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Models of Moisture Sorption Isotherm and The Estimation of Red Ginger Powder Shelf Life in Various Packaging Materials
No full textAbstract
In the processing, the red ginger powder was dried at 50°C. Red ginger powder is hygroscopic, so it is easy to absorb moisture. This research aims to determine (i) the isothermic absorption curve model in red ginger powder with different fineness modulus and (ii) the expiration date using the critical moisture content method in various types of packaging materials. Moisture sorption isotherm of red ginger powder was determined by the static gravimetric method at 300C. The relationship equilibrium moisture content between relative humidity (RH) is described by the Hasley, Chen-Clayton, Henderson, Caurie, and Oswin Models. The Estimated shelf life is determined using the ASLT (accelerated shelf-life testing) method and calculated using the Labuza model with a critical water content approach. The results obtained that moisture sorption isotherm red ginger powder has sigmoid shape a type II. Henderson is the model that illustrates the accuracy of the ISA curve of red ginger powder of 60 mesh particle size while the Chen-Clayton Model illustrates the accuracy of the ISA curve of red ginger powder of particle size of 80 mesh. The shelf life of red ginger powder is 60 mesh particle size and using HDPE, PP, and aluminum foil packaging which is stored at 75% RH and 300C temperature is 118.85 days, 467.63, and 609.26 days, respectively. The shelf life of red ginger powder 80 particle size is 148.17 days, 582.98 days and 759.54 days.
 
Pendugaan Emisi CO2 dari Lahan Gambut dengan Menggunakan Model Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
No full textAbstract
Peatlands are the most efficient carbon sinks in large volumes. Peatland clearance makes CO2 emissions released into the air. a reference of Carbon emission had a great value compared with the results of carbon emissions measurement conducted by Indonesian researchers and academics. This study aims to Conduct a continuous estimation of CO2 emissions from peatlands over a long period of time, analyze the influence of the biophysical environment on CO2 emissions and obtain CO2 emissions based on measurements of biophysical environmental parameters using ANN model. The CO2 emissions measurements were performed by closed chamber method using Licor LI-8100 for 60 days. Biophysical environmental parameter measurements are also installed simultaneously. Biophysical environmental parameters measured include soil temperature, soil moisture and water table depth. The results showed that CO2 emissions reached 59.82 TonCO2 / ha / year with carbon emissions of 16.314 TonC / ha / year. Peatland CO2 emissions are influenced by environmental parameters of peat biophysics. Calculations using the ANN model obtained the highest correlation of R2 = 0.5545 which shows that the calculation of ANN model with measurement Emission has a high enough correlation and can be used as a reference to estimated peat CO2 peatland in Padang Island.
Abstrak
Lahan gambut merupakan penyimpan karbon yang paling efisien dalam jumlah besar. Pembukaan lahan gambut mengakibatkan emisi CO2 terlepas ke udara. Data emisi karbon yang menjadi rujukan memiliki nilai yang lebih besar daripada hasil pengukuran emisi karbon yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dan akademisi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Melakukan estimasi emisi CO2 dari lahan gambut secara kontinyu dalam periode waktu panjang, Menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan biofisik terhadap emisi CO2 dari lahan gambut dan Mendapatkan dugaan emisi CO2 dari lahan gambut berdasarkan hasil pengukuran parameter lingkungan biofisik dengan menggunakan model ANN. Pengukuran emisi karbon dilakukan dengan metode closed chamber menggunakan Licor LI-8100 selama 60 hari. Pengukuran parameter lingkungan biofisik juga diinstal secara bersamaan dengan pengukuran emisi CO2. Parameter lingkungan biofisik yang diukur meliputi temperatur tanah, kelembaban tanah, kedalaman water table. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emisi CO2 lahan gambut mencapai 59.82 TonCO2/ha/tahun dengan emisi karbon adalah 16.314 TonC/ha/tahun . Emisi CO2 dipengaruhi oleh parameter lingkungan biofisik gambut yaitu suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah dan kedalaman water table. Perhitungan menggunakan model ANN diperoleh korelasi tertinggi sebesar R2 = 0.5545 yang menunjukkan bahwa hasil perhitungan model ANN dengan Emisi pengukuran memiliki korelasi yang cukup tinggi dan bisa dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam mengestimasi CO2 lahan gambut Pulau Padang.
