Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Not a member yet
627 research outputs found
Sort by
Performance Test of Various Teeth Diameter of Cylinder Type Sago Rasping Machine
No full textTraditional method of sago starch extraction was a time and labor intensive process. The most laborious stage is pith disintegration which is done by using hammer-like tools called pounder. However, the use of rasping machine to disintegrate the pith is saving time and energy significantly. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of teeth diameter and cylinder rotation speed on performance of cylinder type sago rasping machine. In the experiment, four variations of teeth diameter i.e. 3mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm, and three levels of cylinder rotation speed i.e. 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm and 2500 rpm were examined. Results showed that both teeth diameter and cylinder rotation speed significantly affect the rasping capacity. Likewise teeth diameter also significantly affect on starch percentage and starch losses in waste. Meanwhile, cylinder rotation speed and the interaction of the two factors have no significant effect on the starch percentage and starch loss in waste. The highest performance was obtained at the condition of teeth diameter 3 mm with cylinder rotation speed of 2500 rpm. The performance of the machine at the condition were (a) rasping capacity 2282 kg h-1, (b) starch percentage 33.02 %, (wb), (c) starch loss in waste 8.77 %
Reduksi Bahan Organik Kulit Kopi dan Eceng Gondok Terhidrolisis Menggunakan Proses Anaerobik
No full textCoffee pulp and water hyacinth are a biomass source that can be used to feeding material for biogas production as energy an anaerobic digester. But coffee pulp and water hyacinth contain lignin. The Alkaline or base hydrolysis is a method of the solving chemical structure of lignin compounds using a strong acid and base. The focus of research investigated the base hydrolysis with NaOH in coffee pulp and water hyacinth an anaerobic process for organic material reduction. The research design in laboratory conduct of organic materials reduction on coffee pulp and water hyacinth used Completely Random Design (CRD). Anaerobic treatments were without hydrolysis (H1), only the coffee pulp with hydrolysis (H2), only water hyacinth with hydrolysis (H3) and all with hydrolysis (H4). The highest NaOH concentration for lignin reduction on the base hydrolysis was 60 ppm. The analysis of variants with significantly (p<0.05) showed all treated differently. Anerobic treatment of the coffee pulp and water hyacinth (H4) had the highest value organic material reduction. The efficiency of organic material reduction i.e. C/N, BOD and COD was in sequence namely 64.22 ± 0.02; 75.23 ± 0.02 dan 52.55 ± 0.04
Estimated Shelf Life of Torbangun Leaf Powder in Various Packaging Materials
No full textTorbangun leaf powder can improve the quality and quantity of breast milk in pregnant and lactating women because it contains bioactive compounds from phenol group, especially thymol and carvacrol. The purpose of this study was to examine parameters change of torbangun leaf powder (moisture content, free fatty acids, antioxidant activity and total phenol), and estimate shelf life of torbangun leaf powder in various packaging. Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing method based on Arrhenius approach was used to estimate shelf life of torbangun leaf powder. 100 g of torbangun leaf powder were stored in three packaging materials, namely HDPE, PP and aluminum foil at 30oC, 35oC, 40oC, 45oC and 50oC. The results showed that temperatures affect moisture content, free fatty acids, antioxidant activity and total phenol of torbangun leaf powder. Arrhenius model describes total phenol change, where ln k= 28.29 × -9746.8/T, ln k= 30,866 × -10565/T and ln k= 29,162 × -10019/T for HDPE, PP and aluminum packaging. foil. Thus, shelf life of torbangun leaf powder at 15oC and 28oC for HDPE is 691 days and 160 days, followed by PP is 899 days and 184 days, and aluminium foil is 807 days and 173 days.Bubuk daun torbangun mampu meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas air susu ibu pada ibu hamil dan menyusui karena