Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Evaluasi Kinerja Tarik Taktor Tangan Dengan Bahan Bakar Minyak Kelapa Murni
No full textAbstract Past research shown that coconut oil can be used directly in Diesel engine by adding a heating element in the fuel delivery system. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a hand tractor pull using pure coconut oil fuel. The Diesel engine of the tractor was equipped with a fuel heater installed on the mufler. Traction performance parameters tested were wheel slippage, drawbar pull, forward speed and drawbar power on the path of concrete and soil. Besides, the tractor was also tested on plowing using a moldboard plow. The test results on the concrete track showed that the maximum drawbar pull was 1.21 kN generated at a speed of 0.92 m/s, with a maximum drawbar power of 1.21 kW at the wheel slip of 10.87%. While the drawbar pull on the soil track was 1.37 kN at a speed of 0.79 m/s, with a maximum value of 0.71 kW drawbar power when wheels slip 22.25%. The results of tillage test showed that field efficiency was 84.66%, which was not much different from the test result using Diesel fuel. Keywords: fuel heater, Diesel engine, pure coconut oil, drawbar pull performance Diterima: 8 Desember 2009; Disetujui: 16 Maret 201
Performance Evaluation of Rotating Cylinder Type Coffee Bean Roaster
Get PDFAbstract One strategy attempts to reduce dependence on primary commodity markets are overseas market expansion and development of secondary products. In the secondary product processing coffee beans is required of supporting equipment to facilitate these efforts. Research Center for Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa has developed coffee bean roaster. However, there are still many people who do not know about the technical aspects of roaster machine type of rotating cylinder so that more people use traditional ways to roast coffee beans. In order for the benefits of this machine is better known society it is necessary to study on the technical aspects. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the technical performance of the coffee beans roaster machine type of rotating cylinder. These include the technical aspects of work capacity of the machine, roasting technical efficiency, fuel requirements, and power requirements of using roaster machine. Research methods are including data collection, calculation and analysis. The results showed that the roaster machine type of a rotating cylinder has capacity of 12.3 kg/hour. Roasting efficiency is 80%. Fuel consumption is 0.6 kg. The calculated amount of the used power of current measurement is the average of 0.616 kW. Keywords: coffee beans, roasting, performance Diterima: 21 Oktober 2009; Disetujui: 8 Januari 201
A Simple Refining Technique of Coconut Oil for Small Holder Industries
No full textA simple refining equipment and process for small holder industries of edible coconut oil has beeninvestigated. The equipment consisted of 20-L filtering and NaOH neutralization bottles. Filtration wasintended to remove impurities such as gums and pigment, while neutralization was to remove free fattyacids (FFA) and other non-fat materials. In the experiment, the crude coconut oil was found to have impurityof 0.16%, FFA of 8.02%, saponification number of 270, and water content of 0.33%. The results showed thateither granular activated carbon (GAC) or zeolite filtration can be chosen individually to remove physicalimpurity. The GAC or zeolite-filtered coconut oil contained impurity less than the SNI standard of 0.05%.In term of FFA; however, the NaOH neutralized coconut oil did not meet the SNI standard of 0.3%. AfterNaOH neutralization, the GAC filtered oil contained 1.20% FFA; while the zeolite filtered oil contained1.32%. These FFA contents were definitely higher than the SNI standard, but could satisfy APCC standardfor grade IV coconut oil which is 5%. The refined coconut oils could also satisfy the SNI standard ofsaponification number which is 196 – 206 at minimum. In term of water content, either the filtered or theneutralized oil could also satisfy the SNI standard of 0.3%. In short, the proposed technique could helpfarmers refine their raw coconut oil, and hopefully improve its marketability.Keywords : retining, coconut oil, small holder industryDiterima: 21 Oktober 2008; Disetujui: 18 Maret 200
Ultrasonic Wave Characteristics of Arumanis Mangoes And Damage Arumanis Mangoes By Fruit Fly
