Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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ANALlSIS ENERGI DAN SEBARAN SUHU PADA GASIFIER UNGGUN TETAP
No full textABSTRACT Performance test of Imbert Downdraft Gesifier by using cyclone as an auxiliary for tar filtering has been conducted with three kinds of feeding chips, i. e; borneo wood, tamarind wood and leucena wood. The research has been developed to support as an energy source for combined heat power generation. Gesifier will be coupled to diesel generating set and waste heat from the exhaust gas will be used as energy source for an adsorption type refrigeration system. The test had produced the best combustible gas with the chemical composition CO = 55,59 %, CH4 = 0,14 %, C2H6 = 0,3 % and C3H8= 0, 08 %. The maximum temperature 1142 oC has been found in oxidation zone based on the leucena wood test, meanwhile the calculation result of energy availability for the combustible gas was 60,39 kW and specific energy availability was 0,082 kg/kWh. The test result of temperature distribution along the reactor compare to numerical solution of mathemathicai modelling has got the similar curve. Diterima: 26 Pebruari 2007, Disetujui: 25 Mei 200
VENTlLASI ALAMIAH PADA RUMAH KACA STANDARD PEAK TIPE CURAM TERMODIFtKASI
No full textABSTRACT During the daytime in the tropical region, air temperature inside the greenhouse rises some degrees above the temperature level of outside air. Many greenhouses are build very tight. It formed hot air pocket in upper part of the greenhouse. A modification should be done to allow maximum air exchange rate through natural ventilation. This paper deals with the evaluation of natural ventilation role in reducing air temperature in the modified greenhouse as compared to that in the existing greenhouse. Results showed thal greenhouse modification by increasing the area of side wall openings added 11.82 % air flow rate and reduced the temperature of the inside air about 1°C to 3 °C. The calculated air exchange In both greenhouses agreed well with the measured values. Keywords: greenhouse in the tropics, neutral pressure level, air exchange rate. Diterima: 29 Juni 2007; Disetujui: 19 Agustus 2007
DESAIN ALAT PENGEBOR TANAH UNTUK MEMBUAT LUBANG TANAM TANAMAN TAHUNAN
No full textABSTRACT Making hole for planting perennial crops in Indonesia, especially in the farmer\u27s plantation is still dominated by simple equipment such as hoe, manual drill etc,. while using heavy equipment such as post-hole-digger is performed only by big estates. For this reason, it is necessary to design soil-hale-digger machine which suits the field condition in Indonesia. The design was bused on Pahl and Beitz method which optimizing the use of meterial, technology and economic condition and consist of severeral stops, namely, classification of the tasks, conceptual design, embodiment design and detail design. Structural design of the post-hole-digger consisted of several main components, namely, source of power. power delivery. power transmission system, point of drill and edge of point. Source of power used was a two-stroke gasoline engine of 2.38 kW delivered through a centrifugal clutch and transmitted by worm gear with 10 : 1ratio. Keywords: design, soil-hale-digger, planting, perennial crops Diterima: 8 Mei 2007; Disetujui: 22 Oktober 200
Efektifitas Riverbank Filtration Terhadap Parameter Fisik (TDS) di Sungai Cihideung
Get PDFAbstractWater is a natural resource that is necessary for the livelihood of many people, even by all living things. Data Ministry of Public Works in 2006 mentions the availability of water in Indonesia amounted to 15,500cubic meters per capita per year, far higher than the global availability averaged only 600 m3. If drawn, the amount of water covers 21% of Indonesia Pacific Ocean. However, the overflow Indonesia does notnecessarily solve the problem of water crisis which is also predicted to fall on two major islands in 2015. The general objective of this research is to develop and implement technological innovations RBF (RiverbankFiltration) to support the needs of irrigation water Watershed Cisadane, making RBF (Riverbank Filtration) as a natural water treatment in Cisadane River area, and water quality data information through RBF(Riverbank Filtration) Cisadane Watershed.Keywords: clean water crisis, the recovery of water quality, riverbank filtration technologyAbstrakAir merupakan sumberdaya alam yang diperlukan untuk hajat hidup orang banyak, bahkan oleh semua makhluk hidup. Data kementerian PU tahun 2006 menyebutkan ketersediaan air di Indonesia sebesar 15.500 m3 per kapita per tahun, jauh lebih tinggi dari tingkat ketersediaan global yang rata-rata hanya 600 m3. Kalau digambarkan, jumlah air Indonesia mencakup 21% Samudera Pasifik. Akan tetapi, limpahan air Indonesia tidak serta-merta menyelesaikan masalah krisis air bersih yang diprediksi juga akan menimpa dua pulau mayor pada 2015 nanti. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan menerapkan inovasi teknologi RBF (Riverbank Filtration) untuk mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan air irigasi Daerah Aliran Sungai Cisadane, menjadikan RBF (Riverbank Filtration) sebagai pengolahan air yang alami di daerah Sungai Cisadane, dan mendapatkan informasi data kualitas air melalui RBF (Riverbank Filtration) Daerah Aliran Sungai Cisadane. Keluaran yang dari penelitian ini adalah kualitas parameter fisik air dengan pemanfaatan riverbank filtration meningkat karena turunnya parameter fisik TDS.Kata kunci : krisis air bersih, pemulihan kualitas air, teknologi Riverbank FiltrationDiterima: 13 Mei 2013; Disetujui:15 Agustus 201
Rancang Bangun Konverter Biogas untuk Motor Bensin Silinder Tunggal
Get PDFAbstractThe need for energy continues to increase along with the increase of population in Indonesia. This is in contrast with the fact that the main oil energy source is reducing day by. To overcome this problem renewableenergy sources such as biogas becomes very important. Methane content in the biogas ranged between 60-65 %, where the value is large enough to be used as an energy source replacement of gasoline. The purpose of this study is to design a converter that is capable to perform biogas and air mixing for optimum use of biogas in gasoline engine. The main parts of biogas converter are the venturi, choke valves , throttle valves, as well as the coupler to the engine. Testing was done by applying converter on a gasoline engine with biogas fuel. Engine performance was tested using a dynamometer and the results are compared with the performance of the motor using gasoline fuel. Test results show that the optimal power is achieved at 0979 kW at 3146 rpm and a torque of 4.3 Nm, while the motor power with gasoline kW and a torque of 1.86 Nm at 6:21.Keywords: renewable energy, biogas, converter, gasoline engine, agricultural machineryAbstrakKebutuhan energi terus meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk di Indonesia. Hal ini berkebalikan dengan kenyataan bahwa sumber energi utama kita sehari - hari, yaitu minyak bumi terus menipis. Untuk mengatasi kelangkaan ini diperlukan adanya sumber energi baru dan terbarukan, salah satunya biogas. Kandungan metana dalam biogas berkisar antara 60 - 65 %, dimana nilai ini cukup besaruntuk dijadikan sebagai sumber energi pengganti bahan bakar bensin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sebuah konverter yang mampu mencampur biogas dan udara dengan campuran yang tepatdan agar motor bensin mampu beroperasi dengan bahan bakar biogas secara optimal. Konverter yang dirancang memiliki bagian - bagian utama yaitu venturi, selongsong venturi, katup choke, katup throttle, serta dudukan. Pengujian konverter dilakukan dengan cara memasangkan konverter pada motor bensin 4 tak dan menjalankan motor dengan bahan bakar biogas. Selanjutnya motor diuji kinerjanya menggunakandinamometer dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan kinerja motor menggunakan bahan bakar bensin. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan daya optimal yang dicapai sebesar 0.98 kW pada 3146 rpm dan torsi sebesar 4.31 Nm, sementara daya motor dengan bahan bakar bensin sebesar 1.86 kW dan torsi sebesar 6.21 Nm.Kata kunci: energi terbarukan, biogas, konverter, motor bensin, alat mesin pertanianDiterima: 01 Oktober 2013; Disetujui: 07 Januari 201
Mekanisme Penangkap Tandan Buah Sawit dan Pemanfaatan Energi Potensialnya
