Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan
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Physical Activity Level and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women Visiting Public Healthcare Facilities
No full textThe aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of physical activity among pregnant women during early pregnancy, which is during their first trimester, and to investigate the determinants of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) related to sociodemographic and physical activity level. This cross-sectional study focused on pregnant women aged between 18–45 in their second or third trimester of pregnancy and visiting selected public healthcare facilities. Questionnaires including sociodemographic, anthropometric, medical history, and the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) were distributed. About 123 mothers were enrolled in this study. About 86.2% of them are physically active during early pregnancy, whereas just 13.8% are physically inactive. There was no statistically significant difference between pregnant mothers with and without GDM in physical activity level. Women aged 30 and older are three times more likely to acquire GDM (AOR=3.363, 95% CI: 1.314‒8.609), while women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of overweight or obese are 2.622 times more likely to develop GDM (AOR=2.622, 95% CI: 1.170‒5.875). In conclusion, even though both pregnant women with and without GDM have a high level of physical activity, the length of time spent in sedentary activities is notable. However, no significant relationship was observed between physical activity and GDM development, as most individuals were found to be following the suggested physical activity duration, yet advanced age and obese pre-pregnancy BMI were found to be determinants of the GDM occurrence
Factors Associated with Malnutrition among Newly Diagnosed Esophageal Cancer Patients
No full textThe study aimed to investigate the factors associated with malnutrition among newly diagnosed EC patients. A cross-sectional study included newly diagnosed EC patients from October 2020 to March 2022. Data on clinical status (diagnosis, comorbidities, and cancer stage), socio-demographic characteristics, functional status [Performance status scale using Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)], anthropometric measures [weight, height, and percentage of weight loss (% LOW) past 1-month], biochemical profiles [lymphocyte and serum albumin], malnutrition status [Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)] and total daily energy protein intake were assessed. The study enrolled 227 participants, and 96.5% (n=219) were malnourished. The mean for age, weight, percentage of weight loss past 6-months, SGA score, total daily energy protein intake, and serum albumin were 61.1±11.4 years, 57.7±14.4 kg, -8.6±6.5%, 12.6±3.9, 17±5 kcal/kg/day, 0.7±0.1 g/kg/day, and 35±5 g/L respectively. About 80.6% were stage III and IV, 96% experienced dysphagia, and 67% experienced muscle wasting. The % LOW past 1 month, gender, ECOG status, and lymphocyte levels were found to be the significant factors related to malnutrition among newly diagnosed EC patients (p<0.05) by a multi-linear regression test. EC patients are at high risk of being malnourished as the tumor-related symptoms include dysphagia, inadequate nutritional intake, muscle wasting, and lymphocytopenia. The current study is restricted to only one-time nutritional screening and evaluation. The current proposed model of malnutrition is a simple, useful, and efficient clinical tool to identify EC-related malnutrition followed by the early multidisciplinary-team approach-based nutrition intervention to minimize nutrition depletion, improve functional status, and enhance clinical outcomes before therapy or even higher survival rate
Predictors of Poor Sleep Quality among Vegetarians: Insights from a Study in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia
No full textThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its predictors among Malaysian vegetarians. The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 vegetarians in Malaysia. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours, psychological distress and sleep quality were collected using a set of self-administered questionnaires. A three-day dietary recall was employed to examine the dietary intake of vegetarians. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality in vegetarians, with a score above five indicating poor sleep quality. A multiple logistic regression model was used to determine how socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity level), psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) and specific dietary macronutrient intakes (carbohydrate, protein and fat) predicted poor sleep quality. The mean sleep duration was 6.0±1.4 hours among vegetarians. The mean PSQI score was 5.4±3.1, with 40.5% of vegetarians experiencing poor sleep quality. Multiple logistic regression found that vegetarians with depression (OR=4.56, 95% CI:1.62‒12.83) and stress (OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.14‒8.31) had higher odds of poor sleep quality (p<0.05). About two in five (40.5%) vegetarians reported poor sleep quality with depression and stress as significant predictors. Effective sleep education programs are essential for improving sleep hygiene awareness. Psychological screening and mental health interventions for vegetarians with depression and stress are necessary to improve their sleep health
