Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Pembuatan Digital Elevation Model Resolusi 10m dari Peta RBI dan Survei GPS dengan Algoritma ANUDEM
Get PDFAbstractThis study proposes the generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with spatial resolution of 10m x 10m by re-interpolation of elevation data. Data input for this study includes: (1) digitized datum coordinate from RBI map, (2) sample points surveyed by GPS, (3) digitized contour data fromSRTM DEM and ASTER GDEM2, and (4) digitized stream-network layer from RBI. All collected data were converted to mass point coordinats. On the top of Topogrid-ArcGIS, all points data were interpolated to produce DEM. After that the produced DEM were compared and evaluated to the SRTM and ASTER DEMvisually. The result shows that produced DEM are more accurate to represent the detailed topography of the study areas.Key words: DEM 10m, GPS survey, Interpolation, SRTM-DEM, Aster-GDEM2.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat DEM dengan ketelitian spasial 10m (ukuran pixel 10m x 10m) dengan cara re-interpolasi data ketinggian.Input data yang digunakan mencakup: (1) digitasi titik-titikketinggian dari peta RBI, (2) hasil survei melalui GPS, (3) data kontur yang diperoleh dari peta DEM SRTM dan Aster GDEM2, dan (4) layer jaringan sungai. Metodologi penelitian terdiri dari: (1) inventarisasidata, (2) ekstraksi nilai ketinggian, (3) integrasi data ke dalam Topogrid–ArcGIS, (4) interpolasi DEM. Hasil interpolasi selanjutnya dievaluasi secara visual dan dibandingkan dengan DEM SRTM dan ASTER GDEM2. Hasil interpolasi menunjukkan DEM dengan resolusi spasial yang lebih detail (10 m x 10 m) dapat menggambarkan karakteristik topografi DAS lebih detail.Kata kunci: DEM 10m, Survei GPS , Interpolation, SRTM-DEM, Aster-GDEM2Diterima: 12 Desember 2013; Disetujui: 14 Maret 201
Pengemasan dan Penyimpanan Dingin Kelapa Kopyor untuk Mempertahankan Mutu
Get PDFAbstractThe objectives of this research were to study the influence of packaging material and the temperature applied during storage on the quality of kopyor coconut, to predict the shelf-life, and to determine the best packaging material and the storage temperature to keep the kopyor coconut. Research material is kopyor coconut obtained from Kalianda South Lampung. Kopyor coconut packaged in plastic film type Polyamide (PA), Polypropylene (PP), and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) each weighing 60g. The quality parameter observed are free fatty acids (FFA), total microbes, and sensory characteristics including color, flavor, and taste. This research us Randomized Complete Design with two factors. The first factor was the packaging material with three different types (PA, PP, HDPE), and the second factor was the storage temperature at two levels of 5±2OC and 10±2OC. The shelf-life was predict using Partially StaggeredDesign (PSD) technique. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique was used to determine the best treatment. The results showed that the type of plastic packaging and storage temperature gave an effect onthe total microbes, and organoleptics of color, flavor, and taste. PA packaging is the best packaging can be maintained the quality of organoleptic and reduce the microbe growth. The storage temperature of 5±2OC can maintain quality of kopyor coconut better than 10±2OC temperature. Based on PSD method and total microbe as critical parameters, the shelf-life of kopyor coconut at 5±2OC is 27, 26, and 17 days for plastic PA, HDPE, and PP packaging, respectively.Keywords: kopyor coconut, packaging, film plastic, shelf-life.AbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis kemasan dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap mutu kelapa kopyor, memprediksi umur simpan, dan menentukan jenis kemasan dan suhu terbaik untuk menyimpan kelapa kopyor. Bahan penelitian adalah kelapa kopyor diperoleh dari Kalianda Lampung Selatan. Kelapa kopyor dikemas plastik jenis Polyamide (PA), Polypropylene (PP), dan High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) masing-masing seberat 60g. Parameter mutu yang dianalisis adalah Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB), total mikroba, dan organoleptik warna, aroma, dan rasa. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah plastik dengan tiga taraf (PA, PP, HDPE), dan faktor kedua adalah suhu dengan dua taraf (5±2OC dan 10±2OC). Prediksi umur simpan menggunakan Partially Staggered Design (PSD). Untuk menentukan perlakuan terbaik digunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kemasan plastik dan suhu penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap total mikroba, dan organoleptik warna, aroma, dan rasa. Kemasan jenis PA merupakan yang terbaik dalam mempertahankan mutu organoleptik dan menekan pertumbuhan mikroba. Suhu penyimpanan 5±2OC lebih dapat mempertahankan mutu kelapa kopyor dibandingkan dengan suhu10±2OC. Berdasarkan metode PSD dengan menggunakan mutu kritis total mikroba, umur simpan kelapa kopyor pada suhu 5±2OC adalah 27, 26, dan 17 hari untuk kemasan plastik PA, HDPE, dan PP.Kata kunci: kelapa kopyor, pengemasan, plastik film, umur simpan.Diterima: 18 Maret 2014 ; Disetujui;16 Juli 201
Analisis CFD Aliran Udara Panas pada Pengering Tipe Rak dengan Sumber Energi Gas Buang
Get PDFAbstractHot air from residual biomass combustion in biomass power plant can be used for drying process. The objective of this syudy was to analyze the distribution of hot air inside tray dryer using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) and to modify the dryer room for copra drying based on the result of CFD analysis. Result of CFD analysis shows that the distribution of hot air inside dryer room was not homogen among trays. The average temperature at top tray (I) was 90.0±10.8oC and bottom tray (IV) was below 49oC. Modification of dryer room was carried out by adding partition wall in the end of tray to allow the hot air flow through all trays. After modification, the temperature of drying air inside dryer room increased and the temperature distribution was better than that before modification. Form CFD simulation it was resulted the temperature of drying air at tray I, II, III and IV were 114oC, 124oC, 135oC and 119oC respectively. Fruthermodification was carried out to obtain the drying temperature of 75-90oC. This drying temperature was achieved by decreasing the frequency electricity for suction fan from 50 to 25 Hz, 20 Hz and 15 Hz. From CFD simulation was indicated that in order to obtain the temperature inside dryer room of 75-90oC, the frequency of electricity should be decreased to 206.9oC (20 Hz) to 230.7oC (25 Hz).Keywords : gas from residual biomass combustion, CFD, temperature distribution, tray dryer.AbstrakUdara panas sisa pembakaran biomassa pada alat pembangkit listrik tenaga biomassa dapat dimanfaatkan untuk proses pengeringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sebaran suhu pada ruang pengering dari alat pengering tipe rak yang memanfaatkan udara panas sisa pembakaran biomass menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dan melakukan modifikasi ruang pengering berdasarkan hasil simulasi CFD yang sesuai untuk pengeringan kopra. Hasil analisis CFD untuk sebaran panas di ruang pengering menunjukkan ketidakrataan sebaran udara panas antar rak pengering. Suhu rata-rata pengukuran rak paling atas (I) 90.0±10.8oC, sedangkan rak IV (bawah) 49oC. Modifikasi ruang pengering dilakukan dengan menambahkan dinding pembagi untuk mengarahkan udara pengering yang diletakkan di ujung rak I, II, dan III. Setelah penambahan dinding, udara panas lebih merata dan terjadi kenaikan suhu yang disebabkan karena panas gas buang yang besar yaitu sekitar 294.5oC. Suhu rata- rata simulasi CFD setiap rak I, II, III dan IV masing masing 114oC, 124oC, 135oC dan 119oC. Modifikasi selanjutnya dilakukan untuk mendapatkan suhu pengeringan antara 75-90oC yang sesuai untuk pengeringan kopra dengan menurunkan frekuensi kipas hisap dari 50 Hz menjadi 25 Hz, 20Hz, dan 15 Hz. Penurunan frekuensi kipas hisap menyebabkan penurunan suhu dalam ruang pengering. Dari hasil simulasi CFD menunjukkan bahwa untuk mendapatkan suhu dalam ruang pengering 75-90oC, maka suhu gas buang diturunkan menjadi 206.9oC (20 Hz) hingga 230.7oC (25 Hz).Kata kunci: gas sisa pembakaran biomassa, CFD, distribusi suhu, pengering tipe rakDiterima: 22 Oktober 2014; Disetujui: 15 Januari 201
Prediksi Kandungan Kimia Mangga Arumanis selama Penyimpanan dengan Spektroskopi NIR
Get PDFAbstractThe various internal qualities attributes of fruits and vegetables were able to be predicted nondestructively by using near infrared spectroscopy techniques. The objective of this study was to develop a calibration model for prediction of starch content, soluble solids content and water content of mango fruit by using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometric. The reflectance spectra of mango fruit were obtained in the wavelength range from 1000 nm to 2500 nm. The effects of different pre-process methodsand spectra treatments, such as smoothing 3 points (sa3), first derivative Savitzky-golay 9 points (dg1), and combination of smoothing 3 points (sa3) and first derivative Savitzky-golay 9 points (dg1) were analyzed.The prediction models were developed by partial least square regression (PLS). The results