 
PENGARUH PRE-TREATMENT DALAM PROSES CURING DAN SUHU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU DAN MASA DORMANSI BENIH BAWANG PUTIH
Get PDFBawang putih (Allium sativum L.) merupakan komoditas sayuran yang penting bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Bawang putih merupakan salah satu produk hortikultura yang memiliki sifat mudah rusak bila tidak ditangani dengan tepat, baik dalam tahapan curing maupun penyimpanan. Masa dormansi juga merupakan salah satu kendala dalam penyediaan benih bawang putih karena masa dormansi umbi relatif lama. Dormansi bawang putih dapat dikendalikan oleh suhu dan lama penyimpanannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan rekomendasi teknologi pascapanen tentang proses curing, pengaruh suhu dan lama penyimpanan untuk mempercepat pematahan dormansi benih bawang putih dengan daya tumbuh tinggi. Proses curing bawang putih pada instore dryer yang dilakukan dengan memotong daun (± 10 cm dari pangkal umbi) memerlukan waktu curing yang lebih singkat (6 hari) dibandingkan dengan bawang putih brangkasan (8 hari). Penyimpanan bawang putih untuk benih pada suhu rendah (12-14oC) menghasilkan persentase kerusakan umbi (busuk dan hampa) yang lebih rendah daripada suhu tinggi (38-42oC) dan suhu ruang (28-30oC) setelah penyimpanan selama 12 minggu. Penyimpanan dengan cara memotong daun bawang putih menghasilkan persentase kerusakan umbi (busuk dan hampa) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan brangkasan. Penyimpanan benih bawang putih pada suhu rendah (12-14oC) menghasilkan daya tumbuh yang lebih tinggi daripada suhu ruang (28-30oC) dan suhu tinggi (38-42oC) baik pada benih yang dipotong daunnya maupun brangkasan
Pengaruh Pengolahan Tanah dan Penambahan Jerami terhadap Kebutuhan Air Penyiapan Lahan Padi Sawah
No full textPraktik manajemen seperti pengolahan tanah, mulsa, aplikasi pupuk dan pemupukan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan lingkungan fisik tanah dengan tujuan akhir untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengolahan tanah dan penambahan jerami terhadap kebutuhan air penyiapan lahan padi sawah. Penelitian terdiri dari dua faktor perlakuan, yaitu pengolahan tanah dan penambahan jerami yang masing-masing dilakukan 3 kali. Metode pengolahan tanah yaitu pembajakan-pelumpuran dilakukan dengan dua tahap atau ada jeda selama 15 hari (PT1) dan pembajakan-pelumpuran dilakukan dalam satu tahap kegiatan atau tanpa ada jeda (PT2), sedangkan untuk perlakukan jerami, ada yang tanpa jerami (J0) dan menggunakan jerami (J1). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik tanah dengan cara pengambilan contoh tanah utuh sebelum pengolahan tanah (SPT) dan setelah tanah diolah, perhitungan terhadap kebutuhan air penyiapan lahan dilakukan untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Untuk mengethaui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap sifat fisik tanah dilakukan dengan analisis statistik yaitu degan paried sample t-test. Hasil percobaan yaitu pengolahan tanah dan penambahan jerami berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik tanah. Pengolahan tanah dua tahap dan penambahan jerami merupakan perlakuan yang membutuhkan air paling banyak dalam penyiapan lahan yaitu sebesar 196,95 mm, tetapi merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan air tersedia sebesar 16 %
A RIPENESS STUDY OF OIL PALM FRESH FRUIT AT THE BUNCH DIFFERENT POSITIONS
Get PDFThe paper aims to study the position of the optimum oil palm ripeness at the bunch different positions. This information is essential to complete a measurement procedure to detect oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) maturity so that the detection devices can directly measure the optimal mature position as a representative of the entire FFB characteristics. In this study, the oil palm FFB (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. tenera) with the various ripeness stages (4 until 22 weeks after anthesis) were collected and divided from three positions, i.e., proximal, central and distal. Moreover, each fruit in each of these positions was subjected to sample preparation to identify water and oil content. The water and oil content were completed based on the oven test method and the Soxhlet extraction technique, respectively. The optimum ripeness position is determined based on the lowest water content and the highest oil content. Based on the analysis, during the process of oil palm maturation occurs a decrease in water content and an increase in oil content. In addition, the average water content of palm fruit varies greatly depending on its position based on the analysis, i.e., proximal (45.38±5.62%), central (35.30±3.34%) and distal (41.98±2.57%). The average oil content of oil palm fruit in the central position is higher oil content (25.10±1.72%) compared to the proximal (10.00±0.77%) and distal position (13.77±1.22%). We suspect that the chemical content differences of palm fruit in various positions are due to the inequality of the respiration rate and ethylene production throughout FFB. In addition, overall it can be concluded that the fruit in the central FFB position has an optimal ripeness level compared to the proximal and distal position. Thus, the measurement position recommended in evaluating palm maturity is at the central position of FFB
Optimasi Sumberdaya Air dengan Program Linear (Linear Programming) di DAS Cicatih, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat
No full textThe used of water in Indonesia for various using disposed exceed water supply. One of the efforts to optimize limited water resources is optimimation watershed management with linear programming. Identification of surface water potential in Cicatih watershed, especially in sub-watershed of upper Cicatih, Cibojong river, estimate using GR4J model. This research using discharge data from PLTA Ubrug. Springwater identified based on data from DISTAMBEN. The observation discharge average in Cibojong river was 246 l/s/day and based on GR4J model was 2752 l/s/day. Avaiable discharge was 56241 l/s/day. Grow of the population estimated by exponent method, industry and irrigation area with regression linear. Software Lingo 8.0 was used to help optimize of wáter resources in Cicatih watershed. Based on the result, in 2025, 12 industries and 15784 ha area get the wáter allocation from surface water. About 1083817 people and 75402 ha area get from springwáter. The cost to access surface wáter is higher than in other sectors. It causes the industry to gets an allocation from surface wáter