No full textThe objective of this research was to study the ultrasonic wave characteristic at arumanis mangoesdamage caused by fruit fly. The ultrasonic characteristics that was used to sort the damaged mangoes fromthe normal mangoes were attenuation, velocity and moment zero power (Mo) number. Results showed thatmean attenuation coefficient of normal arumanis mangoes was 36.45 Np/m, mean velocity of ultrasonicwave was 518.19 m/s and Mo number was 4.58. The mean attenuation coefficient arumanis mangoeswhich damaged by fruit fly was 30.67 Np/m, mean velocity of ultrasonic wave was 731.72 m/s and Monumber was 6.40. Relation between the ultrasonic wave characteristic with arumanis mangoes damagecaused by fruit fly showed that attenuation coefficient of arumanis mangoes was increase but damagearumanis mangoes level was decrease, while Mo number was increase in parallel with increase of damagearumanis mangoes level. The ultrasonic wave velocities of arumanis mangoes didn’t show clear correlationwith damage arumanis mangoes level, as shown by from value of r2=0.01. Larva weight of inversely tovalue of attenuation coefficient, correlation of logarithm value r2=0.94. Correlation value of larva weight Mowith number was r2=0.38.Keyword : ultrasonic wave, arumanis mangoes, fruit fly, attenuation coefficient, Mo numberDiterima: 13 Maret 2008; Disetujui: 27 Oktober 200
Urban Water Demand on Interbasin Water Resources Management System
No full textCidanau watershed in West of Java has 22,620 ha; it provides water for other basin in the largestindustrial city of Cilegon. To have future condition of water supply and demand for Cidanau and Cilegonregion model was developed expressing water supply from Cidanau built by tank model with some landuses related parameters. Water supply from Cidanau watershed depends on land use and water systemin the watershed. The rest of water flow to the downstream and be utilized to the Cilegon city by Cinangkapump station and calculated based on the water use of industrial and domestic. To maintain and increasethe availability of water, it is necessary to change some land uses into forest and install better water supplysystem with higher efficiencies. Water availability of runoff under existing condition as Scenario 1 is onlysufficient until before the year 2018. Scenario 2 with the land use to be change as 50% of the mixedagricultural dry land system into forest area and 50% garden into rice field, water availability will be sufficientuntil more than 2018. If Scenario 2 was used together with Scenario 3 having better efficient technology,water supply will be sufficient until more than the year 2025.Keywords : water supply, water demand, urban, interbasin, system dynamicsDiterima: 7 Januari 2009; Disetujui: 14 Juli 200
Aplikasi Pengukuran Tahanan Tanah Terhadap Penekanan Plat Dalam Penentuan Parameter Desain Roda Besi Bersirip
No full textPlat penetration resistance on paddy soil was measured for determination of a lug wheel designparameters. A penetrometer equipped with plat tips (three plat sizes) was used for soil penetrationmeasurement at 30o, 45o, 60o, 75o and 90o penetratiron angle, at the depth of 2.5 cm, 5 cm, 7.5 cm, 10 cm,12.5 cm, 15 cm, 17.5 cm dan 20 cm. The results showed that using plat inclination angle of 45o, producedhighest horizontal and vertical soil reaction forces. In the paddy soil with a deeper mud layer condition,soil reaction forces tended to significantly increase at 0-10 cm depth and at 15-20 cm depth. The soilreaction force at 15-20 cm depth at 90o penetration angle was 60 kPa. For the location, the optimum lugwheel design parameters were: 14 lugs, 8 cm lug height, 35 cm lug width, and 85 cm wheel diameter. Fora shallower mud layer paddy soil, the soil resistance significantly increased at 6-20 cm depth. Penetrationresistance at 15-20 cm depth at 90o penetration angle was higher than 90 kPa. The optimum lug wheeldesign parameters were: 14 lugs, 10 cm lug height, 35 cm lug width, and 85 cm wheel diameter.Keywords : paddy soil, plat penetration, soil resistance, lug wheel, designDiterima: 25 Pebruari 2009; Disetujui: 12 Juni 200
Identifikasi Kematangan Buah Tropika Berbasis Sistem Penciuman Elektronik Menggunakan Deret Sensor Gas Semikonduktor Dengan Metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan
Get PDFAbstract The research aimed to design the systems of tropical fruit maturity identification based on electronic nose using Array SnO2 semiconductor gas sensor. The research utilized five TGS sensors, namely TGS2600, TGS2602, TGS813, TGS2611, and TGS2612. The array sensor outputs are acquired by personal computer through interface unit based on microcontroller Atmega 8535. The acquisitions are made every 0.5 seconds for a minute for each sensor output. Then, it was determined the average sensor output as an input for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which used Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) architecture with three layers. ANN Training applied Backpropagation algorithm. The results showed the sensor output responses vary by the level of maturity of fruit. The obtained