Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan
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Prevalence of Masked Obesity Associated with Lifestyle-Related Habits, Dietary Habits, and Energy Metabolism in Japanese Young Women
Get PDFWe investigated the prevalence of Masked Obesity (MO) and the correlations between MO and lifestylerelated habits (e.g., exercise habits, dieting habits), dietary habits, energy metabolism, and seasons. The subjects were 131 young Japanese college students. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance method and Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) was measured by an indirect calorimeter. Subjects with a BMI in the normal range (n=110) were divided into the MO (percentage of body fat to Body Weight [BF]≥30%) and control (C) (BF<30%) groups. Dietary energy and nutrient intakes were calculated from weighed dietary records. A questionnaire on lifestyle habits was obtained individually from the subjects. The percentage of MO was 32% of subjects within normal BMI. The prevalence of MO was the highest in winter, probably due to accumulation of body fat as an adaptation to cold. The MO group had low Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and high BF. RMR of the MO group was significantly lower than that of the C group. The MO group tended to have poor exercise habits, more dieting (restricting calorie intake) experiences and consumed a diet with less vegetables and beans. We concluded that the prevalence of MO was 32%; it was the highest in winter for subjects who had high fat and low FFM. This fact may be due to poor exercise, more dieting experiences and insufficient intake of vegetables and beans. Furthermore, this accumulation of body fat may be partly due to low RMR
A Research Protocol of Hands-On Healthy Meal Preparation Intervention (Kidchen Study) to Improve Children’s Nutritional Outcomes
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to describe the protocol of a 12-week hands-on healthy meal preparation intervention among children, up to a 3-month follow-up. The aim of KidChen Study (kids in kitchen) is to improve children’s nutritional outcomes. In this randomized-controlled trial, simple random sampling will be used to select schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Subsequently, the selected schools (n=2) will be assigned randomly to either the intervention or control group. The current study will include healthy Malaysian children aged 10–11 years old with no serious disease or food allergy. The intervention is based on Social Cognitive Theory that addresses personal and environmental factors for changing children’s behaviour. Children from the intervention group will receive a 60-minute home food environment module with their parents consisting of nutrition talk, healthy food tasting, parent-child quiz; and five 60 minute interactive hands-on healthy meal preparation modules focusing on core food groups coupled withstorytelling sessions to incorporate nutrition education. Outcome measures are children’s psychosocial factors towards healthy meal preparation (knowledge, attitude, practice, self-efficacy), dietary behaviour, food consumption pattern, home food availability and anthropometric measures (BMI-for-age z-score, body fat percentage, waist circumference). Repeated measures ANOVA will be used to evaluate the intervention outcomes. KidChen Study is an experiential learning approach to instil a positive attitude towards nutrition and empower children with nutrition skills. We anticipate that the intervention will advocate healthy eating behaviour among children, impacting their nutritional outcomes over time
Nutritional Status, Health Status, and Work Productivity of Cocoa Farmers in Polewali Mandar, Indonesia
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to analyze the associations between nutritional status, health status, other determining factors with work productivity of cocoa farmers. This cross-sectional study involved 58 male cocoa farmers aged 18–65 years old in two districts of Polewali Mandar. Data on food consumption and habit as well as health status were collected via structured interviews. While, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured using standard equipment of blood pressure meter, weight scale, and height scale. Spearman’s test and Principal Components Regression (PCR) analysis were implemented to explore factors associated with farmers’ work productivity. There was no relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and work productivity. However, there was a significant positive association between central obesity with days of absent (r=0.275; p=0.037). We also found negativeassociation between blood pressure and the amount of cocoa picked daily (r=-0.366; p=0.005). PCR statistical analysis results showed that the amount of cocoa picked per day were significantly associated with smaller waist circumference, coffee consumption, and good exercise habit. While, decrease in consumption of fruits and vegetables was significantly associated with the number of absence days due to health problems. Thus, it can be concluded that work productivity of male cocoa farmers was associated with food consumption, physical activity, and lifestyle factors
In-Vitro Alpha Amylase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities of Leaves Extract of Sundanese Traditional Salad (Lalapan) from Indonesia
