Padjadjaran Journal of Law
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Job Termination and Social Security of Migrant Workers in Malaysia During Covid-19 Pandemic
Full text linkMigrant workers are the most vulnerable groups during the Covid-19 outbreak. The study aims to discuss the current legal framework governing migrant workers in Malaysia during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The discussion covers the effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on migrant workers focusing on job termination and access to social security protection. It also makes recommendations on policy guidelines to ensure migrant worker’s safety against job termination and zero access to social security during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The study employed a doctrinal approach. It used primary and secondary data that included desktop research, with a particular emphasis on journals, documents, and official reports. Policymakers tended to neglect migrant workers during the pandemic because the migrant workers had less access to adequate security, particularly in terms of job termination and living conditions. The Covid-19 pandemic and the Movement Control Order imposed in Malaysia have affected migrant workers in various ways. It puts workers who are unable to work and who want to work in vital services in jeopardy. In conclusion, a national approach policy is impractical for migrant workers because the workers are short of access to social security and urgent assistance.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n3.a
The Dichotomy of Jus Ad Bellum and Jus Ad Bello in the 21st Century: Its Relevance and Reconstruction
Full text linkClassical international law recognizes a rigid, autonomous, and independent dichotomy between jus ad bellum and jus in bello, which can result in the possibility of a just war being carried out illegally or vice versa. The dichotomy is considered a paradox. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the jus ad bellum and jus in bello dichotomy in the 21st century and to offer a more precise reconstruction of the relationship between the two. The results show that the rigid dichotomy between jus ad bellum and jus in bello is no longer relevant since the boundaries between war and peace are increasingly blurred. Nowadays, the world has experienced more widespread asymmetric warfare, as well as the use of modern super weapons. The dichotomy is also considered very eurocentrism and creates a paradox in international law. On the other hand, both have disproportionate use of force against the law and are not justified by military necessity. The reconstruction of the relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello must be dynamic, holistic, and harmonious. There should not be a rigid dichotomy, nor a rigid integration, which always places jus ad bellum above jus in bello or vice versa. Reconstruction of the relationship between the two must be based on the principle that a just war must be carried out in a just manner.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n2.a
The Protection of Spiritual Rights in the Sharia Banking Dispute Settlement: Overview of the Sharia Banking Law in Indonesia
Full text link The status of Islamic banking in dispute settlement is normatively a positive legal subject to Islamic law principles. The Financial Services Authority confirms that many conflicts involve Islamic banks and their customers. The problem of the legal and economic context of Islamic banking is more complex, considering the operational concept of Islamic banks is different from conventional banking. Islamic banking must operate based on sharia, including in dispute resolution issues. Spiritual rights are one of the interests of Islamic banking customers that require attention. This study investigates the protection of spiritual rights in the sharia banking dispute settlement based on the perspective of Indonesian sharia banking law. This study employed normative qualitative research methods on primary data, such as the sharia banking law, the consumer protection act, and the dispute resolution act. It found that Indonesia has laws to address sharia banking disputes based on Islamic principles. However, they have not been appropriately implemented. The authority of religious courts to settle disputes on sharia banking has not been effective in protecting spiritual rights because there are still processes of settlement on sharia banking through the general courts. It indicates that stakeholders’ understanding of spiritual rights is still limited.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n3.a
The Urgency of Open Application Programming Interface Standardization in the Implementation of Open Banking to Customer Data Protection for the Advancement of Indonesian Banking
