Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan
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Dietary Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and their Association with Demographic Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
No full textThe study aimed to assess dietary Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice (KAP) among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Hospital Pakar USM (HPUSM), and their associations with demographic characteristics. The study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sampling method, and the analysis included responses from 118 participants. Their dietary KAP and demographic characteristics were assessed using an adapted and translated questionnaire based on the ADA Diabetes Self-Management Assessment Research Tool (D-SMART) and the University of Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Centre’s KAP questionnaire. The questionnaire was translated and pilot-tested among 10% of the study population to ensure clarity and understanding. Minor adjustments were made based on participant feedback. The mean age of the 118 participants was 58.0±13.3 years, with 40.7% men and 59.3% women. The vast majority of participants possessed favourable attitudes (91.5%), good dietary knowledge (84.7%), and good practice (72.9%). Specifically, the mean scores for dietary knowledge, attitude, and practice were 41.8±9.39, 5.4±1.06, and 5.3±1.6, respectively. Bivariate analyses indicated significant associations between education level and knowledge (p=0.007) and attitude (p=0.009) but not practice (p=0.942). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) demonstrated a significant multivariate association between education level and the combined KAP scores, Pillai’s Trace=0.182, p=0.001. The remaining demographic variables were not significantly associated with the combined KAP scores in the multivariate model (p>0.05).The results of the study indicate that, despite the fact that the majority of participants had favourable dietary knowledge, attitudes, and practices, education level significantly influenced knowledge and attitude scores. This underscores the importance of providing ongoing and targeted dietary education, particularly for individuals with lower educational attainment, to facilitate more effective dietary management among those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Exploring the Relationships between Eating Behaviours, Body Mass Index, Perceived Stress, and Dysmenorrhea among University Students in Malaysia
No full textThis study employed a cross-sectional design to investigate the interrelationships among eating behaviours (emotional, restrained, and external), Body Mass Index (BMI), perceived stress, and dysmenorrhea among university students. A total of 190 students from three higher education institutions in Kota Kinabalu were recruited via convenience sampling. Data collection was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire comprising sections on sociodemographic background, eating behaviours (DEBQ questionnaire), stress levels (PSS-10 instrument), dysmenorrhoea (WaLIDD score), and anthropometric measurements. Relationships among the variables were analysed using Pearson’s correlation test. The findings showed that most students exhibited external eating behaviours (55.3%), followed by restrained eating (32.1%) and emotional eating (12.6%), with mean±SD scores of 3.16±0.57, 2.84±0.83, and 2.63±0.73, respectively. Most students had a normal weight (60.5%), reported medium stress (80.5%), and experienced moderate dysmenorrhea (51.1%), with corresponding means of 22.31±4.40 kg/m² for BMI, 20.89±4.96 for perceived stress, and 5.93±2.59 for dysmenorrhea severity. The restrained eating was significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.320, p<0.001). No significant correlations were observed between BMI and emotional or external eating (p>0.05). Emotional and external eating behaviours were significantly correlated with perceived stress (r=0.227; r=0.183) and dysmenorrhoea severity (r=0.223; r=0.288), with all associations significant at p<0.05. In conclusion, the exploratory findings highlight interrelated associations among eating behaviours, BMI, perceived stress, and dysmenorrhea. The results suggest potential interactions between eating patterns and body composition, with menstrual discomfort and psychological stress possibly influencing eating behaviours. These findings underscore the need for integrated university-based programmes that promote mindful eating, stress management, and menstrual health to enhance students’ well-being and academic performance
Relationship Between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Cognitive Function among Children Ages 7-11 in Terengganu, Malaysia
No full textThis study aimed to examine the correlation between Ultra-Processed Foods (UPF) consumption and cognitive function among school-aged children (7–11 years) in Terengganu. A cross-sectional study (n=200; 53.5% girls; ages: 7–8y 13.0%, 9y 11.0%, 10y 17.0%, 11y 59.0%) was employed. Two non-consecutive 24-h recalls (one weekday, one weekend) were coded and foods classified with NOVA; UPF intake expressed as % of total energy. Cognitive function was assessed with Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices. Spearman’s correlation tested UPF–cognition associations (α=0.05). Mean energy intake was 1,623 kcal/day, approximating 84–101% of Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) across ages 7–11. UPFs contributed 26.7% of energy (weekday 25.8%, weekend 27.4%). Mean cognitive score was 105.4±18.7, with 28.5% in the average range. No significant correlation was observed between UPF energy share and cognitive scores (rs=0.065, p=0.361). While moderate UPF consumption did not directly impair cognitive function, this study reveals a compelling narrative about the protective role of traditional diets and parental involvement in shaping children\u27s health and cognitive development.
