Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Study of Water Requirements and Coefficient of Rice Crops (Oryza sativa L) in the Lebak Swamp
No full textTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kebutuhan air dan koefisen tanaman padi di lahan rawa lebak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan penyajian data secara deskriptif dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kebutuhan air neto sawah untuk padi, nilai evapotranspirasi tanaman, nilai koefisien tanaman dan nilai perkolasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air neto sawah berturut-turut adalah 3,26 mm/hari, 6,15 mm/hari dan 11,48 mm/hariHasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa kebutuhan air neto padi sawah bulan April sebesar 3,27 mm/hari, bulan Mei sebesar 11,71 mm/hari dan kebutuahan air padi bulan Juni 18,75. Kebutuhan air untuk tanaman padi dilahan rawa lebak selama masa tanam tidak sama setiap bulan. Pada bulan April sampai Juni berturut-turut adalah 3,26 mm/hari, 6,15 mm/hari dan 11,48 mm/hari. Pengukuran kebutuhan air awal tanam yaitu bulan April 3, 27 mm/hari, bulan Mei 11,71 mm/hari dilakukan Nilai evapotranspirasi aktual (ETc) dari fase pertumbuhan awal, fase vegetatif aktif, fase pembuahan, dan fase pematangan biji berturut-turut adalah 1,23 mm/hari, 2,57 mm/hari, 2,64 mm/hari dan 1,57 mm/hari, sedangkan untuk koefisien tanaman berturut-turut adalah 0,42; 0,89; 1,003 dan 0,62. Nilai evapotranpirasi dan koefisien tanaman terbesar terdapat pada umur pertumbuhan 31 sampai 65 hari atau fase pembuahan. Nilai perkolasi untuk setiap tahap pertumbuhan adalah 0,27 cm/hari, 3,24 cm/hari, 4,23 cm/hari dan 10,63 cm/hari.The purpose of this research is to find out water requirements and coefficient of rice plant in lebak swamp land. The research method used in this study is an experimental method with descriptive data presentation in the form of tables and graphs. The parameters observed included the net water requirements of rice for rice, the evapotranspiration value of plants, the value of crop coefficients and the value of percolation. The results showed that the net water requirements of rice fields were 3.27mm / day, 11,71 6.15 mm / day and 18,75 mm / day. The actual evapotranspiration value (ETc) from the initial growth phase, active vegetative phase, fertilization phase, and seed maturation phase are 1.23 mm / day, 2.57 mm / day, 2.64 mm / day and 1.57 mm / day, while the plant coefficients are 0.42; 0.89; 1,003 and 0,62. The largest evapotranpiration value and plant coefficient is found at the age of growth of 31 to 65 days or the fertilization phase. The percolation value for each stage of growth is 0.27 cm / day, 3.24 cm / day, 4.23 cm / day and 10.63 cm / day
Kinetika Pengeringan Lapisan Tipis Daun Jati Belanda (Thin Layer Drying Kinetics of Guazuma Ulmifolia Leaves)
No full textThe objectives of this study were to determine a suitable thin layer drying model to describe the drying kinetics of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves and determine the mass transfer parameters of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves. The drying of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves was conducted in a laboratory scale dryer with various temperature (40oC, 50oC, and 60oC) and relative humidity (30%, 40%, 50% and 60%). Five drying models, namely, Newton, Henderson and Pabis, Page, Midilli-Kucuk, and Verma et al. were fitted to the drying data. The drying curve of guazuma leaves did not show a constant drying period during the drying period. The models suitability were compared base on coefficient of determination (R2), root square mean errors (RSME), and reduced mean square of deviation (X2). It was found that, among the models evaluated, the Midilli and Kucuk model is the best to describe the drying kinetics of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves. The effective moisture diffusivity was found to be in the range of 10-13 – 10-12 m2/s and the convective mass transfer coefficient was in the range of 10-9 – 10-10 m/s. The activation energy value was found to be 89.21 kJ/mol
Komposisi Fisikokimia Tepung Ubi Kayu dan Mocaf dari Tiga Genotipe Ubi Kayu Hasil Pemuliaan
