Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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OPTIMALISASI DIVERSIFIKASI PANGAN
No full textABSTRAK Makalah ini Mengetengahkan suatu pendekatan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan pangan berdasarkan pada pemenuhan kecukupan gizi yang seimbang. Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG 2004) menjadi pegangan dalam menghitung kebutuhan asupan energi harian per kapita yang bersumber dari Gizi Mikro, Yaitu Karbohidrat, Lemak dan Protein. Komposisi ketiga Gizi Mikro yang seimbang merupakan kendala yang harus dipenuhi dalam Optimalisasi ini. Demikian pula, ketersediaan bahan pangan diperhitungkan sebagai kendala penting lainnya. Di sini, bahan pangan dikelompokan atas Beras, Jagung, Umbi-umbian, Biji-bijian, Daging, Telur, Susu, Ikan, Sayuran, Buah-buahan dan Minyak. Dalam Optimalisasi digunakan Metode Pemograman Linier. Hasil Optimalisasi menunjukan bahwa ketersediaan bahan pangan sampai saat ini masih jauh untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi yang seimbang walaupun produksi bahan pangan yang sudah melebihi kebutuhan. Hasil Optimalisasi ini juga memberikan gambaran bahwa produksi Beras, Jagung, Umbi-umbian, Ikan dan Sayuran pada tahun 2005 sudah mencukupi bahkan sampai tahun 2015. Sebaliknya, produksi bahan pangan yang lainnya untuk tahun 2005 saja masih kurang mencukupi. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar supaya peningkatan produksi pertanian lebih difokuskan pada Biji-bijian, Daging, Telur, Susu, Buah-buahan dan Minyak. Optimalisasi dapat dipakai sebagai alat bantu dalam perencanaan dan implementasi pengembangan pertanian baik dalam skala nasioanal maupun daerah. Kata Kunci: Ketahanan pangan, kecukupan dan keseimbangan gizi, diversifikasi pangan, optimalisasi, pemograman linier. Diterima: 24 Agustus 2006; Disetujui: 14 September 200
Perubahan Pola Penyebaran Kadar Air Media Tanam Arang Sekam dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) pada Pemberian Air Secara Terus Menerus dengan Irigasi Tetes
No full textDrip/trikle irrigation is an irrigation method, which gives high efficiency, high effectivity and assuraes high productivity/yield. This method, is often used for hortivulture and vegetable. The objectives of this research is to study the effect of drip irrigation by continuous water application using 1 and 2 emitters on water distribution and crop growth.The result show that irrigation water by using 2 emitter was spread horizontally more, gave taller crops and more leaves that that using 1 emitter. In general, the effect of continuous water application was beter than intermittent water application
Desain Tungku Biomassa pada Sistem Pengering Erk-Hibrid untuk Pengeringan Benih Jarak Pagar
Get PDFAbstract This research was designing a unit of biomass stove which was rising heat used on greenhouse effect dryer system. The heat of drying system then utilized to dry seed with a certain Celsius degree; average of 40 oC and constantly due to effect of temperature controller. The result of the designed system indicated that level of castor oil plant drying temperature was 38 - 41 oC. The stove’s efficiency to the heat exchanger had 74.0 % and the efficiency of heat exchanger to the drying system had 57,3 %. The viability testing of castor oil plant seed which had been drying yield 90 % growing showed the ability to reduce dormant. Another treatment of the seed to remain into water for 6 hours before planted is not suggested.Keywords: Stove, dryer, seed, dormant, castor oil plantDiterima: 24 Juli 2009; Disetujui: 25 Januari 201
Strawberry is a commercial fruit. It’s Growth and quality is influenced by soil condition, climate, and its self. Irrigation influences soil characteristic, such as: physical, chemical, and microbiological than influence an environment of its growth. this research used drip irrigation method with debit variation and organic matter composition. RCBD was used in this research. Variation of irrigation debit and organic matter composition are the independent variables, whereas dependent variables are C-Organic, N-available, characteristic of soil, and quality of strawberry fruit. Variation of debit irrigation did not significant influence to C-Organic, whereas organic matter composition had significant influence to C-Organic in 63th, 84th, and 105th day of planting. The highest C-Organic content on D3P3 treatment that is 17.92% and the lowest on D2P2 treatment that is 5.19%. Debit of irrigation influence to N-available