Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Studi Konflik Air Irigasi dan Alternatif Penyelesaiannya di Daerah Irigasi Kelingi Sumatera Selatan
Get PDFAbstract Study of dispute management related to irrigation water use for agriculture and fishery at Kelingi irrigation area was conducted to determine the irrigation water management solution which is mutually beneficial between rice production and fish production of swift water pond. Kelingi Irrigation Area which is formerly planned for rice cultivation was built during the Dutch colonial era. Former water management pattern and its instruments were incapable to balance the rapid development found in the field which results in interest dispute among the water users. The study methods were consisted of PRA, interview by using questioner aids, and discussion/round table. Dispute management of irrigation water use for agriculture and fishery can be approached by using collaboration system in which all parties gain the advantage because this system is a truly and permanent solution. The recommendations from this study were as follows: 1) irrigation system improvement and increased service capability of the existing irrigation network, 2) balance planting pattern regulation and rice planting schedule as well as cultivation of fish and swift water pond fish at irrigation area level which was decided by using Decree Letter of Governor because this area was classified as district/city crossed irrigation, 3) farmers group empowerment and P3A/GP3A by related councils and institutions, 4) government provision for communication and collaboration between farmers and owner of swift water fish pond through justice and strict approaches in applying the existed regulations, 5) issuing of Local Irrigation Regulation at Province and District/City levels which consisted of swift water fish pond and irrigation water allotments, and 6) law enforcement in permit, supervision and action for every transgression by water users based on Local Regulation and the existed legislation.Keywords: irrigation water dispute, rice, swift water pondDiterima: 7 September 2009; Disetujui: 18 Januari 201
Eksplorasi Air Tanah di Pandaan
Get PDFAbstract This geoelectricity survey was conducted to get an idea of the distribution of resistivity (rock resistivity) either vertically or laterally, especially the alleged distribution of layers of rock can serve as carriers of water layer or aquifer. The results of this survey are expected to provide data to the PT Sampoerna, about the possibilities of layout, the existence and depth of carrier layers of water that can be used to meet the supply water for the needs of the Integrated Education Trainning Center. The results of the geoelectricity measurements were generally cannot reach the target depth to be surveyed, where, from the 10 points of sounding wich were conducted, only 3 points could penetrate the >100 m depths in VES VES-2,-6,-7 and VES VES-8. This were likely due to the resistivity characteristics between rock layers which entirely were the product of volcanic activity in the form of breksi, breksi Tuff, lava and tuff were not so different that less could be detected properly. The value of soil or rocks doty resistivity ranged from 0.5 to 868 Wm, volcanic breksi ranged from 1156 to 1944 Wm, volcanic breksi and aquifer I (shallow) ranged from 600 to 770 Wm, tuf ranged from 16 to 80 Wm, breksi Tuff and aquifer II (deep) ranged from 126 to 226 Wm. The possibility of the aquifer I (shallow) spreads were throughout the entire VES with the top depth ranged from 1.74 to 15.66 m. The base depth ranged from 14 to 28.59 m. The aquifer I thickness ranged from 8.37 to 16.36 m. The possibility of the aquifer II (deep) spreads were throughout the entire VES-2, VES-5, VES-6, and VES-7 with the top depth ranged from 17.16 to 72.32 m. The base depth ranged from 80 to 149.08 m. The aquifer I thickness ranged from 22,85 to 131,92 m. For the purposes of the water supply, it is recommended to perform the drilling around the VES-5, VES-6, VES-7 and VES-8 or by the VES-2 because in those areas have the potential of 2 aquifer layers or a thick aquifer layer. Keyword: Aquifer, groundwater, resistivity Abstrak Survey geolistrik ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai sebaran tahanan jenis (resistivitas lapisan batuan) baik secara vertikal maupun lateral, terutama sebaran lapisan batuan yang diduga dapat berfungsi sebagai lapisan pembawa air atau aquifer. Hasil survey ini diharapkan dapat memberikan data kepada PT. Sampoerna, tentang kemungkinan letak, keberadaan dan kedalaman lapisan pembawa air yang dapat dipergunakan untuk memenuhi supply air bagi kebutuhan Integrated Education Trainning Center. Hasil pengukuran dari geolistrik secara umum tidak dapat mencapai target kedalaman yang harus disurvey, dimana dari 10 titik sounding yang dilakukan hanya terdapat 3 titik yang dapat menembus kedalaman >100 m yaitu pada VES-2, VES-6, VES-7 dan VES-8. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan karakteristik resistivitas antar lapisan batuan yang seluruhnya merupakan produk dari aktifitas vulkanik berupa breksi, breksi tuf, lava dan tuf ini tidak begitu berbeda sehingga kurang dapat terdeteksi dengan baik. Nilai resistivitas soil atau lapukan batuan berkisar antara 0.5–868 Wm, breksi vulkanik berkisar antara 1156–1944 Wm, breksi vulkanik dan aquifer 1 (dangkal) 600–770 Wm, tuf berkisar antara 16–80 Wm, breksi tuf dan aquifer 2 (dalam) berkisar antara 126–226 Wm. Kemungkinan sebaran dari aquifer 1 (dangkal) terdapat di seluruh VES dengan kedalaman top berkisar antara 1.74–15.66 m. Kedalaman base berkisar antara 14– 28.59 m. Ketebalan aquifer 1 berkisar antara 8.37-16.36 m. Kemungkinan sebaran dari aquifer 2 (dalam) terdapat di VES-2, VES-5, VES-6, dan VES 7 dengan kedalaman top berkisar antara 17.16–72.32 m. Kedalaman base berkisar antara 80 – 149.08 m. Ketebalan aquifer 1 berkisar antara 22,85 – 131,92 m. Untuk keperluan supply air, disarankan untuk melakukan pemboran disekitar VES-5, VES-6, VES-7 dan VES-8 atau didekat VES-2 karena pada daerah tersebut memiliki potensi 2 lapisan aquifer atau 1 lapisan aquifer yang tebal. Keyword: Aquifer, groundwater, resisivity Diterima: 06 September 2010 ; Disetujui:08 Februari 2011
Aspek Teknologi Dan Analisis Kelayakan Pengelolaan Serasah Tebu Pada Perkebunan Tebu Lahan Kering
Get PDFAbstrak PG Takalar adalah salah satu pabrik gula yang terdapat di Sulawesi Selatan dan memiliki potensi serasah tebu yang besar. Serasah tebu merupakan limbah yang kaya bahan organik yang bisa diolah menjadi pupuk organik berupa kompos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan kebutuhan alat dan mesin pada pengelolaan serasah tebu pada PG Takalar . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PG Takalar memiliki rata-rata potensi ketersediaan serasah tebu pada PG Takalar adalah 19.96% atau 20% dari setiap batang tanaman tebu. Dengan luas lahan 4186 ha, maka total potensi serasah tebu adalah 32860 ton/tahun. Hingga saat ini pengelolaan serasah tebu pada PG Takalar masih dilakukan secara konvensional dengan membakar serasah tebu tersebut di lahan perkebunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan 4186 ha membutuhkan jumlah alat dan mesin untuk mendukung kegiatan mekanisasi pada pengelolaan serasah tebu adalah traktor 48 unit, trash rake 13 unit, trailer besar 31 unit, aplikator 4 unit, pencacah 18 unit, truk 3 unit, pengaduk 3 unit, dan loader 3 unit Kata kunci : potensi, mekanisasi, pengelolaan, serasah tebu, tanaman tebu Abstract PG Takalar is one of sugar factory in South Sulawesi which has enormous potential of sugarcane litter. Sugarcane litter is organic waste that could be processed into organic fertilizer in form of compost. The objectives of this study were to determine the potential of sugarcane litter and to determine the machinery requirement for sugarcane litter management in PG Takalar. The result showed that the average availability potential of sugarcane litter in PG Takalar was 19.96% or 20% from each stem of sugarcane. In total, with 4186 ha area of PG Takalar, the potential of sugarcane litter was 32860 ton/year. Nowadays, in PG Takalar, the management of sugarcane litter is done conventionally by burning the litter in the field. It is also found from the study that to manage the sugarcane litter in 4186 ha area, the number of machinery needed to support the mechanization of sugarcane litter management were 48 units of tractor, 13 units of trash rake, 31 units of trailer, 4 units of applicator, 18 units of chopper, 3 units of truck, 3 units of composting turner, and 3 units of loader. Key words: potential, mechanization, management, sugarcane litter, sugarcane Diterima:14 Desember 2011; Disetujui:17 Maret 2013
Eksplorasi Air Tanah Di Jakarta
