Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Efek Paparan Musik dan Noise pada Karakteristik Morfologi dan Produktivitas Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica Juncea)
Get PDFAbstractThe objective of present study was to investigate the effect of various sounds on the green mustard’s (Brassica Juncea) morphology characteristic and productivity. The plant has been subjected to three various sound, namely classical music (rhythmic violin music), machine and traffic noise, and mixed sound (classical music and traffic noise) with 70-75 dB sound pressure level, from germination to harvest for three hours (7-10 am.) each day. Six parameters, i.e. germination, plant height, leaf width, leaf lenght, total plant lenght, and fresh weight, related with growth and productivity of plant were been monitored on regular basis.The results showed classical music improves germination up to 15% for 36 hours, plant height 13,5%, leaf width 14,8%, leaf length 14,2%, and wet weight 57,1%. In general, exposure to classical music gives thebest results on the morphological characteristics and productivity of green mustard.Keywords: Sound exposure, plant morphology , productivity, green mustardAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek paparan variasi suara terhadap karakteristik morfologi dan produktivitas tanaman sawi hijau. suara yang dipaparkan antara lain musik klasik (suara biola), bising lalu lintas dan mesin industri (noise) dan campuran antara musik klasik dan noise. Level suara yang digunakan berkisar antara 70-75 dB dimulai sejak masa perkecambahan hingga panen selama 3 jam tiap harinya dimulai pukul 07.00-10.00. Enam parameter yang diamati dan diambil datanya meliputi, daya berkecambah, tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, panjang daun, panjang tanaman total dan berat basah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musik klasik meningkatkan daya berkecambah sebesar 15%, tinggi tanaman sebesar 13,5%, lebar daun sebesar 14,8%, panjang daun sebesar 14,2%, dan berat basah sebesar 57,1%. Secara umum paparan musik klasik memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap karakteristik morfologi dan produktivitas sawi hijau.Kata kunci: Paparan suara, morfologi, produktivitas, sawi hijauDiterima: 21 Oktober 2013;Disetujui: 28 Januari 201
Analisis Computational Fluid Dynamics untuk Perancangan Reaktor Gasifikasi Sekam Padi Tipe Downdraft
Get PDFAbstractRice husk is one of biomass type which can be utilized as gasification’s feedstock for producing combustible gas which can be used as fuel in internal combustion engine. The objective of this research was to obtain the best design of small scale rice husk gasifier from among geometry scenarios by applying computational fluid dynamics method. The geometry scenarios used in this study were angle of throat 70O, 80O, and 90O, and also angle of nozzel 10O and 20O. The softwares used in this study were Gambit 2.4.6 (meshing 3D model) and Ansys Fluent 13.0 (simulation). The reactions involved in gasification (3 heterogeneous reactions and 6 homogeneous reactions) were solved by finite rate/Eddy dissipation model.Results of simulation showed that gasifier with angle of throat 90O and angle of nozzel 10O produced the highest heating value of gas with volume fraction of CO, H2, and CH4 is 14.49%, 9.65%, and 2.39% respectively. This result showed reasonable agreement with experimental data from other researchers on rice husk gasification.Keywords: rice husk, gasification, computational fluid dynamics, combustible gasAbstrakSekam padi merupakan salah satu biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan gasifikasi untuk menghasilkan gas mampu bakar yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar pada motor bakar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan desain reaktor gasifikasi sekam padi skala kecil yang terbaik dari beberapa skenario bentuk reaktor melalui metode computational fluid dynamics. Skenario bentuk geometri reaktor adalah sudut throat 70O, 80O, dan 90O, serta sudut nozel 10O dan 20O. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah Gambit 2.4.6 (pembuatan mesh model 3D) dan Ansys Fluent 13.0 (simulasi). Reaksi yang terlibat dalam proses gasifikasi (3 reaksi heterogen dan 6 reaksi homogen) diselesaikan dengan model finite rate/Eddy dissipation. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa reaktor dengan sudut throat 90O dan sudut nozel 10O menghasilkan nilai kalor gas paling tinggi dengan fraksi volume gas CO, H2, dan CH4 secara berturut – turut adalah 14.49%, 9.65%, dan 2.39%. Hasil simulasi cukup sesuai dengan data peneliti lain mengenai gasifikasi sekam padi.Kata kunci: sekam padi, gasifikasi, computational fluid dynamics, gas mampu bakarDiterima: 26 Mei 2014 ;Disetujui: 05 September 201
Rancang Bangun Piranti Lunak Sistem Konsultasi Pemilihan Teknologi Irigasi Bertekanan Berbasis Android