training yielded the architecture of ANN for the fruit maturity identification system were 5 inputs and 4 outputs with a number of hidden layer neurons for oranges and strawberries was 16 while for tomatoes was 32. The identification application showed that the successful identification percentage of orange was 93.75%, 75% of strawberries, and 81.25% of tomatoes. Overall success rate of detecting the level of maturity of fruit (oranges, strawberries, and tomatoes) was 83.33%. Keywords: E-nose system, TGS sensor, fruit maturity, ANN application Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan merancang bangun sistem identifikasi kematangan buah tropika berbasis penciuman elektronik (e-nose) menggunakan deret sensor gas semikonduktor SnO2 menggunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan. Dalam penelitian digunakan deret 5 sensor seri TGS: TGS2600, TGS2602, TGS813, TGS2611, dan TGS2612. Deret sensor diakuisisi dalam komputer melalui unit antarmuka berbasis mukrokontroler Atmega 8535. Akuisisi dilakukan dalam 1 menit tiap 0.5 detik sehingga diperoleh 120 data untuk tiap keluaran sensor. Ditentukan rata-rata keluaran sensor sebagai masukan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST). Arsitektur JST menggunakan Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) dengan 3 lapis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respon keluaran sensor berbeda-beda untuk tiap tingkat kematangan buah. Pelatihan JST menggunakan algoritma backpropagation. Dari hasil pelatihan didapatkan srsitektur jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk sistem identifikasi adalah 5 input dan 4 output dengan jumlah neuron hidden layer untuk identifikasi kematangan jeruk dan stroberi adalah 16 sedangkan untuk tomat adalah 32. Dari hasil pengujian aplikasi diperoleh persentase keberhasilan identifikasi kematangan buah jeruk sebesar 93.75%, stroberi sebesar 75%, dan tomat 81.25%. Secara keseluruhan persentase keberhasilan sistem dalam mendeteksi tingkat kematangan buah (jeruk, stroberi, dan tomat) adalah sebesar 83.33%. Keyword: sistem penciuman elektronik, sensor TGS, kematangan buah, aplikasi JST Diterima: 04 Oktober 2010; Disetujui: 28 Februari 201
Pengaruh Penyusutan Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe) Terhadap Karakteristik Pengeringan Lapisan Tipis
Get PDFAbstract The objective of this study is to analyze the occurrence of shrinkage during thin layer drying of Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe) and its effects to the drying characteristics. The experiments were conducted using a laboratory scale dryer with data acquisition and equipped with machine vision system.The drying conditions was controlled at temperatures (T) of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C,relative humidity (RH) 20%,30%, 40%, 50% and air velocity 0.78 m/s – 1.95 m/s with a specific combinations. The results show that the temu putih’s slices were shrinking as the moisture content was decreasing with almost linier correlation.The drying data was used to determine the drying constants using three models, namely Henderson andPabis, Lewis, and Page model. The effects of the shrinkage to the drying characteristics is discussed in term of the relation between surface area ratio (AR) to moisture ratio (MR). Keywords: Drying;Thin Layer drying; Shrinkage; Temu Putih Diterima: 24 Maret 2010; Disetujui: 13 September 201
Kajian Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Buah Dan Mutu Buah Mangga Gedong (Mangifera indica L) Selama Penyimpanan
Get PDFAbstract Gedong mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit that has the potential for export. But, the fruit of the mango is hosted by fruit fly. Fruit fly pests of mango export has been restrained by the very strict quarantine regulation. Therefore, it need a treatment that can annihilate the fruit fly. Irradiation technique has been one of the quarantine treatment that being attention, in order to disinfested pest attack. This research aims to study the effect of irradiation on mortality of fruit fly species Bactocera papayae (oriental fruitfly) on gedong mango, and to study the effect of irradiation dose and storage temperature on the physiology of the nature and quality of mangoes gedong. The results showed the mortality test results for B. papayae towards the dose 0.75 kGy reached until 100%. The next level was to test the mango fruit fly which considered infested naturally from the field. The dose given were 0:25 kGy, 0.5 kGy, 0.75 kGy and control. The results showed that in the control treatment founded that fruit flies growth from the day 9th to day 24th days of storage. 0.25 kGy dose and 0.5 kGy dose given were still found larva growth until the day 24th days of storage. From the test results of mortality at the dose of 0.75 kGy was able to annihilate fruit fly mortality reaches until 100%, but when applied to the fruit which has considered infested in the field were still found larvae growth until the 21st days of storage. Irradiation dose of 0.75 kGy can suppress the respiration rate, and weight losses during storage. With the irradiation dose can affected the quality of gedong mango such as vitamin C, total acid, Total Soluble Solid (TSS), and moisture content of gedong mango. Keywords: Gedong mango, Fruit flies, Irradiation, Quarantine treatment Abstrak Buah mangga gedong (Mangifera indica L.) merupakan salah satu produk hortikultura yang berpotensi untuk di ekspor. Tetapi buah mangga merupakan inang dari lalat buah. Serangan hama lalat buah menyebabkan ekspor buah mangga terhambat oleh aturan karantina yang sangat ketat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu perlakuan yang dapat membunuh lalat buah tersebut. Teknik iradiasi sebagai salah satu perlakuan karantina mulai dilirik untuk tujuan disinfestasi serangga hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh iradiasi terhadap mortalitas lalat buah (fruit fly) spesies Bactocera papayae (oriental fruitfly) pada buah mangga gedong, dan mempelajari pengaruh dosis iradiasi dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap sifat fisiologi dan mutu buah mangga gedong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk hasil uji mortalitas B. papayae terhadap dosis 0.75 kGy mencapai 100%. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah menguji buah mangga yang dianggap sudah terinfestasi lalat buah secara alami dari lapang. Besarnya dosis yang diberikan adalah 0.25 kGy, 0.5 kGy, 0.75 kGy dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan kontrol ditemui lalat buah yang berkembang pada hari ke-9 sampai hari ke-24 penyimpanan. Pemberian dosis 0.25 kGy dan 0.5 kGy masih ditemukan larva yang berkembang hingga hari ke-24 penyimpanan. Dari hasil uji mortalitas pada dosis 0.75 kGy mampu membunuh lalat buah mencapai mortalitas 100%, namun ketika diterapkan pada buah yang dianggap sudah terinfestasi secara lapang masih ditemukan larva yang berkembang pada hari ke-21 penyimpanan. Pemberian dosis iradiasi sebesar 0.75 kGy dapat menekan laju respirasi, dan susut bobot selama penyimpanan. Dengan pemberian dosis iradiasi dapat mempengaruhi mutu buah mangga gedong seperti halnya kadar vitamin C, total asam, TPT, dan kadar air buah mangga gedong. Kata kunci : Mangga gedong, Lalat buah, Iradiasi, Perlakuan karantina.Diterima:09 November 2011;Disetujui: 13 Maret 2012
Rancangan End-effector untuk Robot Pemanen Buah Paprika
Get PDFAbstract A research on designing an end-effector for a sweet pepper (Capsicum grossum) harvesting robot has been conducted. The objectives of this research were to design an end-effector prototype for the sweet pepper harvesting robot and to examine the performance of the end-effector in actuating the harvesting work. The end-effector was constructed in such a way so that enable to perform cutting and gripping motion in one action. The end-effector was designed using aluminum materials in order to get as light mass as possible. It dimension was 28 cm in length, 14 cm in width, and about 90 grams in weight. The field test of the prototype was conducted based on the conditions of plantation inside the greenhouse. Three kinds of inclination slope including 0o, 10o, and 20o were treated for the end-effector installation. The experimental result show that the third installation treatment ie: the end-effector with 20° inclination slope tend to produce the best performance which has the highest number of harvesting succeed. Keywords: end-effector, harvesting, sweet pepper. Abstrak Penelitian mengenai rancang bangun end-effector robot pemanen buah paprika (Capsicum grossum) telah berhasil dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang bangun prototype end-effector untuk memanen buah paprika dan menguji unjuk kerja dari end-effector tersebut dalam melakukan pekerjaan pemanenan. End-effector tersebut dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga mampu melakukan gerak pemotongan dan pencengkraman dalam waktu bersamaan. End-effector dibuat menggunakan bahan aluminium supaya masanya menjadi ringan. End-effector mamiliki ukuran panjang 28 cm, lebar 14 cm dan berat 90 gram. Pengujian terhadap prototype dilakukan sesuai kondisi tanaman dalam greenhouse. Tiga perlakuan nilai sudut kemiringan pemasangan yaitu: 0°, 10°, dan 20° dicobakan dalam pengujian ini. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ketiga yaitu end-effector dipasang dengan kemiringan 20° cenderung memberikan unjuk kerja terbaik karena memberikan keberhasilan pemanenan tertinggi. Kata kunci: End-effector, pemanenan, buah paprika.Diterima: 15 Maret 2011 ; Disetujui: 18 Juli 201