mengandung senyawa bioaktif dari golongan fenol, terutama thymol dan carvacrol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji perubahan parameter bubuk daun torbangun (kadar air, asam lemak bebas, aktivitas antioksidan dan total fenol), dan menduga umur simpan bubuk daun torbangun dalam berbagai bahan kemasan. Metode Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing berdasarkan pendekatan Arrhenius digunakan untuk menduga umur simpan bubuk daun torbangun. Sebanyak 100 g bubuk daun torbangun disimpan dalam tiga bahan kemasan, yaitu HDPE, PP dan aluminium foil pada suhu 30oC, 35oC, 40oC, 45oC dan 50oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu penyimpanan berpengaurh terhadap kadar air, asam lemak bebas, aktivitas antioksidan dan total fenol bubuk daun torbangun. Model Arrhenius dapat menggambarkan perubahan total fenol, dimana ln k= 28.29 -9746.8/T, ln k= 30.866 -10565/T dan ln k= 29.162 -10019/T berturut-turut untuk kemasan HDPE, PP dan aluminium foil. Dengan demikian, umur simpan bubuk daun torbangun pada suhu 15oC dan 28oC untuk kemasan HDPE, yaitu 691 hari dan 160 hari, disusul kemasan PP, yaitu 899 hari dan 184 hari, serta kemasan aluminium foil, yaitu 807 hari dan 173 hari
Prediksi Indeks Panen Jambu “Kristal” secara Non Destruktif Menggunakan Portable Near Infrared Spectrometer
No full textJambu biji “Kristal” (Psidium guajava L.) merupakan buah klimakterik yang umumnya dipanen oleh petani berdasarkan pengalaman budidaya. Dalam penelitian ini, portabel near-infrared spectrometer dengan panjang gelombang 740-1070 nm digunakan untuk memprediksi dengan cepat indeks panen jambu biji “Kristal” melalui pendekatan non-kontak dan non-destruktif. Sampel buah jambu biji diambil pada umur panen 91, 94, 97, dan 100 hari setelah anthesis (HSA). Jumlah sampel masing-masing 30 buah. Kekerasan, kandungan padatan terlarut, acidity dan rasio gula asam dievaluasi sebagai parameter kualitas. Metode partial least square (PLS) digunakan untuk pengolahan data. Ditemukan bahwa Standard Normal Variate (SNV) menghasilkan pretereatment terbaik untuk semua parameter kualitas. Performa model terbaik ditunjukkan oleh koefisien korelasi (R), standar error of calibrasi (SEC) dan standar error of prediksi (SEP), yang masing-masing adalah 0,88, 6,21, 5,92 untuk prediksi ketegasan, 0,74, 0,84, 0,79 untuk prediksi kandungan total padatan terlarut., 0,59, 0,19, 0,26 untuk prediksi keasaman, dan 0,71, 1,21, 1,58 untuk model prediksi rasio gula asam.“Crystal” guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a climacteric fruit that is generally harvested by farmers based on cultivation experience. In this study, portable 740-1070 nm of near-infrared spectrometer was employed to rapidly predict harvest indices of “crystal” guava, by means of non-contact and non-destructive approach. Samples of guava fruit were collected at days after anthesis (DAS) of 91, 94, 97, and 100. The total number of each sample were 30 fruits. The firmness, soluble solid content, acidity and sugar acid ration were evaluated as quality parameters. Partial least square (PLS) method was utilized for data processing. It was found that Standard Normal Variate (SNV) resulted the best pre-processing for all quality parameters. Performances of best models were demonstrated by coefficient of corraltion (R), standard error of calibration (SEC) and standard error of prediction (SEP), which were respectively 0.88, 6.21, 5.92 for firmness prediction, 0.74, 0.84, 0.79 for soluble solid content prediction, 0.59, 0.19, 0.26 for acidity prediction, and 0.71, 1.21, 1.58 for sugar acid ratio prediction model
Rapid Assessment of Fresh Beef Spoilage Using Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
