Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Non Destructive Inner Quality Prediction In Intact Mango With Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
No full textTwo major parameters which determine inner quality and the taste of mango, total soluble solids (TSS) and firmness, are still determined destructively. To evaluate the feasibility of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technique in determining total soluble solids (TSS) contents and firmness in intact mango, diffuse reflectance (R) spectra were measured in the spectral range from 900 to 1400 nm. Calibration models using R and log (1/R) were established by stepwise multiple linear regression with k-fold leave oneout (LOO) cross validation. The correlation coefficients (r) of calibrations ranged from 0.89 to 0.96 with SEC values 0.46 to 1.08. Both TSS and firmness were predicted accurately using log (1/R) spectra.Keywords: mango, NIRS, firmness, TSS, non-destructiveDiterima: 8 Juni 2008; Disetujui: 31 Januari 200
Hydraulical Approach in Designing of Proportional Division Structures in Traditional Irrigation Schemes
No full textTo disribute water in equal and adequate ways among the farmers, farmers have been using a proportionaldivision structure for years. The constrtuction of the structure is made of wood or stone with the notchsin rectangular form in part of its upper side. Its performance criterion estabilished by pertinient famers i.e.the notch width has to be proportional to the size of its command area. From hydraulic point of view,however, the unreliability of these structures can be occurred and it was estimated that their performancecriteria not only depend on the notch width but also the other hydraulic design criteria. The objectives ofthis research are: (i) to comprehend the dependence of performance of a proportional division structureon hydraulic design criteria, (ii) to know relationships between the discharge of structure and the hydraulicdesign criteria. Result of experiment indicated that the performance of a proportional division structure notonly depend on notch width but also the other hydraulic design criteria in common. In general, there werethe relationships between discharge of a notch and the hydraulic design criteria including notch width,thickness and surface roughness of the structure, and deviation angle of channel where the structure to belocated.Keywords: traditional Irrigation system, proportional devision structure, physical model, dimension analysisDiterima: 3 Maret 2009; Disetujui: 7 Agustus 200
Modifikasi Iklim Mikro pada Bawang Merah Hidroponik dalam Rangka Memperoleh Bibit Bermutu
Get PDFAbstract Red Onion is one of prime commodities in Indonesia and the seed production has been efforted for gaining higher quality and healthy seed. Considering this matter, hydrophonic culture in a greenhouse could be applied for this purpose. Micro climate has to be controlled for giving favourable environment for growth of the Red Onion. Micro climate control in root zone (zone cooling) is an alternative for efficient use of energy in the greenhouse. Objective of this research was to find nutrient and medium cooling temperature favourable for hydrophonic of Red Onion. The experiment involved 2 factors : cooling temperature (18oC,21oC,24oC, and no cooling) and planting médium (husk charcoal, cocopeat, cocopeat + sand). The results indicated that use of husk charcoal and cooling at 240C gave highest yield. The greatest number of leaves was gain when the cooling temperature was 240C, while the lowest was at 180C. Big size tubers were found when husk charcoal was used as medium while the smallest size tubers when the cocopeat was used. The highest wet weight of tubers were gained when husk charcoal with cooling temperature at 240C, however the cooling temperature has not yet significantly increase the number of tubers. Keywords : zone cooling, hydrophonic, red onion Abstrak Bawang Merah merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di Indonesia dan produksi benihnya terus diupayakan untuk mendapatkan benih yang berkualitas dan sehat. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, budidaya hidroponik dalam suatu rumah kaca dapat diterapkan untuk keperluan tersebut. Iklim mikro harus dikontrol untuk memberikan lingkungan yang sesuai bagi pertumbuhan Bawang Merah. Pengontrolan iklim mikro pada zona perakaran (zone cooling) merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk penggunaan energi secara efisien dalam rumah kaca. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan nutrisi dan suhu media pendingin yang sesuai untuk budidaya hidropinik Bawang Merah. Percobaan melibatkan 2 faktor : suhu pendinginan (18oC,21oC,24oC, dan tanpa pendinginan) dan media tanam (arang sekam, cocopeat, dan cocopeat+pasir). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan arang sekam dan pendinginan pada suhu 24 0C memberikan hasil panen tertinggi. Jumlah daun terbanyak diperoleh suhu 24 0C, sedangkan jumlah yang paling sedikit diperoleh pada suhu 18 0C. Umbi ukuran besar diperoleh pada penggunaan arang sekam sebagai medium sedangkan ukuran umbi terkecil diperoleh pada penggunaan cocopeat. Bobot basah umbi terbesar diperoleh pada penerapan arang sekam dan suhu pendinginan 24 0C, namun suhu pendinginan tersebut belum secara nyata meningkatkan jumlah umbi. Kata kunci : zone cooling, hidroponik, bawang merah. Diterima: 22 September 2010; Disetujui: 23 Februari 201
Analisis Kecenderungan Data Hujan di Jawa Timur Menggunakan Metode Mann-Kendal dan Rank-Sum Test
No full textAbstract This paper describe temporal variability of rainfall data in East Java region and perform trend analysis using Mean-Kendall-Test. Is there any significant trend amongs periods? Time series data from (9) nine pluviometres around the East Java region were exploited. Daily rainfall data from: 01 January 1960 to 31 Decembre 2005 were used as main input for the analysis. Daily, Monthly and Annual data were visualised by means of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and then analysed using Mean-Kendall Test. Results shows that annual rainfall data from a few locations have significant negatif trend. However, Rainfall data from others locations have no significant trend amongs periods of observation. Keywords: Trend Analysis, Rainfall data, East Java, Mann-kendal, Rank SUM.Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana data hujan bervariasi sepanjang waktu dan menganalisis secara statistik apakah ada perbedaan dan kecenderungan variasi data hujan pada dua rentang waktu yang berbeda. Sampel data diambil dari 9 alat penakar hujan di Jawa Timur, yang memiliki rekaman data lebih dari 20 tahun. Data hujan harian dari : 01 Januari 1960 sd 31 Desember 2005, divisualisasikan melalui Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) dan diuji statistik menggunakan metode: Mann-kendall Test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada beberapa lokasi terjadi kecenderungan data hujan tahunan yang signifikan, sementara pada stasiun lainnya tidak terjadi Trend yang signifikan. Kata kunci: Analisis kecenderungan, data hujan, Jawa Timur, Mann-kendal, Rank-SumDiterima: 30 Agustus 2010; Disetujui: 19 Januari 201
Disain dan Pengujian Metering Device untuk Alat Penjatah Pupuk Granular Laju Variabel (Variable Rate Granular Fertilizer Applicator)
Get PDFAbstract Uniform Rate of fertilizer Application (URA) practice is disregarding the productive potential of the various areas within the field. Thus, some area is less fertilized and other is over fertilized. It is also an important issue recently that nitrogen from fertilizers may be subjected to lost into atmosphere or enters streams through surface or subsurface drainage (leaching). The place with over-fertilization will be a potential source of pollution in the form of ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) which may hazard people health. Variable rate of fertilizer applicator is a solution to overcame the negative impact of URA. It can control the appropriate of fertilizer dosage and location of application in the field. The objective of this research is to design a metering device for variable rate granular fertilizer applicator. The result of variable rate fertilizer testing with single metering device with single rotor indicated that the rate of urea, SP-36 and NPK are 0.84, 0.96 and 1.2 g/rotation respectively. The testing with double rotor indicated that the rate of urea, SP-36 and NPK are 1.14, 2.22 and 2.1 g/rotation respectively. The all of the testing result indicated that metering device which designed can be applied with urea, SP-36 and NPK fertilizer. Keywords: granular applicator, metering device, PID controller, variable rate Abstrak Praktik penerapan pupuk laju seragan (URA) umumnya dilakukan tanpa memperhitungkan potensi hasil pada berbagai lokasi lahan. Dengan demikian, sebagian luasan akan mendapatkan pupuk yang kurang sedangkan yang lainnya berlebihan. Selain itu belakangan ini ada isu yang menyatakan bahwa terjadi