No full textFaktor penting yang mempengaruhi karakteristik fisikokimia tepung adalah bahan baku tepung, genotipe/varietas serta proses pengolahan dalam pembuatan tepung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi komposisi fisikokimia tepung ubi kayu dan mocaf dari tiga genotipe ubi kayu yaitu GX, G053 dan G390 yang merupakan hasil pemuliaan tim Croop Improvement IPB. Evaluasi komposisi fisikokimia dilakukan dengan menganalisis kadar air, karbohidrat, protein, lemak, abu, kadar HCN, rendemen dan derajat putih. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa setiap genotipe ubi kayu memiliki komposisi fisikokimia yang berbeda-beda dipengaruhi oleh jenis genotipe dan proses pengolahannya. Komposisi fisikokimia tepung ubi kayu dari genotipe G053 memiliki keunggulan rendemen (26.10%±0.01), karbohidrat (89.11%±0.015), protein (2.63%±0.014), derajat putih tertinggi (96.89%±0.02) serta kadar air terendah (6.73%±0.004). Tepung dari genotipe G390 memiliki keunggulan kadar abu (0.74%±0.015) dan lemak (0.59%±0.005) terendah. Tepung GX memiliki keunggulan HCN terendah (0.40 ppm±0.198). Komposisi fisikokimia mocaf dari genotipe G053 memiliki keunggulan yaitu karbohidrat, derajat putih tertinggi (98.44%±0.02) dan kadar air terendah (6.65%±0.004). Mocaf dari genotipe G390 memiliki protein (3.01%±0.018) tertinggi kadar abu (0.28%±0.002) dan lemak terendah (0.57%±0.004). Mocaf dari genotipe GX memiliki keunggulan dengan kadar rendemen tertinggi (28.57%±0.08) dan HCN terendah (0.20 ppm±0.10)
Simulation of oil palm root water uptake by using 2D numerical soil-water flow model
No full textThe sustainability in oil palm plantation requires a specific information about the oil palm root water uptake. As an introduction, it is find of interest to simulate the root water uptake and water content pattern of oil palm. The study was performed by applying the 2D simulation soil-water flow model to 17th year old oil palm tree located in Siak, Riau with the loam soil type. The climate data during 22 Nov – 22 Dec 2018 was used to predict the evapotranspiration. The simulation over 30 days based on Richard equation illustrated the root water uptake distribution, water content change, pressure head and flow velocity. The most intensive root water uptake occurred in the upper root zone of oil palm tree as an impact of the higher root density. The significant root water uptake in the upper root zone lead to the decreasing of water content and increasing of pressure head. Consequently, there was a change of water flow direction from the wet area in the downward and sideward do dry root zone as the water supply to the oil palm tree. The validation test showed that the simulation performed well (R2 = 0.724 and RMSE = 0.0066)
Perlakuan Massa dan Waktu Kontak Karbon Aktif Terhadap Efisiensi Adsorpsi Air Limbah Pengolahan Kopi
No full textKopi merupakan salah satu hasil perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi. Pengolahan kopi secara basah ataupun kering akan menghasilkan limbah yang dapat mencemari lingkungan di sekitarnya. Salah satu dampak pencemaran lingkungan tersebut diakibatkan oleh air limbah dari pengolahan biji kopi. Upaya untuk mengurangi dampak tersebuta dalah penanganan air limbah menggunakan metode adsorpsi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis perlakuan massa karbon aktifdari kulit buah kopi dan waktu kontak yang terbaik dalam adsorpsi untuk penanganan air limbah pengolahan kopi. Terdapat dua parameter yang diukur yaitu warna dan kekeruhanpada adsorpsiair limbahkopi. Massa karbon aktif yang digunakan pada masing-masing sampel yaitu 5, 10dan 15 gram.Adapun waktu kontak pada perlakuan yaitu 60, 90, dan 120 menit. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah pengukuran efisiensi penurunan parameter kualitas air limbah pengolahan biji kopi berupa kekeruhan dan warna. Hasil yang terbaik dari perlakuan massa dan waktu kontak adalah15 gramdan 60 menit. Perlakuan tersebut memiliki nilai efisiensi penurunan parameter kualitas air limbah pengolahan kopi berupa kekeruhan dan warna secara berurutan sebesar 89,58% dan 83,86%.Coffee is one of the crops that has a high economic value. Wet or dry coffee processing will produce waste that can pollute the surrounding environment. Environmental impact caused by coffee wastewater in the form of water that becomes cloudy with dark color. The treatment can be done using the adsorption method. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficiency of the best activated carbon mass and the optimum contact time in the adsorption process on the treatment of coffee processing wastewater. The mass of activated carbon used in each sample is 5 grams, 10 grams, and 15 grams with contact time of 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes.The parameters were examined consist of turbidity and colour. The best treatment is mass of activated carbon of 15 g and interaction of 60 minutes. By using a different mass and the time of contact in adsorption can decrease the characteristics of coffee processing wastewater that is in the turbidity parameter yields a efficiency of 89.58% and in color parameters reached 83.86%