Full text linkOpen banking with Application Programming Interface technology (open API) is an initiative that aims to streamline the payment system in Indonesia. Open API allows banks to integrate their systems with fintech and e-commerce by disclosing customer transaction data. This study aims to reveal the urgency of open API standardization in the Indonesian implementation of open banking. The study employed a normative juridical approach to secondary data. The data includes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. It also used a qualitative normative data analysis method. It concludes that before the establishment of the National Standard for Open API Payment (SNAP), the process of sharing data among banks and fintech and/or e-commerce was unstandardized. It was only based on agreement among parties. Indonesian banks have different-various standards of the open API that could affect customer data protection. According to the Regulation of the Financial Service Authority Number 12/POJK.03/2018, the relationship between banks and fintech and/or e-commerce in the administration of digital banking services that is based solely on agreements among parties is not strong enough. OJK indeed presents as a supervisory agency. However, the parties will eventually return to an agreement among themselves. In contrast to the Regulation of the Financial Service Authority, the Regulation of Members of the Board of Governors, which is the legal basis for SNAP, provides standards that both service providers and service users must comply with. However, the implementation of SNAP-based open APIs still needs the readiness of personal data protection regulations.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n1.a4
The Position of Convict as Justice Collaborator in Revealing Organized Crime
Full text linkThis article aims to examine the position of the convict as justice collaborator in revealing organized crime. A justice collaborator can assist law enforcement officers. The background of the study is the concept of crown witness, which is often used in proving criminal cases, even though it violates human rights. A difficulty in revealing organized crime is that perpetrators mostly do not disclose their criminal network and the parties involved. Information from the convict related to the network of the crime they committed makes law enforcement officers easier to reveal the organized crime. This study used a juridical analysis with an approach to laws and regulations, conceptual method, and comparative method. The results of the study show that convict who chose to become a justice collaborator has a vital role. Law enforcement officers can take advantage of this role in exposing organized crimes without human rights violations to the convict. The convict can have a reward in the form of parole and additional remissions.Kedudukan Narapidana sebagai Justice Collaborator dalam Pengungkapan Kejahatan TerorganisirAbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan mengkaji kedudukan narapidana sebagai justice collaborator dalam pengungkapan kejahatan terorganisir yang dapat membantu tugas aparat penegak hukum. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi konsep saksi mahkota yang sering dipergunakan dalam pembuktian perkara pidana namun dinilai melanggar HAM. Kesulitan pengungkapan kejahatan teroganisir adalah para pelaku yang terlibat tidak mengungkapkan jaringan kejahatannya serta pihak yang terlibat. Informasi dari narapidana terkait jaringan kejahatan yang pernah dilakukannya, memudahkan pengungkapan kejahatan terorganisir oleh aparat penegak hukum. Pada penulisan ini penyusunan dilakukan dari hasil analisis yuridis melalui sebuah pendekatan peraturan-peraturan undang-undang, metode konseptual dan juga mempergunakan metode perbandingan. Adapun hasil dari penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa narapidana sebagai justice collaborator memiliki peran yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh aparat penegak hukum dalam mengungkap kejahatan terorganisir tanpa dinilai melakukan pelanggaran HAM kepada narapidana karena adanya pemberian penghargaan berupa pembebasan bersyarat dan remisi tambahan.Kata Kunci: justice collaborator, kejahatan terorganisir, narapidana.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n2.a5This article aims to examine the position of the convict as justice collaborator in revealing organized crime. A justice collaborator can assist law enforcement officers. The background of the study is the concept of crown witness, which is often used in proving criminal cases, even though it violates human rights. A difficulty in revealing organized crime is that perpetrators mostly do not disclose their criminal network and the parties involved. Information from the convict related to the network of the crime they committed makes law enforcement officers easier to reveal the organized crime. This study used a juridical analysis with an approach to laws and regulations, conceptual method, and comparative method. The results of the study show that convict who chose to become a justice collaborator has a vital role. Law enforcement officers can take advantage of this role in exposing organized crimes without human rights violations to the convict. The convict can have a reward in the form of parole and additional remissions.Kedudukan Narapidana sebagai Justice Collaborator dalam Pengungkapan Kejahatan TerorganisirAbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan mengkaji kedudukan narapidana sebagai justice collaborator dalam pengungkapan kejahatan terorganisir yang dapat membantu tugas aparat penegak hukum. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi konsep saksi mahkota yang sering dipergunakan dalam pembuktian perkara pidana namun dinilai melanggar HAM. Kesulitan pengungkapan kejahatan teroganisir adalah para pelaku yang terlibat tidak mengungkapkan jaringan kejahatannya serta pihak yang terlibat. Informasi dari narapidana terkait jaringan kejahatan yang pernah dilakukannya, memudahkan pengungkapan kejahatan terorganisir oleh aparat penegak hukum. Pada penulisan ini penyusunan dilakukan dari hasil analisis yuridis melalui sebuah pendekatan peraturan-peraturan undang-undang, metode konseptual dan juga mempergunakan metode perbandingan. Adapun hasil dari penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa narapidana sebagai justice collaborator memiliki peran yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh aparat penegak hukum dalam mengungkap kejahatan terorganisir tanpa dinilai melakukan pelanggaran HAM kepada narapidana karena adanya pemberian penghargaan berupa pembebasan bersyarat dan remisi tambahan.Kata Kunci: justice collaborator, kejahatan terorganisir, narapidana.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n2.a
The Implementation of the Deferred Prosecution Agreement Concept to Corruption by Corporations with the Anti-Bribery Management System (SNI ISO 37001: 2016)
Full text linkPrevention of corruption is one of legal reform agendas that has been implemented by the Indonesian government. However, there is a gap in the main objective of the prevention to restore the country’s financial losses. Returning state’s financial losses is not easy. There are needs of a new paradigm to maximize the return of state financial losses caused by corruption. In the United Kingdom, the Serious Fraud Office used the Deferred Prosecution Agreement to handle Rolls-Royce’s alleged corruption offenses. One of the requirements is a legal compliance program that the corporation must obey. This study conducted in a form of a descriptive study. It employed normative juridical research type with statute and conceptual approaches, as well as legal comparison. The data was collected through literature studies before subsequently analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the implementation of the concept of deferred prosecution on corruption crimes committed by corporations with anti-bribery management system (SNI ISO 37001: 2016) is stated in the legislation policy related to the prohibition of corruption crimes committed by corporation. Any corporations can be held criminally accountable. However, policies and regulations in Indonesia do not require corporations to follow the legal compliance program.Penerapan Konsep Perjanjian Penundaan Penuntutan terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang Dilakukan Korporasi dengan Sistem Manajemen Anti Penyuapan (SNI ISO 37001: 2016)AbstrakPencegahan tindak pidana korupsi merupakan salah satu program reformasi di bidang hukum yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan dalam tujuan utama penanggulangan tindak pidana korupsi yaitu mengembalikan kerugian keuangan negara. Dalam pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara tidak semudah yang dibayangkan, sehingga perlu adanya paradigma baru sebagai upaya untuk memaksimalkan pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi. Penanganan tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan Serious Fraud Office di Inggris terhadap korporasi Rolls-Royce dengan menggunakan Deferred Prosecution Agreement, yang mana dalam salah satu klausul nya dikehendaki, adanya program kepatuhan hukum yang wajib diikuti oleh korporasi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum (legal comparison). Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan Konsep Perjanjian Penundaan Penuntutan terhadap tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan korporasi dengan Sistem Manajemen Anti Penyuapan (SNI ISO 37001: 2016) secara eksplisit telah ditetapkan dalam kebijakan legislasi terkait dengan larangan tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh korporasi, dan korporasi yang melakukannya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana. Namun kebijakan dan regulasi di Indonesia tidak mewajibkan korporasi untuk mengikuti program kepatuhan hukum, dalam hal ini Sistem Manajemen Anti Penyuapan SNI ISO 37001: 2016.Kata Kunci: korupsi korporasi, ISO, perjanjian penundaan penuntutan.