content in 105th day of planting. The highest N-available content in D3P1 treatment that is 0.88 ppm, whereas the lowest N-available content in D2P3 treatment that is 0.67 ppm. Result of analysis, debit irrigation had significant influence and could increase fruit weight and reduction sugar-content. Organic matter composition had significant influence to increase fruit weight, vitamin C, total of soluble-solid, and reduction sugar-content. Combination of irrigation debit and organic matter composition had significant influence to fruit weight. In the treatment, debit ofirrigation that make good influence to fruit quality is 300 ml/day/polybag and 1:2 ratio of organic matter composition.Keywords: drip irrigation, organic matter, strawberryDiterima: 16 September 2008; Disetujui: 25 Pebruari 2009
No full textStrawberry is a commercial fruit. It’s Growth and quality is influenced by soil condition, climate, and its self. Irrigation influences soil characteristic, such as: physical, chemical, and microbiological than influence an environment of its growth. this research used drip irrigation method with debit variation and organic matter composition. RCBD was used in this research. Variation of irrigation debit and organic matter composition are the independent variables, whereas dependent variables are C-Organic, N-available, characteristic of soil, and quality of strawberry fruit. Variation of debit irrigation did not significant influence to C-Organic, whereas organic matter composition had significant influence to C-Organic in 63th, 84th, and 105th day of planting. The highest C-Organic content on D3P3 treatment that is 17.92% and the lowest on D2P2 treatment that is 5.19%. Debit of irrigation influence to N-available content in 105th day of planting. The highest N-available content in D3P1 treatment that is 0.88 ppm, whereas the lowest N-available content in D2P3 treatment that is 0.67 ppm. Result of analysis, debit irrigation had significant influence and could increase fruit weight and reduction sugar-content. Organic matter composition had significant influence to increase fruit weight, vitamin C, total of soluble-solid, and reduction sugar-content. Combination of irrigation debit and organic matter composition had significant influence to fruit weight. In the treatment, debit ofirrigation that make good influence to fruit quality is 300 ml/day/polybag and 1:2 ratio of organic matter composition.Keywords: drip irrigation, organic matter, strawberryDiterima: 16 September 2008; Disetujui: 25 Pebruari 200
Optimasi Konsentrasi Pelilinan dan Suhu Penyimpanan Buah Manggis dengan Menggunakan Metode Respon Surface
No full textPost-harvest handling is less precise cause of most of mangosteen can not be maintained quality afterharvest. This research is expected to give information a waxing combination and the optimum temperatureto maintain the quality of mangosteen. Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to create a mathematicalmodel of the influence of temperature and waxing concentration combined treatment. The experimentwas done using the CCD (Central Composite Design) with storage temperature treatment (X1) 6OC, 8OC,13OC, 18OC, 20OC and waxing concentration (X2) 4%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 11%. Quality response that wereobserved were the firmness and total soluble solid (TSS) value.The results showed that of the two qualityparameters, TSS is the best response for analysis using RSM with R2 values of 69.3% and lack of fit for0.093. Mathematical model influence of temperature and waxing TSS response is Y = 16.4600 - 0.9268X1- 0.0561X2 + ε. The model produce the plot surface shaped saddle point with optimum value at 18OCstorage temperature and wax concentration of 7.5%, meaning that in those circumstances the changes inTSS value is minimum during self life.Keywords: mangosteen,response surface method, waxing and storage temperatureDiterima: 26 Maret 2009; Disetujui: 28 Agustus 200
Sieving Effect of Sorting Machine with Vibration Table Type on Cacao Pod Based Compost