Aplikasi Model Peleg untuk Analisa Rehidrasi Tekwan Kering pada Beberapa Suhu Perendaman
No full textThis study was aimed to apply Peleg Model to analyze rehydration of dried tekwan at several variations of water immersion temperature. The method used was descriptive and experimental of one factor treatment (Non Factorial), which was immersion temperature with four treatments level (30, 45, 70 and 90oC), each treatment was done triplicate. The parameter observed was moisture content at times of observation. The result showed that the Peleg Model coefficients (K1 and K2) were inversely affected by the temperature. The relationship was expressed into non-linear regression (polynomial) with R2 value of 0,973 and 0,988. It showed that the obtained Peleg model could be applied adequately for the rehydration of dried tekwan at some immersion temperature. The resulting model also met the statistical criteria with the largest SEE and MRE values 6.73% and 3.58%. The model could predict the dried tekwan rehydration best at the temperature of 30oC and 45oC with the smallest SEE and MRE values
Analisis Rasio Energi pada Produksi Biodiesel dengan Reaktor Berpengaduk Statik Sistem Kontinu (Energy Ratio Analysis on Biodiesel Production Using Continuous Static Mixing Reactor)
No full textEnergy ratio analysis of various methods and technology of biodiesel production is needed to get an idea of the effectiveness of the method or technology used. This study aims to analyze the energy ratio in the biodiesel production process with a continuous static mixing reactor. RE2 values for biodiesel production using a continuous static mixing reactor with catalysts 0.3% (w/w) and 0.5% (w/w), respectively are 0.94 and 1.03. The addition of the number of modules to achieve the conversion rate required in accordance with SNI-7182 (2018) can increase the energy ratio to 1.10 in the use of catalysts 0.3% (w/w), and 1.09 with the use of a 0.5% catalyst (w/w). The energy ratio value with the addition of the module is about 10% higher than the ratio value for the bacth method using a 1% catalyst and the SMV method without catalyst
Rainwater Harvesting as Alternative Clean Water Sources in the Bekasi Watershed
No full textPanen air hujan merupakan salah satu upaya yang ditujukan untuk mengurangi limpasan permukaan dan meningkatkan ketersediaan air. Panen air hujan menjadi salah satu alternative untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air masyarakat dan mengurangi penggunaa air dari PDAM ataupun air tanah. Perencanaan panen air hujan di wilayah DAS Bekasi Hulu bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air masyarakat DAS Bekasi Hulu yang selama ini memanfaatkan air PDAM. Perencanaan panen air dihitung berdasarkan besar kebutuhan air dan jumlah volume air hujan yang dapat tertampung. Dimensi bak penampungan direncanakan adalah dengan kapasitas tampung 4 m3 dengan tinggi 160 cm tebal dinding 3 cm. Hasil perhitungan kebutuhan air penduduk DAS Bekasi hulu pada tahun 2018 adalah sebesar 73 juta m3/tahun setara dengan 110 milyar rupiah tarif PDAM. Dengan adanya perencanaan panen hujan maka diperoleh besar air hujan tertampung setiap tahunnya adalah sebesar 7.8 juta m3/tahun. Berdasarkan penelitian ini masyarakat dapat menghemat biaya air sebesar 11% dari total biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk biaya air PDAM. Pemanenan air hujan dapat diterapkan di wilayah DAS Bekasi Hulu dan sudah saatnya untuk disosalisasikan kepada masyarakat.Rainwater harvesting is one of the efforts to reduce surface runoff and increase water availability. Rainwater harvesting becomes one of the alternatives to meet the water needs of the community and reduce the use of PDAM water or groundwater. Rainwater harvesting planning in the Bekasi watershed aims to meet the water needs of the community in the upstream areas of the Bekasi river who have used PDAM water. Rainwater harvest planning is calculated based on the amount of water needed and the accommodated rainwater volume. The dimension of the reservoir was planned with a capacity of 4 m³ with a height of 160 cm and a thickness of 3 cm. The result of the calculation of the water needs of the community in the Bekasi watershed in 2018 was 73 million m³/year or equivalent to Rp 110 billion in PDAM rates. Through the rainwater harvesting planning, the amount of rainwater collected each year reached 7.8 million m³/year. Based on this research, the community can save water costs by 11% of the total costs incurred for PDAM water costs. Rainwater harvesting can be applied in the Bekasi watershed in the upstream areas and it is time to socialize it to the community