Get PDFThis research aims to evaluate the α-amylase inhibitory activity and antioxidant potential of leaves extract of Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff.), Basil (Ocimum africanum Lour.), Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd.), and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as common vegetables used in Sundanese traditional salad. Extraction methods used were traditional and maceration methods. Phytochemical screening was used to determine the phytochemical component qualitatively. Quantitative estimation of phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method), flavonoids (AlCl3 colorimetric assay), total antioxidant activity along with free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was also carried out. Soluble starch was used as substrate for analysis of α-amylase inhibitory activity, which is calculated by IC50 value. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and polyphenols compound in both extraction methods. The results showed that the value of Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and α-amylase inhibitory in both extraction were significantly different for each leaves extracts (p<0.05). The gandaria leaves extracted with maceration method had the highest value among the leaves analysed. The value of TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity were 364.56±65.97 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g extract, 70.2±10.54 mg Quercetin (QE)/g extract, and 35 µg/ml of IC50, respectively. The extract of gandaria maceration leaves exhibited significant α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 60 µg/ml. Various pharmacologically active compounds were found in the local vegetables, thus they can be rich sources of antioxidants and α-amylase inhibitor activity. Hence, could be developed as vegetables based functional food products
Use of Instagram® to Educate Adolescents on Nutrition Labelling: A Feasibility Study in Selangor, Malaysia
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to assess the demand and acceptance of an Instagram-based nutrition labelling education (Info-Nutriteen®) among adolescents. In this quasi-experimental study, a series of educational messages was developed and was uploaded on Instagram for 12 weeks. Participants were recruited and randomized into the intervention group or control group. Feasibility was assessed through participants\u27 demand and acceptance of the program. Changes in nutrition knowledge and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) on nutrition labels were measured at pre- and post-intervention. A total of 125 participants completed the program. Overall, 92.7% of the participants reported positive acceptance towards Info-Nutriteen®. In terms of demand, they suggested using current and trending songs for the videos and bright colours for the info-graphics. The study showed good demand and acceptance of the Instagram based education for adolescents. The Info-Nutriteen® program also effective to improve their attitude and practice on nutrition labels. Thus, this approach is feasible. Nevertheless, Info-Nutriteen®should be improved further to enhance its impact on nutrition labels knowledge and usage among adolescents
Soy Flour-Based Snack Bar as Potential Snack Alternative for Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the Glycaemic Index (GI), Glycaemic Response (GR) and Glycaemic Load (GL) of soy flour-based snack bars in healthy volunteers. An open label randomized controlled trial with crossover study design was done involving eighty adults aged 18‒50 years. The glycaemic index was calculated using Incremental Area Under the Blood Glucose Response Curve (iAUC). Friedman’s test was used to determine difference of glucose iAUC between WF and SF. Wilcoxon test was used to determine difference of blood glucose peak, time to blood glucose peak, GI and GR between snack bars. The result observed that median (Q1‒Q3) of GI were 88.4 (42.3‒115.8); WF: 36.6 (21.8‒47.9) (Product SF3, Banana); 36.3 (18.9‒49.2) (Product SF6, Crispy White Chocolate Macadamia); 29.9 (22.0‒43.3) (Product SF5, Crispy Vanilla); 25.9 (17.8‒35.4) (Product SF4; Strawberry); 20.2 (15.3‒22.2) (Product SF1, Almond Chocolate); and 7.1 (5.4‒17.0) (Product SF2, Raisin Almond). We found that GL of WF was (17.7). While, the GL of snack bars made from SF were 4.9 (Product SF3, Banana), 4.1 (Product SF4, Strawberry), 1.9 (Product SF1, Almond Chocolate); 1.8 (Product SF6, Crispy White Chocolate Macadamia), 1.6 (Product SF5, Crispy Vanilla), and 0.9 (Product SF2, Raisin Almond). Friedman statistical test showed significant differences on the blood glucose iAUC between SF and WF (p<0.001). SF snack bar showed different GR results, where the area of each products (SF1‒SF6) curve was significantly lower than WF. Based on Wilcoxon test, the GI and GR of SF were significantly lower than WF (p<0.05). In conclusion, SF snack bars can be classified as a low GI-source snack bar with a low category of glycaemic load; and had relatively high fibre, protein, and fat content which contributed to a lower GI value. Thus, it is a potential snacks alternative for people with blood glucose concerns
Alternative Snack for Diabetic Patients from Sago (Metroxylon sp.) Starch and Tempe
