Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Analisis Laju Pencucian Tanah Salin dengan Menggunakan Drainase Bawah Permukaan
Get PDFLeaching process with subsurface drainage is needed to solve the salinity problem. This research was conducted to determine the leaching rate of saline soil by contaminants flow in the soil experiments, and determine the accuracy of ILRI’s formula (1994) that used in the calculation. Data was collected in some experiments, the experimental of soil physical properties, salt contamination, and soil leaching. The experiments showed the different leaching time to reduce concentration to the desired level, 0.07, 0.13, and 0.08 days, respectively for the percolation rate 1035.73, 1614.12, and 1888.52 mm/day. It is influenced by concentration of dissolved salts (Ct), rate of percolation (q), water storage in field capacity (Wfc), and permeability (K). However there is has a differentation between an experiment and calculating result, so for this condition needs a development of formula that issued by ILRI (1994) with adding a correction coefficient for Wfc value, 0.076, 0.078, and 0.042 for experiments 1, 2, and 3, so the calculation results may approach by the real condition
Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kinerja Mekanisme Pengendali Otomatis Pedal Rem dan Tuas Transmisi Maju-Mundur pada Traktor Roda Empat
Get PDFAbstractMost of the four wheeled tractors were operated manually for many agricultural applications. Therefore the operator’s fatigue during operating tractor can’t be avoided. To decrease operator’s fatigue it was necessary to operate tractor automatically for forward and backward motion. This research focus on the automatic backward motion and decrease turning radius by modify the brake pedal and forward-backward transmission mechanisms, which were controlled using DC motor with H-bridge actuator. Functional test was done by lifting up the tractor so that it was not move sideways while the tires were rotated. Performance test was done on the field to know the ability of the tractor to move forward and backward automatically and to know the turning radius when the left or right brake pedal was pushed down automatically. Experimental result showed that the time required to push the brake was about 0.47 s for left brake and 0.61 s for right brake. Field test result showed that the tractor was able to control automatically for forward motion with average speed of 0.62 m/s, backward motion with average speed of 0.63 m/s, to turn left with average turning radius of 2.2 m, and turn right with average turning radius of 2.4 m.Keyword: automation, forward-backward transmission, brake pedal.AbstrakSampai saat ini sebagian besar traktor roda empat masih dioperasikan secara manual untuk penerapan di bidang pertanian. Dengan demikian kelelahan operator dalam mengoperasikan traktor tersebut tidak dapatdihindari. Untuk menurunkan tingkat kelelahan operator maka perlu diupayakan mengoperasikan traktor secara otomatis untuk gerakan maju maupun mundur. Otomatisasi gerakan maju telah dilakukan padapenelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini lebih difokuskan pada otomatisasi gerakan mundur dan memperkecil radius belok dengan memodifikasi mekanisme pengendali rem dan mekanisme pengendali transmisi majumundur. Kedua mekanisme tersebut dikendalikan menggunakan motor DC dengan aktuator H-bridge. Uji fungsional dilakukan di laboratoriun dengan cara mengangkat traktor sehingga roda tidak menapak dan traktor tidak bergerak meskipun rodanya berputar. Pengujian kinerja mekanisme juga dilakukan di atas lahan kering untuk mengetahui kemampuan bergerak maju dan mundur secara otomatis dan berputar balik melalui penekanan pedal rem secara otomatis. Hasil pengujian fungsional menunjukkan mekanisme bekerja dengan baik dengan waktu penekanan rem 0.47 s untuk rem kiri dan 0.61 s untuk rem kanan. Hasil pengujian lapangan menunjukkan bahwa traktor dapat dikendalikan secara otomatis untuk bergerak maju dengan kecepatan rata-tara 0.62 m/s, bergerak mundur dengan kecepatan rata-rata 0.63 m/s, berputar dengan jari-jari 2.2 m untuk rem kiri dan 2.4 m untuk rem kanan.Kata Kunci: otomatisasi, transmisi maju-mundur, pedal rem.Diterima: 11 Maret 2013; Disetujui: 18 Juni 201
Desain Konseptual Penangkap Tandan Buah Sawit dan Pemanfaatan Energi Potensialnya