No full textTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model prediksi untuk menilai pembusukan daging sapi segar secara langsung dengan menggunakan portabel spektroskopi near infrared (NIRS), tanpa melakukan metode kimiawi. Tiga sampel daging sapi segar dibeli dari rumah pemotongan hewan dan pasar tradisional pada hari yang berbeda. Spektrum diperoleh dengan menggunakan portabel spektroskopi near infrared Scio dengan panjang gelombang 740-1070 nm, dan dua pertiga digunakan untuk set kalibrasi dan sepertiga untuk set validasi. Regresi kuadrat terkecil parsial dan validasi silang digunakan untuk mengembangkan model dan persamaan untuk memprediksi pembusukan daging sapi. Perubahan yang diamati berupa perubahan warna, kehilangan air, dan kekerasan otot. Model prediksi terbaik diperoleh dari hasil spektra asli (tanpa proses awal) sebagai berikut; (R2C = 0.9, Rp = 0.86, SEC = 0.61, SEP = 0.69 dan RPD = 3.53). Metode pra-pemrosesan Multiple Skattered Korrelasi (MSC) memberikan model yang baik dan dapat diterima dengan hasil sebagai berikut; Rc = 0.89, SEC = 0.66, SEP = 0.83 and RPD = 2.91. NIRS menunjukkan variabilitas sampel dan laju pembusukan. Oleh karena itu, dapat digunakan untuk menilai kualitas dan keamanan. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengembangkan model yang kuat untuk memprediksi pembusukan daging sapi segar menggunakan portabel spektroskopi NIRS Scio.The objective of this study was to develop a prediction model to assess fresh beef spoilage directly with the use of a portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), without conducting a chemical method. Three fresh beef samples were bought from a slaughterhouse and traditional market on separate days. Spectra were acquired using a portable Scio spectrometer with wavelength 740-1070 nm, and two-third was used for calibration sets and one-third for validation sets. Partial least square regression and cross-validation were used to develop a model and equation for predicting beef spoilage. The changes observed were changed in color, water loss, and muscle hardness. The best predictive model was obtained from the original spectra (no pre-process) results as follows (R2C = 0.9, Rp = 0.86, SEC = 0.61, SEP = 0.69 and RPD = 3.53). Multiple Scattered Correlation (MSC) pre-processing method gave a good and acceptable model with results as follows; Rc = 0.89, SEC = 0.66, SEP = 0.83 and RPD = 2.91. NIRS showed variability of the samples and rate of spoilage, hence, can be used to assess quality and safety. Further studies are needed to develop a robust model to predict fresh beef spoilage using a portable NIRS Scio
Characteristics and Financial Feasibility of Gedong Gincu Mango Farming in Indramayu District
No full textMangga gedong gincu merupakan salah satu varietas mangga yang menjadi primadona bagi masyarakat lokal maupun mancanegara karena memiliki kekhasan tersendiri jika dibandingkan dengan mangga jenis lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis : 1) Karakteristik usahatani mangga gedong gincu di kabupaten Indramayu, 2) Kelayakan finansial usahatani mangga gedong gincu, dan 3) Sensitivitas usahatani mangga gedong gincu terhadap perubahan biaya produksi, harga jual, jumlah produksi dan sewa lahan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara terhadap 16 orang petani responden pada bulan Oktober-November 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mangga gedong gincu memiliki potensi besar untuk terus dikembangkan. Biaya investasi awal yang dibutuhkan sebesar Rp 52,226,667,-/ha dan untuk pemeliharaan selanjutnya rata-rata Rp. 8,284,000 -/ha/bulan. Pada tingkat suku bunga 8.75% menunjukkan bahwa usahatani mangga gedong gincu layak untuk dikembangkan dengan nilai NPV Rp. 39,289,514, IRR 91.00% dan B/C 1,43. Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas faktor paling menentukan pendapatan (untung/rugi) petani mangga gedong gincu di kabupaten Indramayu adalah penurunan harga jual dan jumlah hasil produksi serta jika terjadi kenaikan biaya produksi, harga jual dan jumlah produksi sekaligus.Gedong gincu mango is one of the mango varieties that is excellent for local and foreign people because it has its own uniqueness when compared to other types of mango. The aims of this study were to analyze: 1) the characteristics of gedong gincu mango farming in Indramayu district, 2) the financial feasibility of gedong gincu mango farming, and 3) the sensitivity of gedong gincu mango farming to changes in production costs, selling prices, production quantities and land rent. Data collection was carried out by means of observation and interviews with 16 respondent farmers in October-November 2019. The results showed that the gedong gincu mango has great potential to continue to be developed. The initial investment cost required is Rp. 52,226,667, -/ha and for subsequent maintenance an average of Rp. 8,284,000 -/ha/month. At an interest rate of 8.75%, it shows that mango gedong gincu farming is feasible to be developed with an NPV value of Rp. 39,289.514, IRR 91.00% and B/C 1.43. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the most determining factors in income (profit/loss) for mango gedong gincu farmers in Indramayu district are a decrease in the selling price and the amount of production, and if there is an increase in production costs, selling prices and the amount of production at once
