Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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RANCANGAN HIDROLlKA IRIGASI TETES UNTUK TANAMAN SEMANGKA DI LAHAN KELOMPOK TANI SEROPAN MAKMUR, KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL, D.I. YOGYAKARTA
No full textABSTRACT Hydraulic design of trickle irrigation sub unit is very important to achieve high irrigation uniformity and efficiency of its schemes. The sub unit is a pipeline in a trickle irrigation block which is consists of a manifold line, some laterals and emitters. The hydraulic criteria has been used in the design of trickle irrigation scheme for water melon (Citrullus vulgaris L.) at an existing pipeline system of surface irrigation scheme in Seropan Area, Yogyakarta. The hydraulic criteria includes pipeline hydraulics of lateral and manifold, system capacity, and total dynamic head. The number and size of sub unit has been designed, and the head losses (hf) at lateral and manifold were ≤ 11% and ≤ 9% of emitter operating pressure (Ha) respectivel. Theoritically, variation of emitter discharge will vary at 1.16-1.61%. Diterima: 2 Januari 2007; Disetujui: 30 Januari 2007
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN UNTUK PENDUGAAN SUHU UDARA DI DALAM RUMAH KACA
No full textABSTRACT During the daytime in tropical region, air temperature inside the greenhouse higher than the outside air temperature. The prediction of air ternpereture inside the greenhouse can be done by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The neural network model consist of three layers, there are input layer, hidden layer and output layer. The input layer consist of eight nodes, there are wind velocity, air humidity, air pressure, outside air temperature, daily rainfall, solar radiation, roof temperature and floor temperature. The output layer is inside air temperature of the greenhouse. The ANN models were developed with different proportion of training and validation data. Validation of the model had been done by using standard error prediction, bias and Coefficient of Variation. It had been shown that the ANN model could explain the complicated relationship among greenhouse parameter, effectively. Diterima: 27 Pebruari 2007; Disetujui: 9 Maret 2007
PEMETAAN ISOPHREATIC KONTUR UNTUK MENDUGA ARAH ALlRAN CEMARAN LINDI DI BAWAH PERMUKAAN TANAH (STUDI KASUS PADA TPA SAMPAH GALUGA)
No full textABSTRACTThis research proposed to asses seepage flow pattern at TPA Geluga. Hydrogeology isophreatic contour could be used to asses seepeqe flow pottern. Mapping was based on weter table elevation measurements In the areas. Isophreatic contour was made by inter polating several points measurements. Seepage flow pattern could be defined from isophreatic map. From isophreatic map there were 2 flow patterns at TPA Galuga: seepage flow pattern to North and sinked seepage flow pattern caused by it. The area was permanently polluted bymeans of leachate sinked seepage flow pattern Keywords: seepage, leachate, isophreatic mapDiterima: 27 April 2007; Disetujui: 19 Agustus 200
VALIDASl SPESIFlKASI CAMPURAN BIODIESEL-SOLAR HASIL PENGUKURAN DENGAN METODA PERHITUNGAN SEDERHANA
No full textABSTRACT Biodiesel is a fuel derived from vegetable oil or animal fats that can be used as an additive to or entirely replace conventional petroleum diesel fuel. In most cases, biodiesel is mixed with conventional diesel because of the higher cost of biodiesel, product availability and engine compatibility issues. In Indonesia, the decree No. 3675K/24/DJM/2006 regarding the quality and specification of diesel oil type Solsr 48 and Solar 51 has been issued this decree regulates the use of FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) up to the maximum of 10 percent of the volume of automotive diesel fuel with which it is to be blended. The cost to measure the properlles of fuel is expensive and time consuming, therefore it is important to develop a simple method to predict those blending properties. This paper presents the development of a simple calculation method for the validation of blend palm biodiesel-mineral diesel specification (density, viscosity, cetane number and lubricity) which has been measured in the author\u27s previous study The result shows that the lubricity and viscosity shows a higher average error value (difference value between calculation and measurement result) of 1.66% and 1.35%, whereas density and cetane number shows lower average error values of 0.06 and 0.6%. The average error value less than 2% is still acceptable. Keywords: Biodiesel, blend, fuel properties, density. cetane, viscosity, lubricity Diterima; 20 Agustus 2007; Disetujui: 31 Agustus 200