Get PDFAbstractIn oil palm harvesting, falling fruit bunches have a considerable potential energy, which can be captured and used to power the wheelbarrow in evacuating the fruit bunches. This study was conducted to measurethe engineering characteristics of fruit bunches harvesting, determine the best fruit bunches catchment platform material, analyze the potential energy of falling fresh fruit bunch, and design a conceptual designof the catchment platform and evacuation machine. Measurements of the characteristics of the harvesting were done in an oil palm plantation. Four types of fruit catchment platform materials were tested, namely:steel plate, wood board, expanded steel plate and rubber sheet. The results showed that, bunches fell at a distance between 0.6 m to 1.4 m from the tree. Fruit bunches weight was in the range of 16 kg to 32 kg.The rubber catchment platform was superior to the other materials in reducing the scattered loose fruits and bruised fruits. Potential energy of falling fruit bunches were in the range of 0.44-4.44 kJ. Theoreticaltraveling distance of the wheel barrow powered by the captured potential energy was in the range of 2.27 m - 22.98 m. Based on the data obtained, a conceptual design of catchment platform and evacuation machinewas designed.Keywords: oil palm harvesting, engineering characteristics, potential energy, catchment platform,conceptual design.AbstrakDalam panen kelapa sawit, tandan buah yang jatuh memiliki energi potensial yang cukup besar, yang dapat ditangkap dan digunakan sebagai daya penggerak angkong dalam mengevakuasi tandan buah segar(TBS). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur karakteristik teknik panen TBS, menentukan bahan landasan terbaik untuk penangkap TBS, menganalisis potensi energi potensial TBS yang jatuh, dan merancangdesain konseptual dari mesin penangkap dan pengangkut TBS. Pengukuran karakteristik panen dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Empat jenis bahan landasan tangkapan diuji, yaitu: pelat baja, papan kayu, pelat baja expanded dan lembaran karet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, tandan jatuh pada jarak antara 0.6 m sampai 1.4 m dari pohon. Berat TBS berkisar antara 16 kg sampai 32 kg. Bahan karet paling baik untuk penangkap TBS dalam mengurangi jumlah buah tercecer dan buah memar. Energi potensial TBS jatuh berada di kisaran 0,44-4,44 kJ. Jarak tempuh teoritis dari angkong yang menggunakan energipotensial yang ditangkap, berada di kisaran 2.27 m - 22.98 m. Berdasarkan data pengukuran, sebuah desain konseptual mesin penangkap dan evakuasi TBS telah dirancang.Kata kunci: panen kelapa sawit, karakteristik teknik, energi potensial, landasan tangkapan, desain konseptual.Diterima: 24 Mei 2013; Disetujui: 27 Agustus 201
Perkembangan Desain dan Kinerja Aerator Tipe Kincir
Get PDFAbstractPaddle wheel aerator widely used in aquaculture because it has the function of aeration and circulation as well as their construction is simple. However, its efficiency is not maximized so it is still expensive inoperation because of the large power consumption. Aerator performance is an important factor in the selection and use of the aerator as it relates to investment and operating cost, so the paddle wheel aeratordesign development and improvement of the performance of the operation is still possible to do. Developing of three-dimensional blade with the optimum geomerty and blade development that can move is a solution that can be done. The study aims to review the principle of aeration, performance test, evaluation criteria, and performance comparison aerator design development that have been made so as to provide an alternative to the developing of performance improvement paddle wheel aerator. This article is a summary of the \u27\u27state of the art\u27\u27 design and performance of a paddle wheel aerator development.Keywords : design, aeration, paddle wheel, dissolved oxygen, efficiencyAbstrakAerator kincir banyak digunakan dalam budidaya air karena mempunyai fungsi aerasi dan sirkulasi yang baik serta kontruksinya sederhana. Namun demikian, efisiensinya belum maksimal sehingga masih mahal dalam pengoperasian karena besarnya pemakaian daya listrik. Kinerja aerator merupakan faktor penting dalam pemilihan dan penggunaan aerator karena berhubungan dengan biaya investasi dan operasional, sehingga pengembangan desain aerator kincir dan peningkatan kinerja pengoperasian masih memungkinkan untuk dilakukan. Pengembangan sudu tiga dimensi dengan geometri optimumnya dan pengembangan sudu yang dapat bergerak merupakan solusi yang dapat dilakukan. Kajian ini bertujuan menelaah kembali prinsip aerasi, uji kinerja, kriteria evaluasi, perbandingan kinerja dan perkembangan desain aerator yang sudah dilakukan sehingga dapat memberikan alternatif pengembangan guna peningkatan kinerja aerator kincir. Artikel ini merupakan rangkuman dari “state of the art” desain dan kinerja aerator kincir untuk penggunaan budidaya air.Kata kunci: desain, aerasi. kincir, kelarutan oksigen, efisiensi.Diterima: 12 November 2013; Disetujui:15 Januari 201
Rancangbangun Aplikator Kompos untuk Tebu Lahan Kering