show that the correlation coefficient, standard error calibration and consistency for starch content of 0.95, 1.20% and 86.89% were achieved using pre-process of first derivatif Savitzky-golay 9 points; for soluble solid content of 0.90, 1.34oBrix and 86.24% were achieved using combination of smoothing 3 points and first derivatif Savitzky-golay 9 point and for water content of 0.78, 0.850 % and 99.74% were achieved using smoothing 3 points. This showed the capability of near infrared spectroscopy and the important role of chemometric in developing accurate models for the prediction of internal quality characteristics of mango fruit.Keywords: near infrared spectroscopy, internal quality, chemometric, mango, non destructiveAbstrakKualitas internal dari produk buah dan sayuran mampu dievaluasi dengan baik secara non destruktif menggunakan metode spektroskopi near infrared. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model kalibrasi untuk memprediksi kandungan pati, total padatan terlarut dan kadar air buah mangga selama penyimpanan menggunakan spektroskopi near infrared dan kemometrik. Spektra reflektan buah mangga diukur pada panjang gelombang 1000 nm sampai 2500 nm. Pengaruh metode pra-proses data yaitu penghalusan 3 titik, turunan pertama Savitzky-golay 9 titik, serta kombinasi penghalusan 3 titik dengan turunan pertama Savitzky-golay 9 titik terhadap ketelitian model kalibrasi juga dianalisis. Model prediksi dikembangkan dengan menggunakan regresi partial least square (PLS). Model prediksi dengan spektroskopi near infrared yang dikembangkan menghasilkan koefisien korelasi, standard error calibration(SEC) dan konsistensi untuk kandungan pati adalah 0.95, 1.20%, dan 86.89% yang diperoleh dari data praproses turunan pertama Savitzky-golay 9 titik, untuk total padatan terlarut, yaitu 0.90, 1.34oBrix, dan 86.24% yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan kombinasi antara penghalusan 3 titik dan turunan pertama Savitzkygolay 9 titik, sedangkan untuk kadar air yaitu 0.78, 0.850%, dan 99.74% diperoleh dengan menggunakan penghalusan 3 titik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model prediksi spektroskopi near infrared untuk menduga kandungan internal dari buah mangga arumanis telah dikembangkan dengan baik.Kata kunci: spektroskopi near infrared, kualitas internal, kemometrik, mangga, non destruktifDiterima: 10 Desember 2014; Disetujui: 09 Maret 201
Prediksi Kualitas Biodiesel Berdasarkan Komposisi Asam Lemak Bahan Mentah (Minyak-lemak)
No full textAbstract The characteristics of biodiesel are similar to diesel fuels, and therefore biodiesel becomes a strong candidate to replace the diesel fuels if the need areses. Biodiesel standard- so called SNI 04-7182-2006 has been approved by the Indonesian National Standardization Agency (BSN). The basic fuel properties for biodiesel are influenced by the fatty acid composition of the feedstock such as the sensity, viscosity, cetane number, heating value and cloud point. Therefore, the value of these properties can be predicted from the fatty acids composition of the feedstock using the blending equations. This work uses pure component data for methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, and methyl oleate to develop and test blending equations for the prediction of the basic fuel properties. The results from the blending equations are compared with literature values for biodiesel for a number of triglyceride sources such as palm and jatropha oils. Typical average errors are less than 10% for the density, cetane number and healting value. The blending equation for the viscosity and cloud point are suitable only for a speciefed biodiesel. Keywords: biodiesel, basic fuel properties, blending equation , SNI Diterima: 28 Mei 2007; Disetujui: 22 Agustus 2001
PENERAPAN LOGIKA FUZZY PADA PENILAIAN MUTU TEH HITAM ORTHODOX
No full textABSTRACT In testing quality process of the orthodox black tea by using tea organoleptic expert, there is often found a problem of tester sensoric restriction. Based on this conditon the research has been carried out by using fuzzy modelling technique, which aimed to explore ruther more about how fuzzy method can concordance with fuzzy range value on black olthodox tea assesment. So that, it could be more objective on quality evalualion. The research has beld on May to June 2005 in tea plantation facility of PTPN Vlll Malabar. Pangalengan, and Tea and Cinchona Research Center (Pusat Penelitian Ten dan Kina -PPTK) Gembung, Cieidey, West Java. This fuzzy method can keep a record experience of the orthodox black tea tester and also correct the result of the determination done by the tester, Based on the parametrik LSD test and non-parametrik Mann-Whitney, there is no significant value diference In the result of the determination done by the tester and by using the fuzzy logic. So that the fuzzy logic method can be used as a method in orthodox black tea quality determination. But The method can not be used if there is a far diference in the tea determination between one tester to the others. Tbe best defuzzification method for tea quality detemination in this occasion is Smallest of Maximum (SOM) method.Keyword: Fuzzy Logic, Orthodox Black Tea, Quality Determination. Diterima: 30 Juli 2007; Disetujui: 22 Agustus 200