Modifikasi dan Uji Kinerja Kompor Spiral dengan Bahan Bakar Minyak Jarak Pagar
Get PDFAbstractEnergy crisis in Indonesia is still a problem that has not been fully resolved. Kerosene as the primary fuel for cooking, the price is very expensive (at Rp 8000.-/liter). Until now, the pressure cooker kerosene isstill used by cake makers, bread, and noodle. By modifying the part of the cup rubbing alcohol and add a protective piping hot, the stove can be used with pressurized fuel Jatropha oil. Tobacco industry, ceramic and asphalt still use the stove. The purpose of this study is to obtain a prototype pressure cooker spiral type, fueled with jatropha oil by modifying the part of the reservoir cup rubbing alcohol, pipe and nozzle heat shield oil expenses. Modified pressure cooker and test performance using Jatropha oil is obtained as follows: the fuel consumption of 935 ml / hour; pre-heating 17 minutes; time required to boil 2 liters of waterwas 5 minutes; noise level of 83.3 dB and the reddish color of blue flame.Keywords : pressure stove, jatropha oil, spiral type cooker, modification.AbstrakKrisis energi di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah yang belum sepenuhnya teratasi. Minyak tanah sebagai bahan bakar utama untuk memasak, harganya menjadi sangat mahal (mencapai Rp 8,000,-/liter). Sampai saat ini, kompor bertekanan berbahan bakar minyak tanah masih digunakan oleh pembuat kue, roti, dan mie. Dengan memodifikasi pada bagian cawan tempat spiritus dan menambahkan pipa pelindung panas,maka kompor bertekanan dapat digunakan dengan bahan bakar minyak jarak pagar. Industri pengovenan tembakau, keramik dan pengaspalan masih menggunakan kompor tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian iniadalah untuk mendapatkan prototipe kompor bertekanan tipe spiral yang berbahan bakar minyak jarak pagar dengan cara memodifikasi pada bagian cawan penampung spiritus, pipa pelindung panas dan noselpengeluaran minyak. Hasil modifikasi dan uji kinerja kompor bertekanan dengan menggunakan minyak jarak pagar diperoleh sebagai berikut: konsumsi bahan bakar 935 ml/jam; pre-heating 17 menit; waktuuntuk mendidikan 2 liter air diperlukan waktu 5 menit; tingkat kebisingan 83.3 dB dan warna nyala api biru kemerahan.Kata kunci : kompor bertekanan, minyak jarak pagar, kompor tipe spiral, modifikasi.Diterima: 23 April 2013; Disetujui: 18 Juli 201
Transportasi dan Simulasinya dengan Pengemasan Curah untuk Cabai Keriting Segar
Get PDFAbstractRed chili is the one of agricultural commodity which is needed by Indonesian people and has high economic value. It’s perishable product and almost needed in fresh product, the packaging and transportationbecome a postharvest critical point for maintain the freshness of product in the time of distribution until the consumer hand. The objective of this research was to do the real transportation and transport simulationwith bulk packaging for fresh chili and to evaluate the effect of transportation and packaging to weight losses, hardness, colour and water content. Packaging method was performed in two kind of packagewhich is cardboard box and plastic crate. This research compared the ability of the packages (plastic crate and cardboard box) to maintain the quality of fresh chili. Transport simulation can represent the real transportation with the same condition of vibration. Weight losses, hardness, color and water content aren’t affected directly by transportation.Keywords: Red chili, postharvest, packaging, transportation, vibrationAbstrakCabai merah adalah salah satu komoditas pertanian yang dibutuhkan masyarakat Indonesia dan bernilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Cabai merah mudah rusak dan dibutuhkan dalam bentuk segar, sehingga cara pengemasan yang tepat serta transportasi yang baik menjadi titik kritis pascapanen untuk menjaga kesegaran produk pada saat didistribusikan sampai ke tangan konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan transportasi langsung dan simulasi transportasi dengan pengemasan curah pada cabai keriting segar dan mengevaluasi pengaruh dari transportasi dan pengemasan terhadap susut bobot, kekerasan, warna dan kadar air pada cabai keriting segar. Pengemasan dilakukan pada dua jenis kemasan yaitu kemasan karton (kardus) dan keranjang plastik. Penelitian ini membandingkan kemampuan kedua kemasan (keranjang plastik dan kardus) untuk mempertahankan kualitas cabai keriting segar. Simulasi Transportasi bisa merepresentasikan transportasi langsung di lapangan dengan kondisi getaran yang sama. Susut bobot, kekerasan, derajat warna dan kadar air tidak dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh transportasi.Kata kunci: cabai merah, pascapanen, pengemasan, transportasi, getaranDiterima: 25 November 2013; Disetujui:28 Januari 201