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n2.a4 Prevention of corruption is a reform program in legal field that has been implemented by the Indonesian government. However, there is a gap in the main objective of the prevention to restore the country’s financial losses. Returning state’s financial losses is not easy. There are needs of a new paradigm to maximize the return of state financial losses caused by corruption. In the United Kingdom, the Serious Fraud Office used the Deferred Prosecution Agreement to handle Rolls-Royce’s alleged corruption offenses. One of the requirements is a legal compliance program that the corporation must obey. This study is a descriptive study. It employed normative juridical research type with statute and conceptual approaches, as well as legal comparison. The data was collected through literature studies before subsequently analyzed qualitatively. The results shows that the implementation of the concept of deferred prosecution on corruption crimes committed by corporations with anti-bribery management system (SNI ISO 37001: 2016) is stated in the legislation policy related to the prohibition of corruption crimes committed by corporation. Any corporations can be held criminally accountable. However, policies and regulations in Indonesia do not require corporations to follow the legal compliance program.Penerapan Konsep Perjanjian Penundaan Penuntutan terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang Dilakukan Korporasi dengan Sistem Manajemen Anti Penyuapan (SNI ISO 37001: 2016)AbstrakPencegahan tindak pidana korupsi merupakan salah satu program reformasi di bidang hukum yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan dalam tujuan utama penanggulangan tindak pidana korupsi yaitu mengembalikan kerugian keuangan negara. Dalam pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara tidak semudah yang dibayangkan, sehingga perlu adanya paradigma baru sebagai upaya untuk memaksimalkan pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi. Penanganan tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan Serious Fraud Office di Inggris terhadap korporasi Rolls-Royce dengan menggunakan Deferred Prosecution Agreement, yang mana dalam salah satu klausul nya dikehendaki, adanya program kepatuhan hukum yang wajib diikuti oleh korporasi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum (legal comparasion). Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Penerapan Konsep Perjanjian Penundaan Penuntutan terhadap tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan korporasi dengan Sistem Manajemen Anti Penyuapan (SNI ISO 37001: 2016) secara eksplisit telah ditetapkan dalam kebijakan legislasi terkait dengan larangan tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh korporasi, dan korporasi yang melakukannya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana. Namun kebijakan dan regulasi di Indonesia tidak mewajibkan korporasi untuk mengikuti program kepatuhan hukum, dalam hal ini Sistem Manajemen Anti Penyuapan SNI ISO 37001: 2016.Kata kunci: ISO, perjanjian penundaan penuntutan, tindak pidana korupsi oleh korporasi.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v7n3.a4
Fungsionalisasi Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Curang Sebagai Bentuk Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Rumah Sakit Dihubungkan Dengan Asas Keadilan
Full text linkFraud is a systematic crime that has a very broad impact. It can happen in any fields, including in hospitals. Fraud is a form of corruption. Hospital is a health service institution. Corruption in hospitals has the potential to lead to ineffective health services for people. The phenomenon of health care fraud in hospital is an indication the law does not function in accordance with the objective. This study aims to determine the functionalization of law and sentence for fraudulent acts as a form of corruption in hospitals based on justice values. This study is a descriptive study with normative juridical method that employed statutory and conceptual approaches. The data were collected through a literature study. It was subsequently analyzed qualitatively. This study is of the position to view that prosecution of criminal acts of corruption requires functionalization of law. The functionalization of law must be interpreted as positioning everything in its proper place. It is the synergy of the legal system, which consists of formulative, judicial, and executive policies. The criminal procedures can apply the punishment system for perpetrators of fraudulent acts in hospitals that includes extended alternative punishment.