ANALlSIS PINDAH PANAS PADA PENDINGINAN DALAM TANAH UNTUK SISTEM HIDROPONIK
No full textABSTRACTZone cooling is used in greenhouses to maintain the area surrounding the plants at a level of temperature that is not too high and can be tolerated by the plants, even though air temperature inside the greenhouse rises some degrees above the temperetute level of outside air. Cooling the root zone by distributing the cooled nutrient solution is one of the most effective methods of zone cooling. In this experiment, ground environment with a relatively low temperature has been used to reduce the temperature of nutrient solution by placing trio nulriont solution tank in ebout 7 m depth under the ground (surface) It has been shown that tne method was efficient in energy use, because It need only energy for pumping the water from the depth to the floor level through a vertical pipe. Temperature of nutrient solution flowing out from the emitter with the tank placed under the ground (surface) could be maintained 0.1 to 1.9 °C lower than that sourced from tank placed at floor level. A heat transfer model has been developed to prodict the nutrient solution temperature flowing out from the vertical pipe. It has been shown that the predicted temperature of nutrient solution agreed well with that of the measured temperatures. Keywords: drip Irrigation system, heat transfer analysis, ground cooling. Diterima: 11 Agustus 2007; Disetujui: 3 Nopember 2007
Aplikasi Zone Cooling pada Sistem Aeroponik Kentang Di Dataran Medium Tropika Basah
Get PDFAbstractSupplies of seed potatoes in Central Java is more than 12,000 tons per year, but that can be provided only about 300 tons. From this condition, there is a large market opportunity for the provision of seed potatoes. Highland for planting potatoes in Indonesia is still limited. Therefore, the cultivation of the potato in the plains of the medium is one of the efforts to help the production of seed. The high temperature in the plains of the medium can be resolved through aeroponics system with limited cooling (zone cooling). The purpose of this study is to obtain an appropriate cooling temperature on seed potato production in medium land. Aeroponic cultivation techniques used with 3 zone cooling (15 °C, 19 °C and 24 °C) and controls. Potato varieties used in this study is Granola is from tissue culture .The results showed that the highest plant cooling obtained at day and night regions 19 °C and 24 °C at night. The highest number of leaves was obtained at 24 °C day and night. The highest number of tubers obtained at 19 °C day and night.Keywords : aeroponics, medium wet tropical climates, potato, seed, , zone coolingAbstrakKebutuhan benih kentang di Jawa Tengah lebih dari 12.000 ton per tahun, tapi baru dapat dipenuhi sekitar 300 ton. Dari kondisi ini, ada peluang pasar yang besar untuk penyediaan bibit kentang. Dataran tinggi untuk menanam kentang di Indonesia masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, budidaya kentang di dataran medium adalah salah satu upaya untuk membantu produksi benih. Suhu tinggi di dataran medium dapat diselesaikan melalui sistem aeroponik dengan pendingin terbatas (zone cooling). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan suhu pendingin yang sesuai pada produksi benih kentang secara aeroponik didataran medium. Teknik budidaya aeroponik menggunakan 3 zona pendinginan (15 oC, 19 oC dan 24 oC) dan kontrol. Varietas kentang yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Granola dari kultur jaringan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman tertinggi diperoleh pada pendinginan siang dan malam suhu 19 °C dan pendinginan 24 °C di malam hari. Jumlah daun tertinggi diperoleh pada suhu 24 °C siang danmalam. Jumlah umbi tertinggi diperoleh pada suhu 19 °C siang dan malam.Kata kunci: aeroponik, benih kentang, dataran medium tropika basah, zone coolingDiterima: 01 Maret 2013; Disetujui: 03 Juni 201
Analisis Gaya Spesifik Pemotongan Sabut Kelapa Muda (Cocos nucifera)