Get PDFAbstractIn oil palm harvesting, falling fruit bunches have a considerable potential energy, which can be captured and used to power the wheelbarrow in evacuating the fruit bunches. This study was conducted to design a mechanism of oil palm fresh fruit bunches catchment and its potential energy utilization. The potential energy of falling fruit bunches during oil palm harvesting that stored in the flat spiral spring, and used to drivethe wheelbarrow. The actual energy potential and torque performance of flat spiral spring was measured by using a torque and potential energy measuring apparatus. The results showed that the potential energyfrom falling fruit bunches could store in the flat spiral spring mechanism, with storage efficiency of 39.39%. By means of 1.5 rotation of flat spiral spring, the maximum torque of the flat spiral spring was 53.35 Nm.The utilization of potential energy that stored in the flat spiral spring has been successfully used to drive the wheelbarrow, with utilization efficiency of 80.39%. By using the potential energy of 38.64 J, wheelbarrow could move as far as 0.41 m to evacuate 48 kg of total weight loads.Keywords: oil palm, harvesting,potential energy, catchment mechanism, wheelbarrow.AbstrakDalam pemanenan kelapa sawit, tandan buah yang jatuh memiliki energi potensial yang cukup besar, yang dapat ditangkap dan digunakan sebagai daya penggerak angkong dalam mengevakuasi tandan buah segar (TBS). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merancang sebuah mekanisme penangkap TBS yang sekaligus dapat menyimpan energi potensialnya. Energi potensial yang terkandung pada TBS saat pemanenan disimpan pada flat spiral spring dan akan dimanfaatkan sebagai daya untuk menggerakan angkong. Torsi dan energi potensial pada flat spiral spring diukur secara aktual melalui sebuah aparatus pengukur torsi dan energi potensial untuk pegas tipe spiral. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa energi potensial TBS dapat disimpan pada flatspiral spring dengan efesiensi penyimpanan sebesar 39.39%. Melalui input 1.5 putaran pada flat spiral spring, torsi maksimum yang dapat dicapai oleh flat spiral spring adalah sebesar53.35 Nm. Bentuk pemanfaatan energi yang tersimpan dalam flat spiral spring telah berhasil dimanfaatkan untuk menggerakan roda angkong dengan efisiensi pemanfaatan sebesar 80.39%. Energi potensial sebesar 38.64 J telah dapat menggerakan angkong sejauh 0.41 m dengan bobot total mesin seberat 48 kg.Kata kunci : kelapa sawit, pema nenan, energi potensial, mekanisme penangkap, angkong.Diterima: 19 Juni 2014 ;Disetujui: 22 September 201
Evaluasi Sistem Penggerak dan Modifikasi Mesin Penanam Jagung Bertenaga Traktor Tangan
Get PDFAbstractTo improve the performance of corn planter powered by hand tractor, the following efforts were carried out: a) the evaluation of minimum tillage (strip tillage) using rotary tiller, b) the evaluation of the performance of the drive system for seed metering device; and c) modifications of the planting and fertilizing units. The machine capacity to be improved by using two planting rows in one pass. The machine was driven by a hand tractor equipped with a rotary tiller unit. The experiment results show that the strip tillage using the rotary tiller could be done when the soil is plowed, in a relatively loose condition. Among the five types of drive wheel to rotate the seed metering device, lugged rubber wheel had the lowest level of sliding (21- 22%), and produced seed spacing of the closest to the target (19-21 cm). The evaluation showed that one drive wheel is not able to drive two units of seed metering device and two units of fertilizer metering device. Rotation of tractor axle can be used effectively to drive the rotor of two units of the fertilizer applicator and corn seed metering devices of two planter units, using the sprocket-chain transmission. Modifications were constructed for two planting units; two fertilizing units; and the addition of drive system for the metering devices using rotation of the tractor axle.Keywords: Planting machine, fertilizer applicator, corn, tractor wheel axle, hand tractorAbstrakUntuk meningkatkan kinerja mesin penanam dan pemupuk jagung bertenaga traktor tangan, telah dilakukan: a) evaluasi pengolahan tanah minimal (strip tillage) menggunakan unit pengolah tanah rotari, b) evaluasi kinerja sistem penggerak bagian penjatah benih; dan c) modifikasi pada unit penanam dan pemupuk jagung. Kapasitas mesin ditingkatkan dengan penanaman dua alur dalam satu lintasan. Mesinpenanamdigerakkan oleh traktor tangan yang dilengkapi unit pengolah tanah rotari. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan tanah strip dengan unit pengolah tanah rotari bisa dilakukan dengan baik bila tanah sudah dibajak, dalam kondisi yang relatif gembur. Dari lima jenis roda bantu untuk menggerakkan sistem penjatah benih, roda penggerak karet bersirip memiliki tingkat luncuran yang paling rendah (21-22%), dan menghasilkan jarak tanam benih yang paling mendekati target (19-21 cm). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa sebuah roda bantu tidak mampu menggerakkan dengan baik dua unit penjatah benih dan dua unit penjatah pupuk. Putaran poros roda traktor dapat digunakan secara efektif untuk menggerakkan poros rotor penjatah pupuk pada dua unit pemupuk dan poros piringan penjatah benih jagung pada dua unit penanam, menggunakan transmisi sproket-rantai. Modifikasi terlah berhasil dilakukan pada unit penanam, pemupuk dan penambahan sistem penggerak unit penjatah benih dan pupuk dari putaran poros roda traktor.Kata kunci: Mesin penanam, pemupuk, jagung, poros roda traktor, traktor tanganDiterima: 06 November 2014; Disetujui: 05 Februari 201
PENGARUH SUHU MEDIA PEMBEKU TERHADAP EFISIENSI EKSERGI DAN LAJU PEMBEKUAN
No full textABSTRACT The concept of exergy is defined as the maximum theoretical work that would be delivered by a system as it comes into equilibrium with the environment. This method is used to analyze the freezing process. Objective of the research is study of effect medium temperature toward exergy efficiency and freezing rate.The research indicated that lower medium temperature of freezer resulted in a higher freezing rate but with lower exergy officiency. In case of sliced beef meat, freezing rate of 3 cm/h can be obtained with temperature stage of Tma = -3 oC, Tmf = -15 and Tmb = -21 oC, with exergy efficiency 58 %.Diterima: 12 Januari 2007, Disetujui: 20 Mei 200
STUDI KELAYAKAN TERHADAP PROYEK LEMBAH SUNGAI MUSI BANYUASIN BAGIAN 1: STUDI UMUM SEDIMENTASI
No full textABSTRACT This is an extract of a feasibility-study report on the two projects, \u27Consolidation of Infrastructure of Biofuel Industry,in Musi- Banyuasin regency and ditto in Banyuasin regency. PART 1 is of general studies on sediment in the Musi-Banyuasin River system where the project sites are located. The primary objective of this report is to forward solution to the sediment-origin problems, which is a compulsory subject for any projects in the Musf-Banyuasin River system. To attain this objective, it clears the following secondary objectives, viz. (a) identifying every problem hindering human lives and activities, (b) drawing a hypothesis about causality, (e) determining basic data by field surveys, lab tests and data analyses and (d) authenticating the hypothesis to be a theory. To achieve these objectives, the studies have gone forward with four represenfative objects, viz. (i) the Muba River system as a wholee, (ii) the lower reaches of the main stream, (iii) the biggest tributary ,and (iv) the biggest dis-tributary. It concludes that sediment is the sole cause of major problems, forwards measures to solve the problems, and suggests do\u27s and don’ts. PART 2, \u27Particular Studies on a Certain Project,\u27 explains how the results of PART 1 are applied to the project. PART 1 leaves the verification of the suggested technical systems to full-scale/ in-situ model tests that are elaborated in PART 2 and to baexecuted in the first step of each project. Keywords: sedimant-effects, In-swamp irrigation / transportation Diterima: 8 Juli 2007; Disetujui: 22 Agustus 200
OPTIMALlSASI PRODUKSI TEBU DENGAN PROGRAM LINEAR PADA PABRIK GULA TAKALAR SULAWESI SELATAN
No full textABSTRACTThe aim of the optimization of sugar cane production at PG Takalar is allocate all resources proportionally to get the maximal production according to factory design attached witt relatively low cost. The optimizetion was conducted with linear programming. The result showed that optimal planting period for the plant cane is June, July. October, and November, while for retoon is June up to November. The varieties those give the optimal production is Camp, F.154, Others, PS.61, PS.85-1. Q.81, and ROC. 10. The optimal portion of plant category was 25% plant cane, 30% retoon I. 25% retoon II and 20% of ratoon III. By optimization, the total area of 3.213 ha potentially can produce 192.036. 13 ton/year, which is increase about 115% from the regular practice. Keyword: Linear programming, optimization, plant cane, sugar cane Diterima: 30 Oktober 2007: Disetujui:22 Nopember 2007