No full textCacao pod is the biggest part (70% of weight) of Cacao, which was not optimaly utilized.Cacao podis one of organic material that can be functioned as an organic fertilizer, such as compost. When utilizedwith right proportion, organic fertilizer is safe for plants and not degrades the soil composition. Compostingprocess is one of utilization form of Cacao pod. The size reduction of cacao pod in the organic fertilizerprocess would help to accelerate the composting process. Smaller particle size would faster interacting withenvironment, so the composting process would be well accelerated if compared to the material with biggersize. Chopping machine of Cacao pod is used to cut the biomass to be small particle in order to be able tobe utilized as some important necessity, i.e. fertilizer or farm animals feed. However, Varies compost sizewas one of the problems faced in the composting process. Therefore, the sorting process was needed tobe done after chopping process, so the compost size became uniform and fulfill the user demand. Thisresearch was aimed at knowing the slope effect of sorting machine and rotation speed (RPM). The methodused in analyzing the results of this research was comparing the treatment factors, which are shown withhistogram. As the super small size of compost recommended for applying in the fertilizing process, so theoptimum treatment combination for having high mass fraction of SS compost grade was achieved at 12oslope of sieve table and 1400 RPM motor rotation speed. As bigger the particle densities of the compostsize as smaller the compost porosity. Mass loss was very low at all treatment combination with the valuearound 0.43-1.33%, so the sieving efficiency can be said very high.Keywords : vibration table type, slope of sieve table, motor speed rotation (RPM)Diterima: 24 Maret 2009; Disetujui: 16 September 200
Analisis Dimensi Fraktal untuk Identifikasi Tanaman dengan Pendekatan Pemrosesan Citra Secara Paralel
Get PDFAbstract The use of camera vision and real-time computation as plant identification tool has become an active research. Application of both methods can not be separated from a pretension that the computation must produce correct results within the specified time interval where the truth of the calculation depends not only on logical truth but also on the time in which results are produced. The purpose of this study is to identify plants with fractal dimension analysis and the application of parallel computing. Fractal dimension analysis results showed that each plant has a typical Fractal dimension value. Filtration process with a small window size is accompanied by the use of multiple processors indicates that the image processing in parallel show results much faster than processing with a single processor.Keywords: camera vision, fractal dimension analisys, filtration, parallel computing Diterima: 24 Mei 2010; Disetujui: 13 September 2010
Pengeringan Lapis Tipis Biji Jagung dengan Alat Pengering Sistem Fluidasi
Get PDFAbstract The objective of this study are to analyze the drying characteristics of corn, and then determine the thin layer drying models which represents the characteristics of thin layer drying of corn seed. This experiment were conducted using a laboratory scale fluidized bed dryer. The drying condition was controlled at four-level temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C and at air velocity of 2.2 m /s. Characteristics of corn drying in this study indicate that only occurs the drying rate decreased which decreased continuously with decreasing moisture content to near equilibrium moisture content (drying after 2 hours). Two thin layer drying models, namely Henderson-Pabis Model and Page Model were fitted to the experimental data. The results show that the Page model is a best fits model which represents the driying characteristics of thin layer drying of corn seed. Keywords : Drying; Corn seed; Thin Layer Drying Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengeringan jagung, dan menentukan model pengeringan lapisan tipis yang sesuai dengan karakteristik pengeringan lapisan tipis biji jagung. Penelitian berlangsung dengan mengeringkan biji jagung dalam alat pengering sistem fluidasi untuk empat level suhu pengeringan yang berbeda yaitu 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C dan 70 °C pada kecepatan 2,2 m/s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya terjadi laju pengeringan menurun yang diawali dengan pengeringan menurun tajam dan kemudian menurun secara perlahan sampai mendekati kadar air keseimbangan (pengeringan setelah 2 jam). Pola ini semakin terlihat jelas pada suhu pengeringan di atas 50 °C. Dua model pengeringan lapisan tipis yaitu Model Henderson-Pabis dan Model Page diuji dengan mengkorelasikan model yang sesuai dengan data hasil ekperimen. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Model Page merupakan model yang paling sesuai dengan karakteristik pengeringan lapisan tipis biji jagung. Kata Kunci : Pengeringan, Biji jagung, Lapisan Tipis Diterima: 11 November 2010; Disetujui: 21 Maret 2011