Validity of Waist-to-Height Ratio for Hypertension Screening among Pre-Elderly Men and Women in Indonesia
No full textThe research was conducted to validate the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) as a predictor of hypertension among pre-elderly individuals in Indonesia. The study utilized a cross-sectional analysis based on secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Longitudinal Aging Survey (ILAS). A total of 2,170 pre-elderly adults aged 45–59 years (993 men and 1,177 women), were included, with 46.4% classified as hypertensive. Predictive performance of WHtR was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Optimal cutoff points were then determined using Youden index and accuracy. Diagnostic performance was evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Values (NPV). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of WHtR for the predicting hypertension was 0.648 (95% CI: 0.614–0.683, p<0.001) in men and 0.633 (95% CI: 0.601–0.664, p<0.001) in women. The selected cutoff for WHtR was 0.513 in men (sensitivity: 67.6%, specificity: 55.5%), and 0.597 in women (sensitivity: 56.3%, specificity: 65.3%), with an overall accuracy of 61.0%. These results support that WHtR may serve as a practical screening tool for hypertension in pre-elderly individuals in Indonesia, with sex-specific cutoff values that could support early identification and prevention strategies
Association between Sociodemographic and Health Behaviours with Body Weight Status among Adults in Terengganu, Malaysia
No full textThis study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic and health behaviours with body weight status among adults with healthy weight and overweight/obese in Terengganu. This cross-sectional study involved the measurement of body weight and height, followed by the categorization of BMI. Sociodemographic and health behaviour information was obtained through questionnaires, covering variables such as education level, monthly income, locality, gender, age, race, sleep quality, eating behaviours, and physical activity. A total of 326 adults with healthy weight (44.2%) and overweight/obesity (55.8%) in Terengganu aged 19‒60 years old were recruited. There were significant associations between age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), race (p=0.008), education level (p<0.001) and eating behaviour (p=0.012) with body weight status. These findings emphasize the impacts of sociodemographic factors and health behaviours in understanding and addressing the issue of overweight and obesity and will be used as a basis for developing effective and targeted intervention programs
The Effect of Healthy Boba Pearl Drink on Post-Prandial Glucose
Get PDFThis study was a randomized controlled trial using a repeated experimental design with a pre-test and a post-test control group. The study subjects were women of childbearing age, aged 20‒30 years, with no diagnosed chronic diseases and with baseline fasting blood glucose levels less than 125 mg/dL. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The treatment group received 350 mL of healthy boba drink, while the control group received 350 mL of commercial boba drink. The healthy boba drink was made by mixing 67 mL of fresh milk, 133 mL of soy milk, 1 g of stevia sweetener, 100 g of red dragon fruit, and 40 g of healthy boba pearls. It contained 215 kcal of energy, 8.82 g of protein, 8.90 g of fat, 30.78 g of carbohydrate, and 1,808 g of fiber. Each group had an initial fasting blood glucose levels measurement before the intervention, and postprandial glucose levels were measured at the end of the intervention (one time of intervention). The collected data were analyzed univariately to analyze the effect of treatment on postprandial glucose using the independent t-test. The result indicated that the subjects in the treatment group and 96.2% of the subjects in the control group had fasting glucose levels less than 126 mg/dL. Both participants in the control and treatment groups had postprandial glucose levels less than 200 mg/dL. The mean glucose level was 89.49 mg/dL in the treatment group and 92.57 mg/dL in the control group. The study results showed that the treatment group that consumed the healthy boba drink had a lower average postprandial glucose level than the control group. The statistical test results showed that there was a significant effect of healthy boba drink consumption on postprandial glucose levels in the treatment group (p<0.000). It is concluded that the healthy boba drink intervention had a significant effect (p<0.000) on lowering blood glucose by 5.82 mg/dL after the initial treatment. The results of this study are a major first step for future work to develop a healthier boba drink