Get PDFAbstractThe widely sugarcane plantation area in Indonesia causes the management of sugarcane litter conducted by mechanization. To manage sugarcane litter into compost needed several machineries such as tractors,trash rakes, trailesr, choppers, trucks, composting turner, loaders, and compost applicators. The objective of this study was to design a compost applicator for sugarcane litter that can be used for a plant cane andratoon in dry land. The process of making a prototype applicators follow the design flowchart that begins with the calculation of the dimensions, design of engineering drawings, selection and material purchases. The result showed that the applicator prototype with belt conveyor metering device could function well and was able to apply the compost with a high dose (15 ton / ha).Keywords: mechanization, compost applicator, compost, sugarcane litter, sugarcaneAbstrakAreal perkebunan tebu di Indonesia yang luas menyebabkan kegiatan pengelolaan serasah tebu dilakukan dengan mekanisasi. Untuk mengelola serasah tebu menjadi kompos dibutuhkan beberapateknologi seperti traktor, trash rake, trailer, alat pencacah, truk, pengaduk, loader, dan aplikator kompos. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang aplikator kompos serasah tebu yang dapat dioperasikan untuktanaman tebu baru (PC) dan tebu keprasan (ratoon) lahan kering. Proses pembuatan prototipe aplikator mengikuti alur perancangan alat yang diawali dengan perhitungan dimensi, disain gambar teknik dan pemilihan serta pembelian bahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prototipe aplikator dengan penjatah tipe belt conveyor dapat berfungsi dengan baik dan mampu mengaplikasikan kompos dengan dosis tinggi (15 ton/ha).Kata kunci : mekanisasi,aplikator kompos, kompos, tebu, lahan keringDiterima: 27 November 2013; Disetujui: 19 Februari 201
Aplikasi Pelapisan Kitosan dan Lilin Lebah untuk Meningkatkan Umur Simpan Salak Pondoh
Get PDFAbstractSnake fruit is an exotic fruit from Indonesia that has a short shelf-life as a result of microorganisms contamination, respiration and transpiration. The research was aimed to study the influence of storage temperatures and coating composition to extend shelf-life of snake fruits. Coating used were chitosan 0,5%, beewax 10% and combination beewax 10% with chitosan 0,5%. Storage was conducted at 15 OC (the optimum temperature for snake fruit’s storage) and room temperature (26-30 OC). Research was designed using randomized complete factorial design and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test 5% if there was influence of the treatment. Parameters observed were percentage of damage, weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids and peel colour (hedonik test). Results showed that percentage of damage, weight loss, firmness, total soluble solid, and peel of colour (hedonik test) was affected by storage temperature. It wasalso found that coating significantly influenced percentage of damage, firmness and peel of colour on snake fruits. Interaction of coatings and storage temperatures there were effect on firmness of snake fruits.Key words: chitosan,beewax,shelf-life,snake fruits, temperature storage.AbstrakSalak pondoh (Salacca zalacca cv Pondoh) merupakan salah satu komoditi eksotik Indonesia yang memiliki umur simpan yang pendek akibat kontaminasi mikroorganisme, respirasi, dan transpirasi. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan jenis pelapis dalam meningkatkan umur simpan buah salak pondoh pada suhu penyimpanan yang berbeda. Jenis Pelapis yang digunakan adalah kitosan 0.5%, lilin lebah 10%, lilin lebah 10% dan kitosan 0.5%, dan tanpa pelapisan (kontrol) dan suhu penyimpanan adalah suhu 15 OC (suhu optimal untuk penyimpanan salak) dan suhu ruang (26-30 OC). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dan jika terdapat pengaruh perlakuan maka digunakan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test pada taraf 5%. Parameter pengamatan meliputi persentase kerusakan, susut bobot, kekerasan, total padatan terlarut dan warna kulit buah (uji hedonik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan suhu penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap susut bobot, persentase kerusakan, kekerasan, dan total padatan terlarut. Perlakuan jenis pelapis berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase kerusakan, kekerasan dan warna kulit buah salak. Interaksi jenis pelapis dan suhu penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kekerasan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap susut bobot, persentase kerusakan, total padatan terlarut dan warna kulit buah (uji hedonik).Kata Kunci: kitosan, lilin lebah, umur simpan, buah salak,suhu penyimpanan.Diterima: 18 Desember 2013; Disetujui: 18 Maret 201