Integrasi Metode Gravitasi dan Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial untuk Penentuan Pusat Distribusi Pangan di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan
No full textAbstractThis study aims to determine the location of distribution centers in each islandgroup in South Halmahera Regency. Data sources were obtained from survey resultsand literature studies. Integration of Gravity Models and Exponential ComparisonMethods are used to determine the best location. Subdistrict of Kayoa as the locationof distribution centers for Kayoa-Makian islands group, Subdistrict of West Gane forGane islands group, Subdistrict of Bacan for Bacan-Kasiruta islands group, and theObi Subdistrict for Obi Islands group. The location chosen as the distribution centerin each island group is a main subdistrict which physically has better resourcecarrying capacity
Studi Respirasi Belimbing Wuluh pada Kondisi Penyimpanan Udara Termodifikasi Udara Pasif:
No full textPenyimpanan bahan pangan pertanian secara modifikasi udara pasif cukup populer sebagai metode penyimpanan buah dan sayur segar. Modifikasi udara pasif menghasilkan komposisi alami udara di dalam ruangan karena adanya aktivitas respirasi aerobik yang berdampak kepada kematangan dan umur simpan. Pengukuran data-data aktivitas respirasi belimbing wuluh secara aerobik dapat digunakan untuk menghitung laju respirasi dan penggunaan substrat. Perubahan metabolisme belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi Linn) setelah panen di ukur aktivitas repirasi aerobiknya di dalam toples kedap udara selama 24 jam menggunakan sensor gas oksigen berbasis zirconium dan infrared. Pelepasan panas dan uap air di rekam menggunakan logger suhu dan kelembaban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan respirasi paling cepat pada periode 1 jam penyimpanan dengan nilai laju repirasi oksigen (RO2) 28,60 ml [O2] kg-1 jam-1 dan laju respirasi karbondioksida (RCO2) 56,64 ml [CO2] kg-1 jam-1. Nilai respiratory quotient (RQ) diatas 1,0 menunjukkan respirasi menggunakan substrat asam organik. Substrat respirasi terhitung sebagai total asam diperoleh laju rerata konsumsi 0,03 mg equivalen/100 g dan susut bobot rata-rata 0,04%. Hasil uji empiris penyimpanan belimbing wuluh sampai periode 24 jam masuk dalam kategori sour-unripe dan menggunakan regresi eksponansial dapat diperoleh perubahan kematangan belimbing wuluh menjadi kategori sour-ripe akan didapatkan setelah periode penyimpanan mencapai 37 jam.Passive modified atmosphere storage (P-MAS) is a popular fresh fruits and vegetables storage method. The P-MAS creates naturally gas composition alteration due to aerobic respiration rate during storage which implies to maturity and shelf life. This research studied Averrhoa bilimbii Linn respiration behaviour by applying P-MAS at ambient temperature for 24 hours storage period. The gas composition was measured using typical zirconium and infrared gas sensor to determine oxygen and carbondioxide concentration. Heat and humidity were also logged by modifying SHT10 sensor. Acid titratic and weight loss represented the substrat consumption during respiration. The result investigated fastest respiration rate achieved at about RO2 28,60 ml [O2] kg-1 h-1 and (RCO2) sebesar 56,64 ml [CO2] kg-1 h-1 for an hour storage. The RQ was calculated above 1,0 for all period storage which indicated consumed organic acid material. Titratic acid reduced by 0,03 mg equivalent/100 g and average weigh loss was at about 0,04%. The Averrhoa bilimbi linn was categorized at sour-unripe during 24 hours storahe period and exponantially regression predicted sour-ripe level achieved after 37 hours. 