Get PDFAbstractSelection of appropriate irrigation system for cultivation process is to save water in agriculture by increasing the water use efficiency to avoid wastage in use of water for irrigation. Selection of irrigation system is based on the total water needs for irrigation, irrigation schedule, and the availability of irrigation system. This system developed to assist users in selecting the appropriate irrigation technology based on their crop and land conditions. This software is built on android-based operating system. This systemdeveloped using Waterfall models as approach model. The software input consist of details cultivation information plan furthermore that input used for analysis of total water needs for irrigation and hydraulics components requirement. This system displays the analysis results of irrigation water requirements and irrigation hydraulics components requirement successfully. This analysis results can be use by the user as a recomendation for selecting appropriate irrigation technologies.Keywords: software, irrigation technologies, androidAbstrakPemilihan teknologi irigasi yang tepat dalam proses budidaya tanaman merupakan salah satu cara untuk melakukan penghematan air dalam bidang pertanian dengan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air. Pemilihan teknologi irigasi ini dilakukan berdasarkan pada kebutuhan air irigasi, jadwal pemberian air irigasi, serta ketersediaan teknologi irigasi di pasaran. Piranti lunak yang dikembangkan merupakan salahsatu media yang diharapkan dapat membantu pengguna dalam memilih jenis teknologi irigasi yang sesuai dengan komoditas dan kondisi lahan yang dimiliki. Piranti lunak ini dibangun pada perangkat berbasisandroid. Tahap pengembangan sistem dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan Waterfall model. Dalam penggunaan piranti lunak, dibutuhkan input dari pengguna berupa detail budidaya yang untuk selanjutnya digunakan dalam analisis penentuan kebutuhan air irigasi dan kebutuhan hidrolika. Piranti lunak ini berhasil menampilkan hasil analisis kebutuhan air irigasi dan kebutuhan hidrolika irigasi untuk pemberian irigasi harian sesuai dengan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan. Hasil analisis ini dapat digunakan oleh pengguna sebagai pertimbangan untuk melakukan pemilihan teknologi irigasi yang sesuai.Kata kunci: piranti lunak, teknologi irigasi, androidDiterima: 19 Juni 2014 ;Disetujui: 22 September 201
Analisis Pindah Panas pada Pipa Utama Sistem Hidroponik dengan Pendinginan Larutan Nutrisi
Get PDFAbstractIn a hydroponic culture with root zone cooling system, the temperature of cooled nutrient solution rises during distribution to the root zone of the plants. The aims of the research were to analyze the heat transfer from environment to nutrient solution in the main pipe of irrigation for hydroponic system, to validate the heat transfer model, and to develop a guidance to determine the inlet temperature for nutrient solution cooling. Mathematical model for heat transfer in the pipe was developed from heat transfer and fluid flow equations. Temperature of nutrient solution at the inlet position in the main distribution pipe was calculated by using validated heat transfer model. Validation of heat transfer model was done to compare the calculated temperature of nutrient solution with that of measured temperature. The results of heat transfer model validation showed that the heat transfer model is accurate to predict the temperature of nutrient solution in the main pipe. Therefore, the heat transfer model has been used to develop a guidance to determine inlet temperature of nutrient solution for certain condition of thermal environment and expectedoutlet temperature of nutrient solution.Keywords: heat transfer analysis, nutrient solution cooling, main pipe, substrate hydroponic systemAbstrakDalam kultur hidroponik dengan sistem pendinginan terbatas, suhu larutan nutrisi mengalami kenaikan selama didistribusikan menuju zona perakaran tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukananalisis pindah panas pada pipa utama sistem hidroponik, melakukan validasi terhadap model pindah panas tersebut, dan mengembangkan panduan untuk menentukan suhu dalam pendinginan larutan nutrisi pada posisi inlet. Model matematika untuk pindah panas dalam pipa tersebut dikembangkan dari persamaan-persamaan pindah panas dan aliran fluida. Suhu dari larutan nutrisi pada posisi inlet dari pipa distribusi utama dihitung dengan menggunakan model pindah panas yang telah divalidasi. Validasi model pindah panas dilakukan untuk membandingkan suhu larutan nutrisi hasil perhitungan dengan hasil pengukuran. Hasil validasi dari model pindah panas menunjukkan bahwa model pindah panas akurat untuk memprediksi suhu larutan nutrisi di dalam pipa utama. Oleh karena itu, model pindah panas tersebut digunakan untuk mengembangkan panduan dalam menentukan suhu larutan nutrisi pada posisi inlet untukkondisi lingkungan tertentu dan suhu larutan nutrisi posisi outlet.Kata kunci: analisis pindah panas, pendinginan larutan nutrisi, pipa utama, sistem hidroponik substratDiterima: 09 Oktober 2014; Disetujui: 07 Januari 201
PERENCANAAN MANAJEMEN ASET IRIGASI (PMA): PENGEMBANGAN KONSEPSI DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA
No full textABSTRACT The Government of Republic Indonesia had positively responded the emerging of new paradigm on irrigation management. Government Act No. 7/2004 on water resources as well as tile new Government Regulation No. 20/2006 on irrigation state about concept on good governance in management of water resources as well as irrigation management. One of implementation of the concept is application of irrigation management asset. The Department of Agricultural Engineering, Gadjah Mada University. Yogyakarta had been developed the concept of irrigation asset management plan since 1995. This paper aims to discuss the concept development and its implementation in several irrigation systems in Java. Even though some constraints were also found, in some extend the implementation of irrigation asset management plan could help the management of irrigation system in providing several information in transparent way to all stakeholder especially farmers. Diterima: 15 Pebruari 2007; Disetujui: 4 Maret 2007
STUDI ANTRHROPOMETRY TRAKTOR TANGAN UNTUK OPERATOR DI LAHAN SAWAH
No full textABSTRACT This study was aimed to get ergonomic factors which influence working productivity and workload of operators in primary tillage operation according to specific land condition, environmental condition and local culture in South Kalimantan area. Artificial neural network models (ann) was used to formulate the non linear relationship among ergonomic factors of hand tractors. The ergonomic factors were anthropometry (height and width of hand tractor steer, age and weight of operators). The field measurment to determine working productivity of primery tillage used moldboard plow as hand tractors implement. Results of ann showed that working productivity in a range of 453 m2/h and 1284 m2/h and workload in a range of 106 p/m and 169 p/m. The younger operator have the best productivity. The model have accuracy of 89% for output model of working productivity and 96% for output model of workload in soil tillage. The Optimum result for height of steer in a range of 104 cm and 112 cm.Diterima: 2 Mei 2007, Disetujui: 17 Mei 200
PENGENDALIAN RESPIRASI UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN MUTU PASCA PANEN PRODUK SEGAR HORTIKULTURA
No full textABSTRACTThe Public demand on fresh horticultural products is fairly high, and the data showed for the past few years, the domestic and overseas demands for fresh (topical fruits have a tandency to incrase. Fresh horticultural are perishable ptoduces with limited of shelf life. Consequently, the continuity of fruit supply could be distrubed in terms of time, quantity, and quality. On the order hand, the moden market need the perpect delivery and want the fruits in the consumer hands in fresh, uniformly ripened, and ready to consume conditions. Biological products still carry out metabolic activity like respiration even after harvest, Most of the postharvest physico-chemical canges of frutis are related to respiration, such as maturity process, developmentof aroma and sweetness, softening of fruit meat, quality degradiation, etc. Thus, controlling the respiration process could be done for maintaining the qualityof fruits during post-hervest handling. Over the past years, the mathematical model for predicting and thus controlling respiration characteristics were already developed by many researchers. An application of the results of those research were also commercially used such as for Cold Storage, Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), Artifical Ripening (AR) and Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CAS). This paper will reviewed the importance of controlling the respiration in relation to perserved the quality of fresh horticultural products during post-harvest handling. Keyword: respiration, Modified Atmosphere Packaging/ MAP, Controlled Atmosphere Storage/ CAS, Cold Storage, Shelf life Diterima: 11 Juli 2007; Disetujui: 31 Agustus 200
THE CURRENT STATUS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW
No full textABSTRACTBiodiesel is addressed to the name of fuel which consist of mono-alkyl ester that made from renewable and biodegradable resources, such as oils from plants (vegetable oils), waste or used cooking oil, and animal fats. Such oils or fats are chemically reacted with alcohols or methanol In producing chernical compounds called fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and these reactions are called transesterification and esterification. Glycerol, used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry is produced from biodiesel production as a by-product. Researches on biodiesel as an alternative petroleum diesel have been done for more than 20 years. Transesterification reaction can be acid-catalyzed, alkali-catatyzed, or enzyme-catalyzed. Commercially biodiesel is processed by transesterification with alkali catalyst. This process, however, requires refining of products and recovery of catalysts, Such biodiesel production accelerates researches on biodiesel to obtain simpler methods, better quality. and minimum production cost. Besides the catalytic production for biodiesel, there is a method for biodiesel production namely non-catalytic production. Non-catalytic transesterification method was developed since catalytic tranestertfification still has two main problems assoclated With long reaction time and complicated purification. The first problem occurres because of the two phase nature of vegetable oil/methanol mixture, and the last problem is due to purification of catalyst and glycerol. The application of catalytic tranestertfication method leads