Get PDFAbstractTo design a young coconut trimming machine, it’s important to analyze the cutting mechanism of young coconut husk. The aim of this study were to analyze the cutting mechanism of young coconut husk and generate mathematical model of specific cutting force. Sharpening angle, cutting angle and sharpened knife were optimized to get the lowest cutting force. Mathematical model has been generated to estimate the maximum cutting force for one side sharpened knife and two side sharpened knife with cutting angle (θ) at 0Oand above 0O. Based on the analysis of this study, the type of knife that require the lowest cutting force is two side sharpened knife with sharpening angle (β) = 10O and cutting angle (θ)= 30O.Keywords : coconut husk , cutting angle, cutting force, knife, mathematical model.AbstrakUntuk merancang alat trimming kelapa muda, penting untuk melakukan analisis mekanisme pemotongan sabut kelapa muda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mekanisme pemotongan sabutkelapa muda dan membangun model matematika pendugaan gaya spesifik pemotongan. Variasi faktor sudut ketajaman, sudut potong, dan sisi mata pisau dioptimalkan untuk menghasilkan gaya potong terendah.Model matematika telah dibangun untuk menduga gaya pemotongan maksimum untuk pisau satu sisi menajam dan dua sisi menajam dengan sudut potong (θ) 0O dan diatas 0O. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkanbahwa jenis pisau yang menghasilkan gaya pemotongan terendah adalah pisau dua sisi menajam dengan sudut ketajaman 10O dan sudut potong 30O.Kata kunci: gaya pemotongan, model matematika, pisau, sabut kelapa, sudut potong.Diterima: 13 Maret 2014; Disetujui:10 Juli 201
Sistem Kontrol Irigasi PID
Get PDFAbstractIrrigation application on agriculture is used to fulfill plant water requirement. In its application, irrigation water should be used optimally. However in the field, irrigation activities are generally wasteful practicesthat may impact on the increasing cost for water requirement. Under these conditions automatic irrigation system which could provide water with expected conditions for the plants, are needed, especially for largearea where the use of wireless automatic irrigation system is applicable. The advantages of the automatic system among others are the data could easily be downloaded and the devices could be easily installed. If it is installed properly, the system could facilitate the monitoring of irrigation in the region. In this study, PID model (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) is used for irrigation control systems and sensor connection with the logger (ATMega328 microcontroller). The objectives of this study is to improve irrigation efficiency by providing irrigation water required using control irrigation systems. The benefits of this approach is to provide an alternative method of automatic irrigation system for areas with limited water supply because this system is able to distribute the amount of irrigation water according to crop requirement.Keywords: automatic irrigation, control system, PIDAbstrakPemberian air irigasi pada lahan pertanian bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air tanaman. Dalam pemanfaatannya, air irigasi harus digunakan secara optimum. Namun pada kenyataannya kegiatan irigasi memberikan dampak boros air sehingga berdampak pada meningkatnya kebutuhan ekonomi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air tanaman. Dengan kondisi tersebut, perlu dibuat suatu sistem irigasi otomatis yang mampu menyediakan air untuk tanaman dengan kondisi yang diharapkan, untuk area yang luas menggunakan system irigasi otomatis nirkabel. Kelebihan dari sistem ini diantaranya data mudah didownload dan perangkat mudah diinstalasi sehingga dapat memudahkan dalam monitoring seluruh kawasan irigasi. Pada penelitian ini digunakan model PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) dalam sistem kendali irigasi dan koneksi sensor dengan logger (mikrokontroler ATMega328) menggunakan sistem nirkabel (wireless) dengan memanfaatkan perangkat Xbee/xbee Pro. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan simulasi PID diaplikasikan pada prototipe irigasi tanah perlakuan. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan efisiensi dan mengetahui jumlah air irigasi yang diperlukan dengan sistem irigasi kontrol nirkabel (wireless). Manfaat dari penelitian ini sendiri adalah memberikan alternatife sistem irigasi otomatis untuk kawasan dengan ketersediaan air terbatas karena sistem ini mampu mengatur pemberiaan air irigasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman (efisiensi terhadap penggunaan air irigasi).Kata kunci: irigasi otomatis, PID, sistem kontrolDiterima: 02 April 2014 ;Disetujui :28 Juli 201