kehilangan unsur nitrogen dari pupuk akibat penguapan ke atmosfer atau mengalir bersama aliran air drainase permukaan atau bawah permukaan. Tempat yang dosis pupuknya berlebihan akan berpotensi menjadi sumber polusi dalam bentuk ammonia (NH3), nitrit (NO2) dan nitrat (NO3) yang akan mempengaruhi kesehatan manusia. Aplikator pupuk laju berubah (variable) adalah solusi untuk mengatasi dampak negative dari URA tersebut. Mekanisme ini dapat mengatur dosis dan lokasi pemberian pupuk secara tepat pada lahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang matering device untuk aplikator pupuk butiran laju berubah. Hasil pengujian alat pemberi pupuk laju berubah dengan matering device tunggal dan rotor tunggal menunjukkan laju pemberian pupuk urea, SP-36 dan NPK adalah berturut-turut sebesar 0.84, 0.96 dan 1.2 gr/ putaran. Pengujian dengan rotor ganda menunjukkan bahwa laju pemberian pupuk urea, SP-36 dan NPK secara berurutan sebesar 1.14, 2.22, dan 2.1 gr/ putaran. Hasil dari keseluruhan pengujian menunjukkan bahwa matering device yang dirancang dapat dipergunakan untuk penerapan pupuk urea, SP-36 dan NPK. Kata Kunci: Aplikator butiran, matering device, Kontroler PID, dan laju berubah. Diterima: 03 Maret 2011; Disetujui: 05 Juli 2011
Kinerja Sprayer Bermotor dalam Aplikasi Pupuk Daun di Perkebunan Tebu
Get PDFAbstractFoliar fertilizer application on sugarcane plantations using a knapsack sprayer was ineffective in spraying liquid foliar fertilizer evenly across the surface of the leaf. To improve its performance, a knapsack power sprayer was modified and tested, for a better comfort and effectiveness of the liquid foliar fertilizer application. The motor sprayer was modified by replacing its big fluid tank with a smaller fluid tank of the manual sprayer. The nozzle pipe was modified in such a way to be used in spraying two rows of sugarcane in one pass. The modified motor sprayers were tested in sugarcane plantation for applying the foliar fertilizer. The test results showed that the motor sprayers could spray the fluid fertilizer in more effective and uniform spraying than that of the manual sprayer. Spraying using high pressure of the motor sprayer could spray the foliar fertilizer to the leaf surface uniformly. The droplet size was more tiny, and could reach the entire leaf of the sugarcane. The operators like to use the modified motor sprayer. The average working capacity of the power sprayer was 0.4 ha/ hour per man.Keywords: motor sprayer, modification, sugarcane, fluid fertilizer, working performance AbstrakAplikasi pupuk daun di perkebunan tebu menggunakan sprayer manual tipe gendong, tidak efektif menyemprotkan cairan pupuk daun secara merata ke seluruh permukaan daun. Untuk memperbaiki kinerjanya, maka telah dilakukan percobaan aplikasi sprayer bermotor yang dimodifikasi, sesuai kebutuhan kenyamanan dan efektivitas penyemprotannya. Sprayer bermotor dimodifikasi dengan mengganti tangki cairannya yang terlalu besar, menggunakan tangki cairan dari sprayer tipe gendong manual yang berukuran lebih kecil. Selain itu, batang nosel diperbaiki ukurannya dan arah semprotnya agar dapat digunakan menyemprot di dua sisi barisan tanaman dalam satu lintasan penyemprotan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kinerja sprayer bermotor hasil modifikasi lebih baik dari kinerja sprayer bermotor sebelum modifikasi dan lebih baik dari kinerja sprayer tipe gendong manual. Hasil semprotan sprayer bermotor dengan tekanan yang lebih tinggi, mampu menyemprotkan cairan pupuk ke permukaan daun secara merata. Butiran semprotan lebih halus, dan daun yang tersemprot lebih banyak. Operator juga menyukai penggunaan sprayer bermotor hasil modifikasi tersebut. Kapasitas kerja rata-rata dengan sprayer bermotor adalah 0.4 ha/jam per orang.Kata kunci: sprayer bermotor, modifikasi, tebu, pupuk cair, kinerj
Pengaruh Pemanasan Kelapa Parut Dan Teknik Pengunduhan Terhadap Rendemen Dan Mutu Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
No full textVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) was produced from green variety ofnon-hybride coconut type. Grated coconut was heated at 500, 70°, and 90°C for 20, 30 and 40 minutes, respectively. Harvesting technique of VCO were done by conventional, utilization of stainless steel screen, and filter paper laminated stainless steel screen methods, respectively. Produced VCO was subsequently analyzed their productivity and quality parameters consisting of moisture content, acid number, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide number, iodine number, saponification number, clearness and fatty acid profile of VCO. Statistical analysis was also conducted by using Analysis of Variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test with 5% significancy.The results showed that heating ofgrated coconut at 900C for 40 minutes produced 29.65 ±0.38% VCO, and it was the highest productivity.-Heating temperature ofgrated coconut and with any harvesting technique didn\u27t statistitically have significant effect on productivity and quality of VCO. While, combination of heating temperature at 90°C and it was followed by harvesting technique using stainless steel screen produced the highest VCO i.e. 31.54 ± 0.58%. The best quality of VCO was characterized by 0.09 ± 0.01% moisture content, 0.20 ± 0.02 mg KOH/g oil of acid number, 0.12 ± 0.01% free fatty acid (FFA), 0.37 ± 0.01 meq/kg oil ofperoxide number, 5. 11 ± 0.01 g iod/100 g oil ofiodine number, 244. 12 ± 0.01 mg KOH/g oil saponification number and the VCO was clear and transparant. Fatty acid profile of selected VCO was dominated by medium chain fatty acid (C12:0) particularly lauric acid i.e. 50.26% and followed by 8.65% caprylic and 5,73% capric acids, respectively. "The quality parameters of VCO was able to meet the quality standard of VCO that was issued by APCC (Asia Pacific Coconut Community) quality grade.Keywords: Grated coconut, heating, harvesting technique and VCO.Diterima: 19 Apri 2008; Disetujui:27 Juli 200
REVIEW TRICKLE IRRIGATION APPLICATION IN GROUNDWATER IRRIGATION SCHEMES
No full textABSTRACT The Government of Indonesia has developed groundwater irrigation schemes in some province e.g. East Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, Wast Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. However, not all regions were able to optimally utilize it. The irrigation effeciency of groundwater irrigation scheme was about 59%, whe;; the wells-pumping efficiencies were varied from 28 to 98 %. In thefuture, the irrigation effieciency should be increased to anticipate water deficit during dry season. The application of trickle irrigation in indonesia has not been widely developed. Although trickle system has been used, however, it is still limited for few commercial agribusinesses. Trickle irrigation systems have a prospect to be developed in some regions having limited water resources. For preliminary stage, the systems could be applied in groundwater irrigation schemes that have been developed either by farmers or government. Keywords: irrigation effieciency, trickle irrigation, groundwater irrigation scheme
ERROR ANALYSIS ON DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC HEAT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS USING MIXTURE METHOD
No full textABSTRACT This paper reporting method of error analysis in determination of specific heat of agricultural product using mixture method. There are six Variables evaluated on error measurement, those are: mass of water, mass of simple, equilibrium temparature, water temparature, sample temparature and calorimeter temperature. As the results of experiment on potatoes and carrot, calorimeter temperature gave biggest error contribution based on simulation conducted using Visual Basic Application (VBA) at Microsoft Word. Keyword: error analysis, Specific heat, VB
Analisis Sistem Proses Pindah Massa pada Ekstraksi Secara Mekanik Minyak Kedelai (Glycine Max Oil)
Get PDFAbstract Soybean, a vegetable protein-rich commodity needed to improve public nutrition, safe to consume, and the price affordable. The purpose of this research are to: 1. determine the effect of pressure and time of extraction the mass balance, yield and level of soybean oil extraction, 2. Gain mass transfer coefficient value in soybean oil extraction process, and 3. analyze the mechanism of mass changes during the extraction process soybean oil is mechanically using hydraulic pressing. Oil obtained results indicate an increase due to the influence of a given amount of pressure and length of time silenced. The greater the pressure exerted, the more oil produced this shows soybean oil can come out with a maximum at the greatest pressure of 200 kg/cm2. Mass transfer coefficient in soybean oil extraction process at a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 5.57x10-5 gcm3/cm seconds. In the pressure is 200 kg/cm2 15.39 x 10-5g cm3/cm seconds. Keywords: mass transfer, mechanical extraction, soybean oil Diterima: 12 Maret 2010; Disetujui: 7 September 201