Aplikasi Ozon Untuk Mempertahankan Kualitas Buah Duku
Get PDFAbstrak
Perawatan tanaman duku yang masih kurang baik, membuat buah duku yang dipanen berpotensi membawa kontaminan mikroorganisme dari lahan sehingga turut mempercepat kerusakan buah. Teknologi ozon telah banyak digunakan untuk menghambat perkembangan mikroorganisme pada penyimpanan hortikultura segar. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji pengaruh durasi pemaparan ozon dengan laju 1.38x10-4 gram/detik terhadap perubahan mutu duku dalam penyimpanan. Durasi pemaparan ozon yang dikaji adalah 20, 40 dan 60 detik sebagai perlakuan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Pertumbuhan mikroba diukur menggunakan uji TPC, sedangkan parameter mutu yang dikaji adalah perubahan warna, kekerasan, total padatan terlarut (TPT) dan susut bobot. Data dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Perlakuan ozon yang memberi efek tebaik adalah laju 1.38x10-4 gram/detik dengan paparan 60 detik. Perlakuan tersebut mampu menahan pertumbuhan mikroba hingga 6.11 (log cfu/g) dibanding kontrol pada hari ke enam penyimpanan dengan mutu duku yang lebih baik berdasarkan nilai TPT dan susut bobot dengan nilai masing-masing adalah 17.8 obriks dan 0.93%. Namun untuk parameter warna dan kekerasan buah, perlakuan ozon 40 detik menghasilkan nilai yang lebih baik. Pelakuan ozon dengan paparan selama 40-60 detik dapat diaplikasikan untuk mempertahankan mutu duku yang dikombinasikan dengan penyimpanan suhu 14 1oC.
Kata Kunci: ozon, buah duku, total plate count, duras
Pengembangan Prototipe Dan Pengujian Traktor Satu Roda Untuk Pemeliharaan Tanaman Padi
No full textMost of paddy fields in Indonesia are not consolidated, therefore, soil hardpan usually did not exist. With no soil hardpan, mobility of any machine for crop maintenance is very difficult even in some places is almost impossible.Until now crop maintenance such as weeding, spraying and spreading fertilizer was done manually by labor. Then mechanization is required to replace the labour which is not available or very expensive. Hence, this study conducted with objective to make a prototype II of a single wheel tractor for crop maintenance operated in deep mud field or in an unconsolidated paddy field. The study also did performance test of a single wheel tractor to measure the tractor speed, traction, sinkage, and slip of wheel when operated in rice plants field. The results of performance test showed that the speed average of wheel with straight lug and curved lug were 1.15km/hour and 0.97 km/hour. The average of sinkage and slip both of wheels with straight lug and curved lug respectively were 24.8 cm, 25.9 cm and 38.7 %, 26.12%. The results of performance test olso showed that the traction average of wheel with straight lug and curved lug respectively were 45.8 kg and 41.5 k
Identifikasi Ganoderma Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Reflektansi Gelombang Multispektral
No full textBasal Stem Rot (BSR) is a fatal disease caused by the fungus Ganoderma boninense. Currently in Indonesia the identification of oil palm plants suffering from BSR is done by directly observing oil palm plants one by one and pressing the palm tree trunks. However the direct checking method is felt to be less effective and efficient, its need another better method for detecting BSR. This study aims to evaluate the Ganoderma attack by using a multispectral camera, applying a neural network method to analyze NDVI images, and analyzing the effect of altitude on the accuracy of multispectral camera performance. In this study, spectral data of oil palm plants were taken through the air at an altitude of 50 m, 60 m, and 70 m with a multispectral camera mounted on a UAV, then the spectral data were analyzed using artificial neural networks to identify oil palm plants that were attacked by Ganoderma and healthy plants. The results of this study conclude that multispectral cameras can identify oil palm plants that have been attacked by Ganoderma at an altitude of 50 m and 60 m with utilization of artificial neural networks
Kajian Pengeringan Bak Gabah Secara Intermittent Terhadap Mutu Beras
No full textGrain drying with bed dryer is generally effective with high temperatures, but this can increase fissured rice percentage. This can be overcome by combining drying method with tempering. These study were aim to examine drying temperature and duration on bed dryer using intermittent high temperature dryer, and its effect on quality variety of Ciherang with 20-22% moisture content. These research method consists of drying treatment without tempering using 35°C, 60°C and 80°C temperatures to 14% moisture content. Drying treatment with tempering consists of initial drying process-initial tempering-second drying- second tempering or without tempering, where the first drying temperature were 80°C for 20 minutes, 60°C for 30 minutes and second drying temperature were 60 °C and 35°C to 14% moisture content. The tempering duration used was 90 minutes. Results showed the grain drying method without tempering 35°C gave the highest percentage of head rice. However, the use of tempering had significantly reduced cracking and increased head rice percentage compared without tempering at the same temperature. Initial drying of 60°C for 30 minutes-tempering for 90 minutes-drying both temperatures of 35°C to 14% moisture content had been able to produce high head rice and low fissured rice percentage respectively 81.41% and 10%