Pengembangan Konsep Zero Runoff System (ZROS) untuk Optimalisasi Kadar Air Tanah pada Lahan Perkebunan Non Irigasi
Get PDFAbstractOn non-irrigated farming land, soil water content was difficult to be maintained in field capacity condition. Zero runoff system (ZROS) attempted to utilize runoff and to convert it to backup soil water content using permeation structures. The objectives of this research was to analyze the changing of soil water content before and after ZROS had been applied and to calculate ZROS effectivity towards infiltrating rainfall. In this research, permeation structures in the research field was usingsilt pit and collector canal. The changing of soil water content before and after ZROS application was calculated by water balance model in therooting zone. The simulation result showed that after ZROS had been applied, the decreasing of soil water content in research field were ranging from -0.001 to -0.009 m3/m3, while before ZROS had been appliedit were ranging from -0.01 to -0.024 m3/m3. Besides that, ZROS also capable to increase soil water content in research field for 25.57%. The increasing of this soil water content was caused by ZROS ability that canhold and infiltrate 51.04% from total rainfall occurredeffectively.Keywords: permeation structure, runoff, soil water content, water balance model, zero runoff systemAbstrakPada lahan non irigasi, kadar air tanah sulit dipertahankan pada kondisi kapasitas lapang dan sangat tergantung pada curah hujan. Zero runoff system (ZROS) berupaya memanfaatkan limpasan permukaan dan mengkonversinya menjadi cadangan air tanahdengan menggunakan bangunan resapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan kadar air tanah sebelum dan sesudah penerapan ZROS serta menghitung efektifitas ZROS dalam meresapkan air hujan. Pada penelitian ini, bangunan resapan yang digunakan berupa rorak dan saluran pengumpul. Perubahan kadar air tanah yang terjadi sebelum dan sesudah diterapkan ZROS dihitung menggunakan model kesetimbangan air di dalam zona perakaran tanaman. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa setelah diterapkan ZROS, penurunan perubahan kadar air tanah berada pada kisaran -0.001 sampai -0.009 m3/m3 sedangkan sebelum ZROS sebesar -0.01 sampai -0.024 m3/m3. Selain itu, ZROS juga mampu meningkatkan kadar air tanah di lokasi penelitian sebesar 25.57%. Kenaikan kadar air tanah ini disebabkan oleh kemampuan ZROS yang secara efektif menampung dan meresapakan 51.04% dari curah hujan yang terjadi selama periode pengukuranKata Kunci : bangunan resapan, kadar air tanah, limpasan permukaan, model kesetimbangan air, zero runoff system.Diterima: 07 Mei 2014; Disetujui: 19 Agustus 201
Optimisasi Pemilihan Supplier Susu Murni untuk Produksi Susu Kental Manis dan Ready To Drink (Studi Kasus di PT. Frisian Flag Indonesia)
Get PDFAbstractFresh milk is the raw material in milk processing industries. In fact, the amount of fresh milk tend to decrease every year. PT Frisian Flag Indonesia (FFI) is one of Milk Processing Industries in Indonesia. FFI has 18 fresh milk suppliers which locate in DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java and East Java. This scarcity of fresh milk will affect the continuity of production in FFI. The high demands of sweetened condensed milk (SCM) and ready to drink (RTD) products constrain FFI to be selective in choosing suppliers. Due to limited amount of fresh milk supplies, optimization of fresh milk supplies needs to be carried out in order to maintain the business. It was expected that linear programming model could provide an overview of fresh milk allocation from each supplier, therefore the amount of supplier could be maintained. The results showed that FFI required only 14 out of 18 existing suppliers for producing SCM and RTD. FFI needed 30.6 billion