Entrepreneurial Education Mediates Entrepreneurial Intention among Dietetics Students in Malaysia
No full textThis study aimed to determine entrepreneurship intention, the factors that influence it, and the mediation effect of entrepreneurship education among undergraduate dietetics students in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling method and was conducted online among 221 Malaysian dietetics students from eight Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. The validated questionnaire contained 30 items with 5 domains: attitude towards entrepreneurship, perceived behaviour control, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship intention, and self-efficacy. Descriptive analysis, Spearman\u27s rho non-parametric test, and mediation analysis were performed to examine the relationships among the variables and the potential mediating effects. This study found positive and significant relationships between entrepreneurial attitude, perceived behaviour control, entrepreneurship education, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurship intention (p<0.001). Furthermore, entrepreneurial education partially mediates the link between entrepreneurial attitude, self-efficacy, and perceived behaviour control toward entrepreneurship intention. This study suggests the incorporation of an entrepreneurship education program into the curriculum and the encouragement of entrepreneurial activities among dietetics students in higher education institutions in Malaysia
Mind Over Plate: The Hypnotic Influence on Dietary Intake among Adults with Overweight and Obesity in Terengganu, Malaysia
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in improving dietary intake and weight status of young adults with high Body Mass Index (BMI) in a public university in Terengganu, Malaysia. This pre-and post-intervention randomly assigned 107 participants with BMI≥25 kg/m2 to either the Intervention Group (IG=53) or the Control Group (CG=54), for 12 weeks. All participants received health education (diet + exercise + behavioral recommendations) and completed food records, while those in IG had additional three hypnotherapy sessions once a month. Descriptive statistics and repeated measure Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were utilized (SPSS 23.0). A total of 104 participants completed the trial (female=82.2%; student=71.0%; BMI=31.3±5.0 kg/m2). Results demonstrated significant decrements in weight (Mean Difference (MD)=-1.4 kg; p=0.021), total energy (MD=-269 kcal; p=0.033), carbohydrate (MD=-1.0% EI; p=0.019) and total fats (MD=-1.8% EI; p=0.002) intakes in IG after controlling for age, gender and baseline variables on repeated measurements. Hypnotherapy had a positive impact on energy intake, indicating its effectiveness in tackling eating habits. These findings are promising and could serve as a basis for future studies in hypnotherapy for weight loss
The Experiences of Blended Training Implementation from Nutrition Goes to School (NGTS) Program in Indonesia
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a blended training for school teachers on adolescent health and nutrition. The training objective was to improve teachers’ knowledge, as well as their capacity to develop and implement action plans on school-based health and nutrition programs. Adolescents continue to face nutrition problems closely linked with poor eating behaviours and lack of physical activity. School has been identified as an effective venue for improving these problems. Many teachers’ training programs were reported on increasing the teachers’ roles in school health and nutrition program, but studies utilizing a blended training is lacking. This study used pre-post intervention with mixed methods design. The participants of this blended training were secondary school teachers who enrolled in a five-phase Nutrition Goes to School (NGTS) training on school-based nutrition promotion program, comprising in-service learning and on-the-job training for ten months. The participants decreased throughout the training to 114 participants completed the whole training. Out of 114 participants, 25 (22%) passed this NGTS blended training. Participants’ knowledge on health and nutrition improved as shown in pre-test median score of 60 and post-test median score of 80 (p<0.001). The final assignment on developing action plans showed a relatively good quality of engagement based on the participants’ understanding on the NGTS program, their resources, and their ability to manage challenges. Blended training with long duration but accompanied with technical assistance can provide added value in understanding the process of the NGTS program implementation and school-based health and nutrition program in general. However, the high attrition rate should be improved by facilitating more varied and engaging activities as part of the technical assistance in the future training program
Higher Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Increased Risk of Mental Health Issues in Undergraduates
No full textThis cross-sectional study, involving 250 healthy undergraduate students, aimed to examine the association between Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) consumption and mental health status. Mental health was assessed using the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), where participants were classified as either normal or high-risk based on their scores. Subsequently, dietary intake was assessed using the Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ), examining meals throughout the day. Additionally, the degree of food processing was classified using the NOVA food classification. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between mental health status, ultra-processed food consumption, and the contributing factors. The average daily energy intake was 1,216±488 kcal, with 25.7% coming from ultra-processed foods. Those at higher risk for mental health issues typically had a slightly lower fat percentage (26.5±8.5%) but a higher total body water percentage (50.6±4.7%) compared to those with normal mental health. Even after adjustment for confounding factors, high consumption of ultra-processed foods remained strongly associated with an increased risk of mental health problems (OR=2.196, 95% CI:1.056–4.566, p=0.035). Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of ultra-processed foods on mental health and enhance awareness of their risks while promoting fresh, minimally processed alternatives
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet for a Better Sperm Quality: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to investigate whether a higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) can enhance reproductive indicators in infertile men. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess whether increased adherence to the MD can enhance reproductive indicators in infertile men. An extensive search was conducted for pertinent studies in PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. The search included relevant publications published in the last 10 years from 2015. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 instrument was used to evaluate the studies. The study\u27s quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The data were analyzed and evaluated using RevMan version 5.4.1. The data on sperm volume were not statistically significant. The meta-analysis indicated an odds ratio of 1.06 for low semen volume (<1.5 mL) associated with low adherence to the MD (I2=12%; 95% CI:0.59–1.93, p=0.84). Furthermore, the analysis revealed a 2.86-fold increase in the probability of achieving higher sperm concentration (>15 × 106/mL) in individuals who adhered to the MD (I2=33%; 95% CI:1.58–5.18, p=0.0005). The meta-analysis further suggests that adherence to the MD is associated with a 2.54-fold increase in the likelihood of improving sperm count (>39 × 106/ejaculate) (I2=48%; OR=2.54; 95% CI:1.32–4.90, p=0.005). The meta-analysis on sperm motility demonstrated that individuals who adhere strictly to the MD are more likely to exhibit normal motility (>40%) (I2=0%; OR=4.64; 95% CI:2.41–8.95, p<0.00001). The meta-analysis further revealed a 2.66-fold increased likelihood of better sperm morphology (>4%) (I2=0%; OR=2.66; 95% CI:1.39–5.10, p=0.003) in individuals adhering to the MD. The present systematic review with meta-analysis indicates that higher adherence to the MD is associated with improved sperm quality parameters (sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology)