Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan
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Metabolic Syndrome and Bone Density in Obese Adolescents
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyse the correlations of metabolic syndrome components (central obesity, triglyceride levels, and hypertension) and related factors including nutrient intake and bone physical activity with bone density in obese adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 47 obese adolescents (15-18 years) from three high schools in Semarang city, Central Java, selected by consecutive sampling. Bone density was measured by the Quantitative Ultrasound method. Metabolic syndrome and osteopenia were detected in 28% and 11% subjects, respectively. Positive correlations were found between triglyceride levels, calcium intake, vitamin D intake, current bone-physical activity (cBPA) and bone density (p<0.05). Conversely, central obesity, blood pressure, protein intake, animal protein, plant protein, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, past bone-physical activity (pBPA), and total bone-physical activity (tBPA) were not correlated with bone density. It was found that calcium intake, cBPA, and triglyceride levels were the two strongest factors related to bone density (adjusted R2=52.5%). This study showed that obese adolescents are at risk of having metabolic syndrome and higher triglyceride levels imply lower bone density
Effects of Torbangun Leaves(Coleus amboinicus Lour) Extract on Blood Glucose and Super Oxide Dismutase Activity in Hyperglycemic Rats
Get PDFThis research aimed to analyze the yield of torbangun extract, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of TE-S and its effect on the activity of SOD enzymes and blood glucose level in hyperglycemic rats as a DM animal model. The water content of simplicia was measured by the gravimetric method. The antioxidant activity of TE-S was determined using the DPPH method, while the total flavonoid was measured using spectrophotometry. The study was a completely randomized design using 25 Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were divided into four groups, namely NG (negative control, hyperglycemic rats), N (normal rats), H-IM (control of metformin drugs 62.5 mg/kg of BW), and H-IT (TE-S 620 mg/kg of BW). The treatment was carried out for 14 days. FBG levels were taken on day 0, 4, 7, 11, and 14, measured using a glucometer, while blood serum SOD levels were measured using ELISA. The study showed the water content of torbangun simplicia was 7.99% and TE-S yield from simplicia was 4.69%. TE-S contains total flavonoids of 3.91% and antioxidant activity (IC50) of 306.28 ppm with a standard of 1 ppm vitamin C. TE-S treatment significantly decreased FBG (p=0.005, α=0.01) and increased SOD levels in hyperglycemic rats. TE-S has the potential to increase blood serum SOD levels by contributing to the availability of antioxidants and decreasing blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats.
Development of fish bars as a high zinc and calcium snack made from bilih fish (Mystacoleuseus padangensis Blkr) flour
Get PDFThe study analysed differences in nutrition content of various bilih fish flour proportions in bilih fish bar with zinc and calcium as minerals of interest. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The proportion of bilih fish flour in the fish bars dough were of three levels, i.e. 30%, 40% and 50% of the total weight of flour. The data obtained were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan\u27s New Multiple Range test. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The best proportion based on its nutritional content was the 50% with the energy content of 327 kcal, protein content 22.75%, lipid content 11.99%, carbohydrate content 32.06%, moisture content 28.28%, ash content 4.44%, zinc content 4.58 mg, and calcium content 922.23 mg per 100 g. A serving size (±30 g) of treatment is able to suffice for 5.06-7.05% zinc and 0.87-16.77% calcium adequacy as well as the daily requirement of 2,150 kcal. Sensory evaluation showed that the treatments had no significant effects on the organoleptic attributes of the fish bars, except for taste (0.033). This bilih fish bar can be utilized as a source of zinc and calcium for high-risk groups such as children, adolescents, pregnant women, and people with diabetes
Predicting the Halal Food Consumption of Indonesian Moslem Students: an Application of Theory of Planned Behaviour
Get PDFThe study aimed to predict halal food consumption behavior among Moslem students in three different universities in Yogyakarta City. Determinants to explain the halal food consumption was developed based on theory of planned behavior. The research applied cross-sectional design with total respondents of 168 Moslems students from State University, Islamic University, and Catholic University in Yogyakarta. The score of attitude, knowledge, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and halal food consumption behavior were collected through a questionnaire. The data was analysed using Kruskall-Wallis and Multiple Linear Regression test. The study found that the score of knowledge in Islamic State and State University were higher than in Catholic University (7.43 vs 7.29 vs 7.09). The highest score of attitude was 51.52 in State University compared to Islamic State University and Catholic University (49.8 vs 47.61). The highest score of subjective norm was also in State University with the score of 3.59 while the score of halal food consumption behaviour was higher in State and Islamic State University compared to Catholic University (9.18 vs 9.18 vs 7.89). From those categories, the score of all variables except for the knowledge was statistically different between the three universities (p<0.05). It was concluded that the behavior of halal food consumption among Moslem students in Yogyakarta City may be predicted from the knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. These findings help to explain why the Moslem students in Yogyakarta eat halal food. Further research is needed to determine whether there are factors affecting halal food consumption behavior and how to improve it
The effect of red pomegranate provision on malondialdehyde and blood lactic acid level in rats with maximum physical activity
Get PDFThe primary objective of this research was to examine the effect of provision of red pomegranate juice on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood lactic acid in Wistar rats with maximum physical activity. The study employed a true experiment design. The pretest-posttest with control group design was done on 35 rats given maximum physical activity and treatment for 28 days. The rats were divided into 5 groups: the control group, group with treatment of multivitamin, group with treatment of red pomegranate 2 ml, 4 ml, and 6 ml. The MDA level was measured by TBARS method and lactic acid levels were analysed using ELISA. Comparison statistical analysis was done using paired t-test, while comparison of mean differences between treatment groups were tested using One-way ANOVA, and followed by LSD as the post hoc test. Provision of red pomegranate juice in a variety of doses significantly decreased the levels of MDA and blood lactic acid (p<0.05). The highest MDA level decrease occurred in the group treated with multivitamin (68.02%) and the highest decrease in the levels of blood lactic acid occurred in the group with 6 ml red pomegranate juice (25.94%). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that red pomegranate juice can lower the levels of MDA and blood lactic acid significantly in rats with maximum physical activity
Prediction of insulin resistance in late adolescent based on anthropometric index
Get PDFThe study aimed to evaluate the role of neck circumference for predicting insulin resistance in adolescent compared with waist circumference and waist hip ratio. A cross sectional study was conducted by measuring anthropometric parameters (neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference) and biochemical parameter (fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR) involving 80 late adolescents. Statistical analysis used in this study were Pearson and Spearman correlation, multivariate linear regression. Neck circumference positively correlated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in both gender, while neck circumference only positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose in men. In addition, multivariate linier regression showed that a higher regression coefficient of waist circumference associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance (fasting insulin (β=0.11; p<0.05), HOMA-IR (β=0.05; p<0.05)) compared to neck circumference and waist hip ratio. Neck circumference, waist circumference, and waist hip ratio is an anthropometry indicators that could be used to predict insulin resistance. However, waist circumference is better than neck circumference and waist hip ratio for predicting insulin resistance in adolescent
Preference for Sago and nutrient intake among communities consuming Sago in Kepulauan Meranti District, Riau Province, Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aimed to analyse the preference for sago products and nutritional intake of the community consuming sago in Kepulauan Meranti District, Riau Province. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 181 adults was purposively selected subjects in Tebing Tinggi Timur Sub-district, Kepulauan Meranti District, Riau Province. The data obtained were subject characteristics, anthropometry, preferences for sago products, and nutritional intake from semi-quatitative food frequency questionnaire and food recall. The most preferred sago products out of 10 types of processed sago products were sago noodles (89.9%), sago lempeng (86.9%), and lemak sago (85.4%). Sago consumption frequencies among the subjects were mostly ‘often’ (39.2%) and ‘quite often’ (30.6%). The average amount of sago consumption was 173.7±88.3 g/day. The subject\u27s average daily energy intake was 1864±468 kcal and the average protein intake was 48.4±21.7 g. The energy adequacy levels of subjects who consumed sago <140 g/day and ≥140 g/day were categorized as ‘normal’ (25.9% and 34.0% respectively). Meanwhile, the average level of protein adequacy were categorized as deficit (38.3% and 43.0% respectively). The carbohydrate adequacy levels were categorized as ‘excessive’ (80.2% and 71.0% respectively). The fat adequacy levels were categorized as ‘excessive’ (90.1% and 92.0% respectively). Sago noodles and lemak sago are two potential sago products to be developed as alternative carbohydrate sources due to their high frequency and preferability