Get PDFAbstract The purpose of the geoelectricity resistivity survey in DKI Jakarta, i.e. in Taman Duta Cimanggis Resident and the Ministry of Environment Office is to find out the distribution of penetration zone beneath the surface. The geoelectricity method is intended to find out the depth and spread formation of the lower layer surface of the acquired resistivity value based prediction. Based on that resistivity distribution, geological subsurface conditions can then be interpreted. Hydrogeological condition in the research site was included to the aquifer system with wide range of groundwater spreads. Rocks which are expected to be aquifer in both site are sandy clay and sand. From the geoelectricity estimation observation results, the aquifer layer can be found out, i.e. in Taman Duta CImanggis Resident was in depth of 20-60 m below the ground surface with the lithological form of sand. While in the Ministry of Environment Office By Pass were in depth of 10-20 m (aquifer I layer with the lithological form of sandy clay) and 30-35 (aquifer II layer with the lithological form of sand). Keyword: Aquifer, resistivity AbstrakTujuan dari survei geolistrik resistivitas di DKI Jakarta, yaitu di Taman Resident Cimanggis Duta dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Kantor adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi zona penetrasi di bawah permukaan. Metode geolistrik ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kedalaman dan pembentukan penyebaran permukaan lapisan bawah dari prediksi nilai yang diperoleh resistivitas berbasis. Berdasarkan hal tersebut distribusi resistivitas, kondisi bawah permukaan geologi kemudian dapat diinterpretasikan. Kondisi hidrogeologi di lokasi penelitian dimasukkan ke sistem akuifer dengan berbagai menyebar tanah. Rocks yang diharapkan menjadi akuifer di situs keduanya lempung berpasir dan pasir. Dari hasil estimasi pengamatan geolistrik, lapisan akuifer dapat diketahui, yaitu di Taman Resident Cimanggis Duta berada di kedalaman 20-60 m di bawah permukaan tanah dengan bentuk litologi pasir. Sementara di Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Kantor By Pass berada di kedalaman 10-20 m (akuifer I layer dengan bentuk litologi berpasir liat) dan 30-35 (akuifer II layer dengan bentuk litologi pasir)Kata Kunci: akuifer, resistivitas Diterima: 15 Agustus 2011; Disetujui: 18 Januari 2012
Uji Performansi Getaran Mekanis dan Kebisingan Mist Blower Yanmar MK 150-B
Get PDFAbstract Mist blower is one of the mechanization tool of agriculture considered as a tool that can assist humans in fertilizer and pesticides spreading activities. Levels of motor speed in the used mist blower were 1915, 4009, and 7227 rpm. Vibration measurements were conducted on the engine and handlebar control mist blower with the three-dimensional axes namely X, Y, and Z. Mist blower noise measurements were performed on the engine, operator\u27s right ear and left ear. Based on the analysis of vibration and noise from the mist blower of type MK 150-B was obtained the safe limit values from the use of these tools. The safe limit of the use of mist blower in motor rotation speed of 1915, 4009, and 7227 rpm after being compared with the vibration and noise were 1 hour, 1 hour and 24 minutes respectively. The farther the distance from noise source, the lower the noise level too. Moreover objectivity study of operator was conducted. The first farmer was tired faster than the second farmer. In terms of age of farmer, the second farmer (60 years) older than the first farmers (40 years), but this should not affect significantly. Activity on the previous day greatly affects the level of fatigue when operating the mist blower. This was because the first farmers did more activities and had rest periods that less than second farmer. Keyword: mist blower, vibration, nois
Lama Pemanasan Metode Vapor Heat Treatment (VHT) dan Pelilinan Untuk Mempertahankan Mutu Pepaya Selama Penyimpanan
No full textHorticulture products are host for Tephritidae fruitflies that are considered a quarantine risk by many importing countries. This research was conducted to find out the specific condition for the heat treatment using vapor heat treatment (VHT) method to control pest and diseases of papaya and the fruit quality during storage. Papayas were vapor heat treated at medium temperature of 46.5 0C for 0, 15, and 30 minutes. After the treatment, the fruits were waxed using beeswax of 6 % in concentration and then stored at temperature of 10 0C. The results show that the fruitfly of oriental fruitfly (Bactrocera dorsalis) was completely killed by treating in deep water testing at temperature of 46 0C for 10 minutes or at 43 0C for 30 minutes. The VHT of papaya at fruit core temperature of 45.5-46.0 0C for 15-30 minutes following waxing using beeswax of 6% in concentration was found to be effective to control pest and diseases until 21 days of storage without any visible signs of heat injury and without adversely affecting the quality of the fruit. Keywords: Papaya, vapor heat treatment, waxing, quarantine Diterima: 20 Agustus 2007; Disetujui: 24 Nopember 200