Aplikasi Ice Gel pada Kemasan untuk Transportasi dan Penyimpanan Sementara Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Get PDFAbstractGenerally, oyster mushroom is distributed at 11.00 a.m. until 14.00 p.m. The temperature at that time is relatively hot so it can reduce oyster mushroom quality faster. One of method to maintain the oystermushroom quality is by decreasing the temperature when distributing the oyster mushroom. Ice gel is one of alternative cooling media that can be used in decreasing oyster mushroom temperature when the mushroom distributed. The ice gel needs is depends on temperature, mushroom weight in packaging and distribution time. The aim of this research is developing ice gel cooler packaging fortransportation an oyster mushroom temporary storage. Packaging is developed for 3 kg per package oyster mushroom transportation, with mushrom temperature is 15OC and distribution time is 2.5 hour by using styrofoam box. The research shows that hours by using Styrofoam box which has 37.5 in length, 27.5 in width, 27.5 in tall and 2.75 in thickness which containing 3 ice gel can make temperature condition in packaging box become 15OC for 2 hoursKeywords: oyster mushroom, packaging, ice gel.AbstrakDistribusi jamur tiram umumnya dilakukan pada pukul 11:00 hingga pukul 14:00. Suhu lingkungan pada rentang waktu tersebut cukup panas sehingga dapat mempercepat penurunan kualitas jamur tiram. Salahsatu cara untuk mempertahankan kualitas jamur tiram adalah dengan menurunkan suhu ketika jamur tiram ditransportasikan. Ice gel merupakan media dingin alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan suhu jamur tiram saat ditransportasikan. Kebutuhan ice gel ditentukan oleh suhu, berat jamur dalam kemasan dan lama transportasi yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang kemasan untuk dapat mengaplikasikan ice gel untuk transportasi dan penyimpanan sementara jamur tiram. Kemasan dirancang untuk transportasi jamur tiram dengan berat 3 kg perkemasan, suhu jamur 15OC dan lama transportasi 2.5 jam menggunakan kotak styrofoam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa styrofoam dengan dimensi 37.5 x 27.5 x 27.5 cm dan tebal dinding 2.75 cm yang diisi 3 buah ice gel mampu menghasilkan suhu jamur 15OC selama 2 jam.Kata Kunci: jamur tiram, kemasan, ice gel.Diterima: 10 Juni 2014; Disetujui: 11 September 201
EFEKTIFITAS KOMBINASI PENGHANGAT AIR TERKENDALI PADA SISTEM RESIRKULASI AIR UNTUK PEMBENIHAN IKAN
No full textABSTRACT Efficacies in hatchery depend on the ability to control water temperature. The aim of this research is to reduce heat loss in hatchery room, so that the energy requirement for water warming will be more efficient. Two units of flat plate solar collectors were serially installed. On-off controller is used to control a fan which is used for air re-circulation in 6m x 4m x 3m closed room. Experiments were carried out to find effectiveness of solar collector as a controlled warmer unit by perceived both temperature and relative humidity parameters. Initial experiment results indicate that solar collector as a warmer unit is able to give mean room temperature with tow standard deviation. The statistical analysis results also indicate that the mean water temperature at the controlled air re-circulation system with circulating water is equal to 27. 6 0C with standard deviation equal to 0.7 0C. Additional 350 Watt of electric water warmer can increase the mean water temperature that is equal to 30.6 0C with standard deviation equal to 0.5 0C which is an ideal environment for fish hatcher. It concludes that the combination of solar collector and electric water warmer as a controlled warmer unit is able to give mean water temperature with low standard deviation, so that this system can effectively reduce the use of warming energy cost until 76.85 %. Diterima: 1 Ncpemoer 2006: Disetujui: 20 Nopember 200
RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KINERJA MESIN SORTASI BUAH DUKU
No full textABSTRACT The objective of the research was to design and test the sorting machine of \u27duku\u27 fruit. The sorting machine was able to sort the fruit into three grades by means of principle of inclined plane and exploiting of mechanical vibration. Machine components consist of frame, hopper, sorting rack, part of output, source of power, transmission and vibrator. Uniformity of the sorting results varied, i.e., grade A equal to 100 %, grade B equal to 50.1 % and grade C equal to 80.1 %. The average level of sorting process was 59.5 % with the working capacity of the machine of 500 kg/ hour. Diterima: 21 Januari 2007, Disetujui: 25 April 200
PENERAPAN ANALISIS EKSERGI DALAM BIDANG PERTANIAN
No full textABSTRACT The advantages of exergy analysis are: (1) it can be used in energy analysis generally with scientific validity. (2) using the equal scale for every form of energy and matters, and (3) possible for direct allocation. These advantages can be utilized in analyzing various agrioutural activities, in its position as energy consumer as well as energy producer. This paper describes the general view of exergy analysis In agricultural activity with special concern in freezing process, and utilization of solar fhermal storage to enhance the solar drying system of agricultural products. Diterima.: 7Agustus 2007: Disetujui: 26 Agustus 200