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n3.a2Fraud merupakan tindak pidana terencana yang memiliki dampak yang sangat luas terutama tindak pidana korupsi yang terjadi di Rumah Sakit. Hal ini karena Rumah Sakit merupakan institusi pelayanan kesehatan. Dilihat dari penindakan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi, terlihat bahwa jumlah kerugian negara akibat dari tindak pidana korupsi terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa tidak berfungsinya hukum sebagaimana tujuan hukum yang ingin dicapai. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsionalisasi hukum terhadap tindakan curang sebagai bentuk tindak pidana korupsi di Rumah Sakit dihubungkan dengan asas keadilan, melalui metode penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu pendekatan masalah dengan melihat, menelaah dan menginterpretasikan hal-hal yang bersifat teoritis yang menyangkut asas-asas hukum yang berupa konsepsi, peraturan perundang-undangan, pandangan, doktrin hukum dan sistem hukum yang berkaitan. Melalui penelitian ini, peneliti berpendapat bahwa penindakan terhadap tindak pidana korupsi membutuhkan adanya fungsionalisasi hukum, dimana fungsionalisasi hukum haruslah diartikan sebagai menempatkan sesuatu pada tempatnya, yaitu bersinerginya suatu sistem hukum yang didalamnya terdiri dari kebijakan formulative, kebijakan yudikatif dan kebijakan eksekutif. Adapun model pemidanaan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi di Rumah Sakit yaitu pengembalian kerugian sampai derajat ke 3 (tiga) sebagai alternative pemidanaan
The Optimization of Corruption Deterrence during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Full text linkDuring the Covid-19 Pandemic, weak monitoring and evaluation have opened greater opportunities for money laundering and, in general, corruption cases. The Indonesian Survey Institute revealed data, which exposes an increase of 39.6% of the public’s perception regarding the scale of corruption cases during the pandemic. This survey is in line with the data of the Indonesian Corruption Watch mentioning 169 corruption cases during the first period of 2020. In the era of economic and health crises, corruption surely may provide greater impact and damage to the state governance and community activities. This study aims to measure the optimization of actual efforts to counter corruption during the Covid-19 Pandemic. It is a descriptive-qualitative with literature study to reveal facts. The method is in line with the use of information management activities carried out by formal and non-formal institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic. The target population is state institutions or government agencies that act as law enforcers to counter money laundering or, in general, corruption. The target population covers them who have specialization to operate tasks dealing with corruption crimes. The study shows that there have been many programs and synergies carried out by law enforcers and the government. However, they have not been able to mitigate and to eradicate corruption. Therefore, for the purpose of improvement, the parties need to adjust monitoring and evaluation system with the Covid-19 Pandemic conditions.Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Korupsi di era Pandemi Covid-19, Sudah Optimalkah?AbstrakLemahnya monitoring dan evaluasi pada era pandemi covid-19 ternyata membuat tingginya peluang tindak pidana pencucian uang utamanya dari segi kasus korupsi. Signifikansi ini dibuktikan dari data Lembaga Survei Indonesia yang menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 39,6 % dari persepsi masyarakat yang menyatakan tingginya kasus korupsi selama pandemi. Survei ini ternyata juga sejalan dengan data 169 kasus korupsi yang terjadi selama periode I tahun 2020 oleh Indonesian Corruption Watch. Tindak pidana korupsi yang terjadi pada era krisis ekonomi dan kesehatan selama pandemi covid telah merugikan aktivitas tata kelola negara dan masyarakat sehingga penelitian ini ingin mendalami bagaimana sebenarnya upaya pencegahan tindak pidana korupsi selama pandemi Covid-19, apakah telah optimal atau belum? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi pustaka untuk melihat fakta empiris di lapangan. Hal tersebut juga sejalan dengan pemanfaatan kegiatan pengelolaan informasi yang dilakukan oleh lembaga dan lembaga negara pada saat pandemi Covid-19. Populasi sasaran teoritis adalah lembaga negara atau lembaga pemerintah yang bertindak sebagai penegak hukum tindak pidana pencucian uang. Populasi sasaran operasional mengkhususkan diri pada divisi tertentu yang bertugas menangani kejahatan pencucian uang. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sudah banyak program dan sinergi yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum dengan pemerintah namun belum mampu memitigasi dan memberantas tindak pidana pencucian uang secara keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pembenahan sistem monitoring dan evaluasi untuk beradaptasi dengan pandemi Covid-19.Kata Kunci: covid-19, korupsi, optimalisasi.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n1.a4