Penentuan Parameter Optimal Kendali Greenhouse Berbasis Fazi Dan Pid Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika
No full textThe development of the control system of adaptive biological-environment was equipped with the optimization technique of\u27Genetic Algorithm in solving the problem of optimizing parameters. Optimizing the determination ofparameters of fuzzy control and PID were carried out by stimulating the real noise from solar irradiation in greenhouse, such as fluctuation of solar radiation in day time. The parameters of optimal control were determined by minimizing the cumulative square error for each physical unit, such as temperature and humidity with the fitness function which was reciprocally arranged. The performance ofcontrol system was better with the availability ofgenetic algorithm, and therefore the mode of fuzzy control and PID could be used to control the whole biological-environment. The fuzzy parameters for temperatures were P1=O. 17, P2=O.32, P3=11.28, P4=4.58, and P5=141.89, for humidity P1=O.38, P2=O.05, P3 =6.96, P4 =11.73, and P5=968.65; whereas the PID parameter for temperature were Kp=O.06, TD=O.08, and TD=1.91, for humidity were Kp=O.01, TD=O.0012, and TD=16.Keywords: optimal parameter, fuzzy control, PIO control, genetic algorithmDiterima: 21 Januari 2008; Disetujui: 27 Mei 2008
PENGERINGAN PUFFING SAYURAN DENGAN GAS KARBON DIOKSIDA
No full textAbstract The objective of this research was to determine if CO2 puffing process could be applied to indonesian vegetables which resulted in the largest increase in bulk specific volume (BSV) and rehydration ratio (RR). This reseach also was intended to reduce the residence time and CO2 pressure needed to puff the product. Several vegetables wich were common in the indonesian’s instant food were puffed dried using CO2 gas at the pressure of 3.72, 5.10 and 6.48 Mpa and residence time of 4 and 8 minutes and were then dried using a fluidized bed drier.this technology had successfully dried the carrot, potato, andSiamese squash cube with the size of 6x6x6 mm3, and green bean chunk in the length of 6 mm. The bulk specific volume and rehydration ratio of the sample tried were significantly higher than the hot air dried one (1.3 to 5 times for BSV and 1.2 to 5 for RR) and were 0.6 to 0.95times the freeze dried product. The residence time, and pressure used for puffing with CO2 could be reduced by soaking the semple into 2% Na2HPO4, moisture content of 40 to 50%, residence time of 4 to 8 minutes, and CO2 pressure of 5.10 to 6.48 Mpa. Keyword: CO2, puffing, vegetable, rehydration rati
Teknik Pengukuran Laju Respirasi Produk Hortikultura pada Kondisi Amosfir Terkendali Bagian 2: open system method
No full textAbstract The design of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) requires steady state respiration rate data. The respiration rate of fresh produce is usually measured by the open system method where a steady stream of gas is passed through a respiration jar. It needs gas mixing unit to get certain level of controlled atmosphere (CA) condition and an instrument to analyze gas composition. In this research, a gas chromatograph of Hewlett Packard of HP 5890 series with a thermal conductivity detector and suitable column was used to analyze the composition of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen simultanously. The measuring result of respiration rate of broccoli under CA conditions indicated that the gas composition gave significant influences. The respiration rate at a constant CO2 concentration decreases with decreasing O2 concentration. Keywords: broccoli, respiration rate, modified atmosphere packaging, gas chromatograph Diterima: 10 Desember 2007; Disetujui: 21 Maret 200
Applicatin of Some Evapotranspiration Models at Tropical Region
No full textPotential evaporation (ETp) can be calculated by ETp models climatological parametrs. Among them, the Penman model is most frequently used for ETp estimation. The penman model requires five climatic parameters : temperature, relative humidity, wind, saturation vapor pressure, and net radiation. It also uses complicated unit conversions and lengthy calculation. There are a simple models such as : Jensen - Haise models, Hargreaves, Radiation, Turc\u27s, and Makkink\u27s model. These models that requires only two climatic parameters, temperature and incident radiation