Time and Speed of Stirring Treatment in Adsorption Effectiveness of Coffee Processing Waste Water
No full textPengolahan kopi dengan metode olah basah menghasilkan banyak air limbah dari hasil sortasi rambang, pulping, dan hasil pencucian dari fermentasi. Air limbah tersebut berpotensi mencemari lingkungan jika tidak dilakukan penanganan terlebih dahulu. Adsorpsi merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat mengurangi risiko pencemaran dari air limbah pengolahan kopi. Variasi waktu dan kecepatan pengadukan pada adsorpsi diprediksi dapat meningkatkan perbaikan kualitas air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh waktu dan kecepatan pengadukan terhadap efisiensi penurunan nilai paremeter kekeruhan dan warna pada adsorpsi air limbah pengolahan kopi menggunakan karbon aktif dari kulit buah kopi. Karbon aktif yang dipakai berasal dari kulit buah kopi yang sudah diaktivasi dengan NaOH 1 M. Parameter yang diamati dalam adsorpsi yaitu kekeruhan dan warna. Waktu yang digunakan pada pengadukan yaitu 60 menit, 65 menit dan 70 menit dengan masing-masing kecepatan yaitu 60 rpm, 90 rpm, dan 120 rpm. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa perlakuan waktu dan kecepatan pengadukan terbaik adalah 60 menit/ 120 rpm. Perlakuan waktu dan pengadukan sebesar 60 menit/ 120 rpm pada adsoprsi air limbah pengolahan kopi memiliki nilai efisiensi penurunan pada parameter kekeruhan dan warna secara berurutan yaitu 93,13% dan 83,93%.Processing of coffee with wet processing method produces a lot of waste water from the results of the vines, pulping, and the washing result of fermentation. The wastewater has the potential to pollute the environment in case of no treatment. Adsorption is one method that can reduce the risk of pollution from coffee processing wastewater. The time variation and stirring speed of adsorption may affect the improvement of the quality of wastewater. The study aims to identify the influence of time and speed stirring towards the efficiency of decreasing the parameter turbidity and color in the adsorption of coffee wastewater using activated carbon from the coffee pulp. Carbon from coffee pulp was activated by using NaOH 1 M. The parameters observed in the adsorption i.e turbidity and color. The time used in stirring i.e 60 minutes 65 minutes, and 70 minutes with each speed of 60 rpm, 90 rpm, and 120 rpm. The research result shows that the best stirring time and speed treatment was 60 Minutes/120 rpm. The time and stirring treatment of 60 minutes/120 rpm in coffeeprocessing wastewater adsorption is the best effective treatment in decreasing turbidity and color parameters respectively, 93.13% and 83.93%
Rancang Bangun dan Pengujian Penghalang Heliks sebagai Pencampur Udara-Biogas pada Motor Otto
No full textA helical barrier as air-biogas mixing device was designed and tested for direct use of biogas from digester in otto cycle generator set. Homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture can give better combustion reaction and increase engine power. The design was based on simulation, which shows that a 0.039 m length of helical barrier gave a 5% increase in power compared to non-helical barrier. Likewise, the simulations also showed that the helical barrier reduced specific fuel consumption (SFC) by 8%. Accordingly, the mixer with helical barrier was designed, and fabricated. Its performance test confirms the improvement resulted by using helical barriers as air-biogas mixer in the engine. The experiment showed that the power increased by 5% when using helical barrier, while SFC decreased by 4.5%. It is concluded that the helical barrier can increase the homogeneity of the mixture resulting in better engine performance. Besides, emissions produced from the engine using a helical barrier also decreased