Legal Status of Law Elucidation in The Indonesian Legislation System
Full text linkLaw elucidation is the interpretation of norms contained in the body of the law. Since the Constitutional Court reviewed the elucidation, several legal issues have arisen regarding law elucidation in the Indonesian Legislation System. The first is the formal (binding force) and material (material content) legal status of the law elucidation. The second is the extent to which the Constitutional Court can review the law elucidation. This study employed normative juridical and evaluative methods; and generates several conclusions. First, the law elucidation has binding legal force. Second, there are two forms of the elucidation content: (1) interpretation in the form of norm; and (2) interpretation that is not in the form of norm. Third, the elucidation can be reviewed if it contradicts the body of the law, other the laws that regulate the same substance, or contrary to the 1945 Constitution. Fourth, the elucidation needs to be separated from the law framework. Consequently, the elucidation does not contain essential content and does not cause constitutional problems if the content is problematic. Lastly, the elucidation needs to contain the aims and objectives of each article's existence. Therefore, the law enforcers can implement the law according to the legislators' wishes.Status Hukum Penjelasan Undang-Undang dalam Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia AbstrakPenjelasan undang-undang merupakan tafsir dari norma yang terdapat pada batang tubuh undang-undang. Akan tetapi, beberapa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi memperlihatkan bahwa penjelasan bermuatan norma dan berkekuatan hukum mengikat. Hal tersebut menunjukan status hukum penjelasan undang-undang dalam sistem peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia, baik dari segi formil (kekuatan mengikat) maupun materiil (materi muatan), tidaklah jelas. Persoalan status hukum tersebut berkaitan pula dengan sejauhmana Mahkamah Konstitusi dapat menguji penjelasan. Oleh sebab itu, persoalan status hukum penjelasan undang-undang dan sejauhmana Mahkamah Konstitusi dapat menguji penjelasan undang-undang perlu diteliti. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan evaluatif, artikel ini menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama, penjelasan undang-undang memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat. Kedua, terdapat dua bentuk materi muatan dari penjelasan, yakni tafsir yang berbentuk norma dan tafsir yang tidak berbentuk norma. Ketiga, penjelasan dapat diuji, dibatalkan, atau dinyatakan konstitusional/inkonstitusional bersyarat apabila bertentangan dengan batang tubuh undang-undang yang sama, undang-undang lain yang mengatur substansi yang sama, atau bertentangan dengan konstitusi. Keempat, penjelasan perlu dipisahkan dari kerangka undang-undang agar tidak menimbulkan masalah konstitusional serta tidak perlu dibatalkan Mahkamah Konstitusi apabila isinya bermasalah dan agar penjelasan tidak memuat isi yang sifatnya esensial. Terakhir, penjelasan perlu memuat maksud dan tujuan dari keberadaan masing-masing pasal agar penegak hukum dapat melaksanakan penerapan hukum sesuai kehendak pembentuk undang-undang.Kata Kunci: penjelasan undang-undang, sistem peraturan perundang-undangan, status hukum.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n1.a
Reliability and Security in the Implementation of Digital Health Service Application with the Application of "Reliability Certification or Electronic Certification" based on Indonesian Law
Full text linkSocieties are always changing rapidly. Initially, societies recognize ordinary health services. Now, people acknowledge web application based digital health services. This rapid change raises potential problems such as the sale of illegal drugs, user data theft, and illegal health workers. Unfortunately, the government has not provided actions to respond the issues quickly. There is no law that underlies the implementation of web application. It increases the possibility of other potential problems. Therefore, it is necessary to question the reliability and security of the implementation of the application and the form of legal responsibility of the organizer. This study used a normative juridical method, which is carried out by examining secondary data as the main study material. The study reveals that the reliability and security in the implementation of applications both as an electronic system and as a health service facility can still be optimized. There are two forms of legal responsibility for the application operator, namely liability in the form of obligations and in the form of sanctions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n3.a6