to condition of high biodiesel production cost and high energy consumption. This paper provides information of biodiesel production progress namely catalytic tranestertfification (acid, alkali, and enzymatic tranesterfification), and non-catalytic tranesterification (at sub-critical-supercritical temperature under pressurized conditions). It was found that every method of biodiesel production still has advantages and disadvantages. It means that there is a necessity to develop biodiesel processing method further in order to obtain high reaction rate, high reaction constant (k), high yield, safely process, and minimum energy consumption. In conclusion. there are some works should be undertaken in biodiesel research. Keywords: biodiesel, methyl esters, transesterification. estenfication, and FAME Diterima: 31 Oktober 2007: Disetujui: 11 Desember 2007
Difusivitas Panas dan Umur Simpan Pempek Lenjer
Get PDFAbstractThe objectives of this research were to study the effect of fish and flour formulation as well as centre point temperature on the thermal diffusivity and shelf life of pempek lenjer. The parameters observed were the temperature of pempek at several position: i.e. (r0) = 0 cm, r1 = 1 cm, r2 = 2 cm, cooking time, change of textural value, total volatile nitrogen and total microbes of pempek during storage. Data temperaturedistribution was analyzed by using diffusivity at center point model, and random diffusivity models through computer program of Engineering Equation Solver (EES) Ver 8.91. The shelf life data was analyzed by usinglinear regression to determine the relationship between storage time and the measured variables which was followed by calculating using Arrhenius method to compare the decrease of pempek lenjer quality. The results showed that thermal diffusivity coefficient of pempek lenjer for formula 1 was in the range of 0.321 to 1.515 .10-7 m2/s, for formula 2 was in the range of 0.297 to 1.389.10-7 m2/s, for formula 3 was in the rangeof 0.378 to 1.471 . 10-7 m2/s and for formula 4 was in the range of 0.2778 to 1.620.10-7 m2/s.The research results showedthat longerstorage time results in lower values of texture, but produced higher value oftotal volatile nitrogen and total microbes. The lowest Eavaluefrom the measured variablewas totalmicrobes which can be used as the main parameter of deterioration for pempek lenjer during storage. The shelf lifeof pempek lenjer based on total microbes value was in the range of 27 to 33 hoursKeywords : thermal diffusivity, shelf life, pempekAbstrakTujuan penelitian inimempelajari pengaruh formula ikan dan tepung, serta suhu terhadap difusivitas panas dan umur simpan pempek lenjer. Variabel yang diukur adalah suhu sampel pempek pada titik pusat (r0) = 0 cm, r1 = 1 cm, r2 = 2 cm,lama pemasakan pempek, perubahan nilai tekstur, total volatil nitrogen dan total mikroba selama penyimpanan. Data distribusi suhudianalisis menggunakan model difusivitas panas pada titik sebarang, dan model difusivitas panas pada titik pusat dengan program computer Engineering Equation Solver (EES) Ver 8.91. Data umur simpan dianalisismenggunakan regresi linier untuk melihat hubungan antara lama penyimpanan dengan tekstur, total volatil nitrogen, dan total mikroba yang diukur, dan dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan cara Arrhenius untuk membandingkan penurunan mutu pempek lenjer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien difusivitas panas pempek lenjer pada formula 1 adalah interval 0,321 - 1,515. 10-7 m2/s, pada formula 2 adalah 0,297 – 1,389.10-7 m2/s, pada formula 3 adalah 0,378 – 1,471. 10-7 m2/s, dan formula 4 adalah 0,2778 – 1,620.10-7 m2/s.Semakin lama penyimpanan, tekstur semakin menurun, tetapi total volatil nitrogen dan total mikroba semakin meningkat. Nilai Ea terendah pada total mikroba, sehingga dapat dijadikan parameter kunci kerusakan pempek lenjer selama penyimpanan. Umur simpan pempek “lenjer” berdasarkan total mikroba selama 27 - 33 jam.Kata kunci : difusivitas panas, umur simpan, pempekDiterima: 17 Juni 2013; Disetujui: 26 September 201
PERKEMBANGAN KONSEP PENURUNAN TAHANAN TARIK PADA PENGEMBANGAN DISAIN BAJAK SUBSOIL GETAR
No full textAbstract From many experiments with different kinds of tiIIage tools it is well known that an oscilating or vibrating movement of a tool can have a considerable influence on the draft required. Subsoiler represent tools of deep tillage, the function of subsoil plough to cutting deep tillage and to breaking hardpan soil. The hardpan soil can hinder drainage, aeration and pursue spreading of the soil nutrition. Therefore in split/cut the hardpan layer require by big enough of energy. This operation requires heavy-duty tractor because of high draft consumption, especially for breaking subsoil up to depth of 50 cm. Vibratory technique is one of the methods, which could be applied in order to reduce draft. On the other hand reduced draft can used by vibration, mechanism of vibration exploitedly with rotation of PTO changed become translation movement. However that vibration can greatly reduce the draft force needed, to pull a blade or tine trough soil, but this can only be achieved at the expense of an increase in the total powor consumed. Diterima: 12 Pebruari 2007, Disetujui:. 3 Mei 2007