Unveiling Determinants in Rice Supply Chain Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis on Food Security
Get PDFThis paper seeks to provide an overview of the characteristics of the Rice Supply Chain (RSC) as studied across various research areas related to food security concerns. In agriculture, Rice Self-Sufficiency (RSS) level is an indicator of food security. However, food security encompasses broader factors such as availability, accessibility, stability, and utilisation. Given that rice holds significant importance as one of the world\u27s staple foods, addressing the increasing demand for rice is seen as a crucial strategy to enhance national resilience against food insecurity. Inefficiencies in the rice supply chain can negatively impact production, storage, and distribution, consequently diminishing the RSS. In line with the growing attention to food security, there is a need to better understand the importance of sustaining the production of rice to cater to food security issues within broader academic research. Thus, this study has two main objectives: 1) to examine the characteristics and development of literature related to the RSC and, 2) to identify the thematic areas related to the RSC research and their connections to specific disciplines. To achieve this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis of 165 journal articles listed in the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS databases was conducted. This analysis revealed significant findings in research activity, highlighting the extensive and multidisciplinary nature of the studies. Study results indicate a gap in relational bibliometric studies within the field of RSC. Nevertheless, there is still potential for increased collaboration across disciplines and further investigation into how diverse RSC studies touch on food security issues for future reference
The Proximate Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Super Seed Cookies
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the nutritional content and assess the consumers\u27 acceptance of the sensory attributes of the Super Seed Cookies, which contained sacha inchi nuts, pumpkin seeds, almonds, and oats as added ingredients. The cookie was developed by a company named Mad About Cake. The cookie was analysed by measuring its proximate composition, such as moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and carbohydrate content. This research also discovered the consumers\u27 acceptance of the cookies by undergoing a 7-point hedonic sensory evaluation test among 30 semi-trained panelists. The proximate analysis results revealed that the Super Seed Cookies contained 4.06±0.07% of moisture, 1.80±0.04% of ash, 0.31±0.01% of protein, 3.16±0.00% of crude fiber, 7.67±0.00% of crude fat, and 83.00±0.00% of carbohydrates. In addition, the sensory evaluation results found that the consumers neither liked nor disliked all the sensory attributes of the cookies. In conclusion, improvement of the Super Seed Cookie\u27s nutrient contents and sensory attributes is needed to make the cookies a healthy food product choice and meet the consumer\u27s preferences before the cookies are commercialised to the market
Anthropometric Measures of Adiposity and Their Associations with Blood Pressure among Malay Adolescents Aged 18 to 19 Years Old in Terengganu
Get PDFThis study aims to explore association of anthropometric adiposity measures with blood pressure among Malays aged 18 to 19 years. Participants comprised 309 university students of Malay ethnicity residing in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. This cross-sectional research study was done in April 2021 to August 2023. A total of 40.7% of participants were overweight/obese, 42.1% normal weight, and 17.5% underweight based on World Health Organisation (WHO)-Asian Body Mass Index (BMI) classification. Among this population, 15.5% of the students was considered as Hypertension (HPT) and 21.4% had Elevated Blood Pressure (EBP). Proportions of male students with HPT (35.7%) and EBP (29.8%) were significantly higher compared to female students (18% and 18.2%, respectively). Linear regression analysis indicated that BMI was a significant factor that influenced Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), especially among female participants. Obese adolescents had 7.0 times higher odds of developing EBP/HPT compared to those in other BMI categories (aOR=6.97; 95% CI: 2.92, 16.6; p<0.05). The high prevalence of HPT and EBP raises concern, as the study also confirmed an association between obesity and blood pressure. In conclusion, anthropometric measures of adiposity were associated with increased odds of HPT. Thus, early identification of individuals with high-risk anthropometric adiposity is crucial to facilitate timely intervention and mitigate associated risks