to the Tolerable Soil Loss (TSL) value of Bila sub-watershed soil. The erosion factors are determined by parameter : R (rain erosivity), K (soil erodibility),: LS (topography), C (land coverage), and P (land conservation). Each parameter is overlaid, than it is evaluated in each land unit in Bila sub-watershed. The acquired data is processed by using Geographic Information System (GIS) supported with Arc View program and Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel softwares. The qualified erosion and sediment rate values obtained from simulation result which is meet the standard for erosion and sediment control and management in Bila sub-watershed area and Bi/a weir were 10,597 tonnes/ha/yearand 50,864 m3/km2/year respectively. Keywords: ---Diterima: 3 Oktober 2007; Disetujui: 25 Pebruari 200
Perancangan dan Konstruksi Mesin Sortasi dan Pemutuan Buah Jeruk dengan Sensor Kamera CCD
No full textCitrus is one of important fruits in Indonesia and its production increases every year. However, postharvest equipment for citrus is very limited, leading to low postharvest technology utilization. The objective of this research was to develop a real-time quality evaluation system using a color CCO camera, to be used as an image sensor and processing unit for quality evaluation of the citrus from acquired image. The system consists of a color CGO camera, a computer with an image frame grabber, an image acquisition chamber, a logic control panel, and a software to run all the installed hardware Some important parameters of visual quality of citrus were studied. Five groups of different quality of citrus, obtained from a big trader in Pasar Induk Kramatjati, were used for samples. The images were captured and then analyzed with image processing program using area projectio and RGB and HSI color model algorithms, for the fruit size and color respectively. The results were analyzed to determine whether there were parameters that correlates with weight, sweetness and firmness, to be used for quality evaluation. Visual parameters that figures the real quality of citrus best were then selected to be used for quality parameters to develop a real-time quality evaluation system for citrus in the next step.Keywords: image processing, sortasi, pemutuan, otomatis Diterima: 15 Oktober 2007; Disetujui: 18 Pebruari 200
Pengaruh Ketinggian Pemangkasan Dengan Mesin Potrum Srt-03 Terhadap Torsi Pemangkasan Rumput Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon) Tiff Way 146
No full textRotary mower is one of mowing tools commonly used to maintain lawn or turfgrass. Mowing height and mowing torque are important factors that should be taken into account in sustaining grass quality and designing a rotary mower. The study was addressed to recognize the influence ofmowing height to required mowing torque. The mowing torque was measured at mowing height of 2, 3 and 4 em. Measurement of mowing torque in the field was done by using a specially designed turfgrass mowing apparatus that representing rotary mowing mechanism. The apparatus was equipped with torque measurement system. The average measured torque was used to calculate the power requirement of mowing. The needs of maximum and minimum mowing torque to mow turfgrass for all mowing height were 0,68 Nm and 0,05 Nm. The average of mowing torque were 0,51 Nm, 0,24 Nm, and 0,08 Nm, at mowing height of 2, 3 and 4 em respectively. The maximum and minimum power that required for all mowing height was 196,4 watt and 14,4 watt.Keywords: mowing, rotary mower, turfgrass.Diterirna: 4 Februari 2008; Disefujui: 2 Juni 200
PENGGUNAAN PERSAMAAN HIPERBOLOID UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI STRUKTUR GEOMETRI BAJAK SINGKAL
No full textAbstract Various geometric structures of moldboard ploughs need to be identified since there have been confusing uses of European and Asian Ploughs in cultivating lowland fields: the European one that was constructed for tillage of upland soil prior to destruct impervious soil layers in root zones has been frequently applied in wetland paddyufields. It leads to frequently disturbances of the formation of hardpan layer structures required for an ideal wetland paddy field that should be formed within a soil depth of 20-40 cm. The research observed three types of moldboard ploughs dominantly operated in wetland paddy filds: a wood (Lanyam), a wood-iron (Brujul) and an iron/steel ploughs. Research method employed a descriptive explanatory one to identify the geometric stucture of the ploughs based on hyperboloid equation: ´2/a2 + Y2/b2-Z2/c2= 1. The plough identity was determined by ratio values amongst the constans a, b and c of the equation, i,e.; R1 = a/b R2 = a/c, and R3 = b/c, where the respective constants were caculated according to the positions of a numbers of coordinate points on the moldboards projected in the Cartesian coordinate system. Results of identification showed thaht the values of R1, R2 and R3 could indicate the identity of the ploughs where Lanyam and Brujul were categorized into the types of Asian ploughs where Lanyam and Brujul were categorized into the types of Asian ploughs by their R1 and R2 < 1 and R3 1, so their operation on wetland paddy fields were reasonable. Whereas the iron/steel one was categorized into the type of European ploughs by R1 and R2 > 1 R3 << 1. They should not be recommended to be operated on wetland paddy fields. Keyword: Asian & European moldboard ploughs, hyperboloid equation, constant ratios of hyperboloid equation
ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE ESTIMATION OF CUMULATIVE INFILTRATION SOIL USING GREEN AND AMPT MODEL
No full textABSTRACT Green and Ampt infiltration model is still useful for the infiltration process because of a clear physical basis of the model and of the existence of the model parameter values for a wide range of soil. The objective of thise study was to analyze error on the esimation of cumulative infiltration in sooil using Green and Ampt model and to design laboratory experiment in measuring cumulative infiltration. Parameter of the model was determined based on soil physical properties from laboratory experiment. Newton –Raphson method was esed to estimate wetting front during calculation using visual Basic for Application (VBA) in MS Word. The result showed that Dq contributed the highest error in estimation of cumulative infiltration and was followed by K, H0, H1, and t respectively. It also showed that the calculated cumulative infiltration is always lower than both measured cumulative infiltration and volumetric soil water content. Keyword: Green and Ampt, cumulative infiltration, wetting front, VB Application
Land Suitability System of Food Crops using Quick Basic
Get PDFIhe research was done to design computer sojiware for land suitability identification offood crops, i.e.: wetland rice, upland rice, maize, soybean, phaseolus bean, sweet potato, cassava, white potato, and cocoyam/taro using Quick BASIC.After having user input the data of certain physical characteristics of the land, the system examined the program and then the system was capable to give the rank of the crops with certain score. The crop with the biggest score is the most suitable crop for that land
Deteksi Ujung Biji Ginko Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Berbasis Analisis Morfologi
Get PDFAbstrak Biji ginkgo harus dibuka untuk diambil dan dimanfaatkan isinya yang lunak. Untuk membuka pelindung daging biji yang keras, orientasi biji harus diketahui, karena biji lebih mudah terbuka pada ujungnya, sedangkan bagian pangkalnya cenderung tetap menyatu. Bila orientasi tidak tepat, maka akan dibutuhkan gaya tekan yang jauh lebih besar untuk membukanya, sehingga seringkali daging biji ikut rusak terkena gaya tekan yang berlebihan. Program pengolahan citra dibuat dan digunakan untuk melakukan deteksi bagian ujung dari biji ginkgo. Hasil deteksi bagian ujung biji menggunakan algoritma berdasarkan analisis morfologi masing-masing 100% untuk Kinbei, 85% untuk Kyujyu, dan 65% untuk Tokuro. Operasi morfologi dilakukan untuk memperbaiki bentuk biji pada citra biner sehingga kemampuan deteksi ujung biji dapat ditingkatkan. Hasil deteksi bagian ujung biji setelah operasi perbaikan bentuk dilakukan masing-masing meningkat menjadi 100% untuk Kyujyu dan 85% untuk Tokuro, sedangkan Kinbei tidak terpengaruh, tetap 100%. Kata Kunci: biji ginkgo, deteksi ujung biji, pengolahan citra, morfologi analisis Abstract Ginkgo nut has to be cracked to obtain its soft and usefull meat for utilization. To crack the hard shell, nut orientation is important to know because the nut is easier to crack at front side or tip or tip part, while the back side is usially remain uncracked. Wrong orientation will need more power to crack the nut and damage to soft meat might be occur due to exessive power. Image processing program was developed and used to detect tip part of the nut. The results of tip detection based on morphological analysis algorithm are 100% for Kinbei, 85% for Kyujyu, and 65% for Tokuro. To improve detection performance, Mhorpological Operation Were are 100% for Kyujyu and 85% for Tokuro, While for Tokuro is remain unffected, 100% detected. Keyword: gingko nut, tip detection, image processing, morphology analysis Diterima: 24 Desember 2012; Disetujui: 25 Maret 2013