rupiah of 31 billion rupiah for allocating fresh milk supplies budget. Post optimal analysis using the sensitivity analysis, we can see the changes in the amount of supply cost, fresh milk supplies, demand leveland budget cost to get know about the permitted changes but did not affect the optimal value obtained.Keywords: fresh milk, supply, demand, linear programming, sensitivity analysisAbstrakSusu murni merupakan bahan baku dalam industri pengolahan susu (IPS). Kenyataannya, jumlah susu murni selalu mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya. PT. Frisian Flag (FFI) merupakan salah satu dari IPSyang ada di Indonesia. Jumlah supplier FFI untuk susu murni mencapai 18 supplier yang tersebar di DKI, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Kelangkaan susu murni ini mempengaruhi kelangsungan produksi di FFI. Permintaan yang tinggi produk susu kental manis (SKM) dan ready to drink (RTD) mengharuskan FFI untuk selektif dalam memilih supplier yang ada. Dengan keterbatasan jumlah pasokan susu murni, perlu dilakukan optimisasi pengadaan susu murni. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menjaga kelangsungan bisnis perusahaan. Penggunaan model linear programming diharapkan mampu memberikan gambaran dalam pengalokasian susu murni dari setiap supplier sehingga jumlah pasokan bisa terjaga. Hasil akhir yang didapat dari penghitungan ini adalah dengan 18 supplier yang ada, FFI hanya membutuhkan 14 supplier untuk memproduksi SKM dan RTD. Selain itu, dengan biaya anggaran pasokan susu murni sebesar Rp 31 milyar per bulan, didapatkan hasil optimal sebesar Rp 30.6 milyar per bulan. Dengan bantuan analisis sensitivitas, perubahan jumlah biaya pasokan, supply susu murni, tingkat kebutuhan, dan anggaran biaya dapat dilihat untuk mengetahui perubahan yang diperbolehkan namun tidak mempengaruhi nilai optimal yang didapat.Kata kunci : susu murni, supply, permintaan, linear programming, analisis sensitivitasDiterima: 14 November 2014; Disetujui: 10 Februari 201
MEKANISME DAN TORSI PENGEPRASAN TUNGGUL TEBU MENGGUNAKAN PISAU BAJAK PIRING YANG DIPUTAR
No full textABSTRACT Cutting of sugar cane stubble is one of important activities in sugar cane agriculture system. Problems on labor and low quality of cutting have not been solved by manual cutting system. In addition, a kind of farm machinery, which work in rotating ways did not give a good result in doing the cutting of sugar cane stubble. Due to low quality of cutting and broken sugar cane stubble, it is not used any more. The problem of broken sugar cane stubble in mechanical cutting system should be solved by changing the system of cutting mechanism, prefering impact cutting to chips forming. The goal of the study is to analyze the mechanism of cutting on sugar cane stubble by using rotating disk plow and to develop a mathematical model in order to determine cutting force of sugar cane stubble. Method of analyzing on movement of node on edge is used to discribe a curve of edge movement. A mathematical model of cutting force was developed base on instant cutting area which was calculated using Simpson method, numerical integration system. Equations resulted from this study can be applied to simulate the movement of edge using input parameters, mainly: tilt angle, disk angle, angular velocity,linier velocity. Variety of PA 198 has the higher specific cutting resistance per area of cutting than the other varieties. The mathematical model developed can be used to determine the cutting force with a good result. Diterima: 12 Desember 2006, Disetujui: 12 Maret 2001
PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM PERAWATAN MESIN DI INDUSTRI PROSES
No full textABSTRACT For most companies, maintenance represents a very significant function within the overall production environment. The developments in automation, and the resulting complexity of the systems involved, have made the reliability of the machines even more important. This is especially true in the process industry, characterized by expensive specialized equipment and strict environmental considerations. Competition and the drive for profits are forcing companies to implement various productivity improvement efforts. Maintenance function, although is to serve to production, has a fundamental role since it has a direct effect over competition through its impact in productivity (global costs reduction).Diterima: 23 Agustus 2006; Disetujui: 20 Maret 200