Food Insecurity, Quality of Life, and Diet Optimization of Low Income University Students in Selangor, Malaysia
Get PDFThis study aim to determine the relationship between food security with quality of life and nutritional status among low income students in a public university in Selangor, Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 108 low income students who were chosen by convenient sampling method. Students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to obtain information on their sociodemographic characteristics, food security status, quality of life, anthropometric data, and dietary intake. Results showed that 69.4% of students were food insecure with 50% reported low food security and 19.4% with very low food security. For quality of life, students scored highest in social relationship domain (68.60±14.53) while lowest in physical health domain (53.87±10.42). There was no significant association between food security and quality of life, ethnic, age, family income, financial assistance, CGPA, and food expenditure (p>0.05). Majority of students (59.2%) had normal Body Mass Index (BMI), followed by 20.4% were overweight, 10.2% were obese, and 10.2% were underweight. Therewas no significant correlation between nutritional status with food security status (p>0.05). To estimate the minimum daily food expenditure to fulfil all nutrient requirements, an optimum diet model was created by using linear programming model. Result showed that the minimum price of one day menu for male and female student was USD 4.90 and USD 5.20 each. The cost was higher than their average food expenditure (USD 2.90), indicating that students in the university have to spend more money on food sold at the university cafeteria to fulfill their nutrient recommendation. Hence, relevant authorities should take appropriate initiatives so that the food insecurity problem among low income university students can be managed to improve their quality of life and nutritional status
Effects of Kersen leaves extract (Muntingia calabura L.) on SGOT and SGPT levels of soft drink induced mice
Get PDFThis study aimed to analyse the antioxidant activity, total phenols, and flavonoids of kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) extract (KLE) and determine the hepatoprotective activity of KLE in soft drink induced mice. Soft drinks induction causes liver injuries which increases the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels. Mice were divided into five treatment groups (n=5) and were given Tween 80 (1%) (normal control), Tween 80 (1%) and 7 ml soft drinks (negative control), KLE (1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg), and 7 ml soft drinks per oral once daily for 4 weeks. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed by Folin-ciocalteu colorimetric and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) method. The blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The result showed that the KLE antioxidant activity were 11.11+0.50 ppm. Total phenols and flavonoids detected in the KLE samples were 2.19+0.12 mgGAE/g and 2.43+0.24 mgQE/g respectively. Mice treated with KLE had a significantly lower (p<0.05) serum SGOT and SGPT levels than negative control group. In conclusion, KLE has a potential hepatoprotective activity that works in synergy with its antioxidant activity
Application of Path Analysis on Incidence of Anemia in Female Adolescents
Get PDF The aim of the study was to analyse the direct and indirect effects of knowledge, attitudes, and eating behavior on anthropometry status and anemia incidence in female adolescents. This observational study employed case-control design and involved a total with total of female adolescents 117, classified into case groups (n=39) and control groups (n=78). The data were collected using questionnaires on knowledge and attitude about nutrition of anemia and eating behaviors, 2x24 hour food recall, Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometry, and also Hb level measurement by Cyanmethemoglobin method. The data were analysed using path analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship (p<0.05) and direct effects between eating behavior on anthropometry status and incidence of anemia, which accounted for 66% and 22% respectively. There was no relationship (p>0.05) and indirect effects between attitude and incidence of anemia with value 4.1%. Eating behavior had a strong effect on anemia incidence through anthopometry in female adolescents