Analisis Iklim Mikro Kandang Domba Garut Sistem Tertutup Milik Fakultas Peternakan IPB
Get PDFAbstracts Microclimate condition of cage affecting the growth of livestocks. Livestocks will be able to develop and grow optimally in a good cage condition. Cages indoor or microclimate should be comfort and fit for livestock growth and functioned as a protector from environment influences. A good microclimate condition is influenced by air temperature, moisture content, velocity of air flow, and intensity of light. This study aims to analyze the distribution of temperature, humidity, wind speed and patterns inside the Garut sheep’s cage. Datas are collected on Faculty of Animal Husbandry IPB’s Garut sheep fattening cages. Datas including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation were taken three days from 07:00 pm until 15:00 pm and analyzed using microsof exel program. The study results showed that the highest indoor cage temperature is 33.330C at 12.00 pm., with relative humidity 73,33% and wind speed 0,38 m / sec. This condition is not optimal enough for Garut sheeps’s growth. Keywords : animal cage, Garut sheep, micro climate. Abstrak Kondisi kandang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ternak. Ternak akan mampu berkembang dan tumbuh secara optimal dalam kondisi kandang yang baik. Kandang yang baik harus sesuai bagi pertumbuhan ternak antara lain kenyamanan, naungan serta perlindungan dari pengaruh lingkungan. Kondisi kandang yang baik sangat dipengaruhi oleh suhu udara, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, dan intensitas cahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan angin dan pola aliran udara di dalam kandang. Pengambilan data dilakukan di kandang penggemukan domba Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Data yang diambil meliputi suhu, RH, kecepatan angin, dan radiasi matahari. Pengukuran dilakukan mulai pukul 07.00 WIB sampai pukul 15.00 WIB. Setelah itu, data hasil pengukuran dianalisis dan dibandingkan dengan standard . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu tertinggi di dalam kandang adalah 33,33 0C pada pukul 12.00 WIB. Dengan kelembaban relatif 73,33 % dan kecepatan angin 0,38 m/detik. Kondisi ini belum optimal bagi pertumbuhan domba Garut. Kata kunci : Domba Garut, iklim mikro, kandang penggemukan.Diteriam: 14 September 2010; Disetujui: 15 Februari 2011
Rancang Bangun Alat Pengering Klanting Tipe Rak dengan Sumber Panas Kompor Listrik
Get PDFAbstract Klanting is a cassava products that one of special food from Banyumas residence besides Gethuk goreng and Mendoan. Problem from produced of klanting is in drying process of raw material. IKM in Banyumas residence still has been using a conventional method. It use sunshine to dry the product, so it make capacities of klanting production became decrease in rainy season. Aims of the research were: (1) to design the rack dryer equipment for klanting with heat source from electric-stove, (2) to study performance of the equipment. This research used three steps, the steps were: (1) design of dryer equipment, include: functional and structural design, (2) dryer equipment manufacturing, and (3) performance test of dryer equipment include: functional test, reliability test, test without burden and test with burden. Design and manufacture of the equipment was processed in Agricultural Mechanization laboratory, Agricultural Faculty, Jendral Soedirman University. Furthermore, it was tested in UKM Sari Murni, Tamansari village, District Of Karanglewas, Banyumas residence. Result of the research showed that as a functional and structural design it is can operate with dimensions are, length 144 cm, wide 80 cm, and high 100 cm. At performances test without burden showed that the lowest draining in 370C, highest 470C, air stream at inlet equal 6.24x10-2m3/s, air stream exhaust 0.36x10- 2m3/s, while amount energy the required is 0.945 kW. The result of performances test with burden showed that total dryer capacities are 15.00 kg with mean capacities equal to 1.501 kg, lowest temperature in 310C, while highest temperature in 380C, air stream at inlet equal is 6.24x10-2 m3/s, air stream exhaust is 0.224x10-2 m3/s, while amount of energy required to dry klanting is 2.52 kW. Whereas water content of klanting dried by appliance is 28.21%bb or 39.52% bk from water content initial 56.15%bb. Keywords: klanting, rack dryer, electric stove Diterima: 9 November 2009; Disetujui: 16 Maret 2010