Aplikasi Coating Gel Lidah Buaya Untuk Mempertahankan Mutu Buah Alpukat Pada Penyimpanan Suhu Ruang
No full textAvocado is a climacteric fruit that still conducting physiological processes after being harvested, so that the fruit can reduce its freshness and increase its damage at room temperature. One treatment to extend the shelf life of avocados is by using an edible coating. Natural edible coating that has the potential to be used as a coating for avocados is aloe vera gel. The objective of this study was to determine an optimum concentration of edible coating made from aloe vera gel for avocado in order to extend its shelf life under room temperature storage. Three level concentrations of aloe vera gel used in this research were 30% (AV30), 50% (AV50), and without coating (Control). The quality parameters analyzed were weight loss, skin water content, percent of decay, hardness, color, and total soluble solids. The results showed that edible aloe vera gel coating significantly affected weight loss, skin water content, percent of decay, hardness, and total soluble solids of avocados. Among the treatments, the research found and recommend that the 50% of aloe vera coating was good enough to extend avocado until 18 days under room temperature storage.
Keywords: Edible coatings, aloe vera gel, avocados, room temperature storag
Sistem Pakar Berbasis Android untuk Identifikasi Jenis Gulma pada Budidaya Tanaman Kedelai
No full textSalah satu kendala yang sering terjadi pada kegiatan budidaya kedelai adalah masalah gulma yang berpotensi menurunkan produktivitas. Sehingga diperlukan sistem pakar yang dapat mewakili pengetahuan mengenai identifikasi jenis gulma agar petani dapat memutuskan pengendalian yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat sistem pakar berbasis android offline untuk identifikasi jenis gulma pada budidaya tanaman kedelai berdasarkan informasi morfologi dan menentukan saran pengendalian gulma yang tepat. Metode forward chaining digunakan sebagai pengembangan mesin inferensi yang digunakan utuk memutuskan kesimpulan sistem pakar. Sistem pakar identifikasi jenis gulma yang dibangun berisi informasi jenis gulma, informasi pengelompokan gulma, informasi herbisida, takaran herbisida, dan galeri kegiatan pengendalian gulma. Ukuran aplikasi sebesar 6.97 Megabytes (Mb) dan berjalan tanpa koneksi internet. Pengujian aplikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik dengan akurasi identifikasi jenis gulma mencapai 87.5%.The obstacle that often occur on soybean cultivation activity is a weed problem that could potentially reduce productivity. It’s need an expert system that can represent knowledge regarding the identification of weed species, therefore farmers can decide appropriate controls. This study aims create offline android based expert system is to identify the type of weeds in soybean cultivation based morphological information and determine appropriate advice weed control. Forward chaining used as an inference engine development methods to achieve the conclusion of expert systems. Expert systems of weed species identification contain information of the weeds type and grouping, herbicides information, herbicide dose, and weed control galleries. Application size 6.97 Megabytes (Mb) and run without internet connection. Testing applications can run properly, with accuration of weed species identification reaches 87.5