Get PDFThis study aimed to develop food products made from sago starch (Metroxylon sp.) and tempe as alternative snacks for diabetics. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatment ratios of sago starch to tempe, F1 (2:1) and F2 (1:1), and two replications for three products, namely puddings, muffins, and cookies. The organoleptic attributes of the products were evaluated by fourty semi-trained panelists. The results of the hedonic test showed that F2 was the formula selected for the puddings and muffins and that F1 was the formula selected for the cookies. The puddings had hardness of 83.47 gf, 92.28% water, 0.28% ash, 1.04% protein, 0.64% fat, 5.76% carbohydrate, 3.95% dietary fiber, and 0.81% resistant starch. The muffins had hardness of 3,861,87 gf, 56.18% water, 0.79% ash, 6.49% protein, 10.26% fat, 26.28% carbohydrate, 7.13% dietary fiber, and 3.59% resistant starch. The cookies had hardness of 1,655,02 gf, 5.05% water, 0.90% ash, 4.90% protein, 19.66% fat, 69.49% carbohydrate, 9.57% dietary fiber, and 6.00% resistant starch. These products contained different levels of dietary fiber and resistant starch. Puddings are categorized as a high-fiber food with a negligible level of resistant starch, the muffin as a high-fiber food with an intermediate level of resistant starch, and the cookie as a high-fiber food with a high level of resistant starch. In conclusion, these products had relatively high fiber content and need a further study to confirm the health benefits for glucose control in diabetics
Fecal Lipid Content, Serum Lipid Profile, and Intra-Abdominal Fat Accumulation in Normal Rats Supplemented with Rice Bran Oil
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the mechanism of rice bran oil on altering lipid absorption and blood lipid level in normal rat. Male Sprague Dawley rat age 3 months old, weighted 250–300 g were grouped into three groups: control (aquabidest 1 ml), orlistat (2.16 mg / 200 g body weight), and rice bran oil (1.04 mg γ-oryzanol / 200 g body weight). The intervention was given through oral gavage, daily for 28 days. Indicators observed were growth performance, total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels, lipid levels in feces, and accumulation of intra-abdominal fat. The results showed that the treatment did not significantly affect body weight gain. Fecal lipid levels of orlistat, rice bran oil and control group respectively were 0.19g; 0.17g and 0.13 g (p<0.05), while the percentage of indigestible lipids for orlistat, control and rice bran oil group were 26%, 17% and 13% respectively (p<0.05). Total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in rice bran oil group were significantly lower than controls. Rice bran oil did not significantly affect the percentage of total intra-abdominal fat and the weight of the heart and kidney (p>0.05). The intervention of rice bran oil was shown to reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in normal mice and did not accumulate intra-abdominal fat. The results suggest that rice bran oil might have an effect on blood lipid regulation but not by preventing lipid absorption
Assessing the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Apparently Healthy Urban Obese Adults Residing in South Delhi, India
Get PDFThe present research study was conducted to assess the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in apparently healthy urban obese adults residing in South Delhi. Dyslipidemia and obesity are two prominent contributing risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 apparently healthy obese adults with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2. Data regarding the socio-demographic characteristics as well as anthropometric parameters were collected. To evaluate serum lipid levels fasting blood samples were collected by trained technicians and analysis was carried out in a certified laboratory. Dyslipidemia was defined as the presence of hypercholesterolemia, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and /or lower concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), present alone or in combination. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was noted to be 78%. The prevalence was observed to be much higher in the obese female subjects (81.43%) than the obese males (75%). Mean triglycerides levels were significantly higher in the obese men than females while, HDL–C levels were higher in the female subjects (p<0.05). Further, it was seen that low concentration of HDL was the most prevailing deranged lipid parameter (52.67%) followed by elevated triglycerides levels (49.33%) and elevated LDL levels (39.33%) in these obese adults. The study thus highlights the importance of regular and timely screening for apparently healthy populations. Advocating suitable and timely medical and dietary interventions can help in both monitoring and avoiding further health-related complications
Total phenolic content, quercetin, and antioxidant activity of gandaria (Bouea Macrophylla Griff.) leaf extract at two stages of maturity
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of leaf maturity stage and extraction solvents on Total Phenolic Content (TPC), quercetin, and antioxidant activity of gandaria leaves as well as the relationship of TPC and quercetin content to antioxidant activity. In this study, leaves were extracted using maceration method with three different solvents (96% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane) followed by evaporation using rotary evaporator to obtain Crude Extracts (CE). Tender and mature gandaria leaves from Indonesian Institute of Science were examined for TPC and quercetin content. Measurement of antioxidant activity were performed by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. The antioxidant compound analysis indicated that hexane extract of mature gandaria leaves contained the highest TPC and quercetin content (30.84±0.54 mg GAE/g and 4.36±0.23 mg QE/g, respectively). Meanwhile, the ethanol extract of mature gandaria leaves demonstrated the highest reducing power (5.62±0.38 mg FeSO4 equivalent/g). These findings showed positive correlation between TPC and reducing power as well as quercetin and reducing power from gandaria leaf extracts depending on their maturity stage and extraction solvents. In addition, mature gandaria leaves had better extraction yield, making it potential for development of functional food