Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan
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Household Food Insecurity is Associated with Undernutrition among Primary School Children in Aden Governorate, Yemen
Get PDFFood insecurity is typically linked with undernutrition. However, there is little published data available on the association between household food insecurity and undernutrition status of the primary school children aged 6–12 years in Aden, Yemen. The purpose of this research was to analyse the association between household food insecurity and the undernutrition status of the children. A cross-sectional study was carried out among primary school children from grades I to VI in the government schools (n=525). A simple questionnaire, face-to-face interview with parents, and Radimer/Cornell hunger and food insecurity tool were utilized for the data collection. Anthropometric measurements (weight & height) of the children were also recorded. Upon analysis, 70% of the surveyed children came from a food secure household, whilst 30% experienced some type of food insecurity. Education level of the father (p<0.03), employment of the mother (p<0.00), overall household income (p<0.01), income per capita (p<0.01) and number of working persons per household (p<0.00) were all significant variables associated with food insecurity among these households. Results also showed that the frequency of underweight, stunting and wasting among the children was 19%, 17% and 10%, respectively. Significant associations were found between household food insecurity and the state of being underweight, stunting and wasting. Importantly, the association between household food insecurity and undernutrition status continued even after adjustment for significant variables. In conclusion, household food insecurity was significantly associated with undernutrition status of the primary school children in Aden’s Governorate, Yemen
Factors Associated with Stunting among 24–35-Month-Old Kalinga Indigenous Children in Pinukpuk, Kalinga, Philippines: A Case-Control Study
Get PDFThe study identified the risk factors associated with stunting among 24.35 months indigenous children in Pinukpuk, Kalinga using case control design; 174 children (87 cases and 87 controls) were randomly selected and information were collected through interview and anthropometric measurements. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to measure association. Low birth weight, child drinking brewed or commercial coffee, no nutrient supplement intake since birth, and incomplete immunization were child risk factors of stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding from 0.6 months and weaning at >12 months have protective effect. Antenatal visits <4 times, fatherfs height <5 feet, parentfs education below secondary level were parental risk factors. Nuclear household and size of less than five members have protective effect against stunting. Having food restrictions among lactating mothers was cultural risk factors. Mothersf insufficient knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding, frequency of and proper way of breastfeeding, continuance of breastfeeding beyond 6 months, benefit of exclusive breastfeeding for six months to mothers and low self-confidence in preparing complementary food were all associated with stunting. Motherfs positive attitude on benefits of frequent feeding was found to have protective effect against stunting. Thus, these family factors could be used when designing an action plan to address the problem of stunting among the indigenous Kalinga children
Facilitators and Barriers to Breastfeeding Practices of Mothers in a Selected Urban Community in Malaysia
Get PDFThis study was designed to explore the facilitators and barriers of breastfeeding practices among mothers in a selected urban population in Malaysia. This study reports the qualitative findings from a larger study that was conducted in two health clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. Ten mothers were recruited and an in-depth interview using grounded theory approach was used to obtain information. Interviews were transcribed and was manually arranged into codes and themes using thematic analysis. Facilitators to breastfeeding in this population were maternal factors (knowledge of breastfeeding, intention to breastfeed, perceived benefits of breastfeeding), social support and health care provider. Barriers to breastfeeding were insufficiency of breastmilk, employment and stigma of public breastfeeding. The findings of this study suggest that intervention to improve breastfeeding uptake should aim on increasing knowledge of mothers on coping with issues related to breastfeeding difficulties such as how to increase or sustain milk production and increasing awareness of employers and public on supporting breastfeeding mothers
Knowledge on Nutrition Labels for Processed Food: Effect on Purchase Decision among Indonesian Consumers
Get PDFThis study was conducted to observe the relationship between consumers’ knowledge on nutrition labels and the purchasing behavior for processed food products among Indonesian consumers. A crosssectional study was conducted in August‒September 2018 in five different cities of three provinces (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi). Data were obtained from 400 adult consumers by self-administered questionnaires. The results showed that almost 70% of consumers in Indonesia check food labels; however, from that number only 37.5% paid attention to the nutrition label of a food product prior to making a purchase decision; this was most probably due to their knowledge on nutrition labels that was still poor, as shown by the mean score of 7.7 out of 14 questions (55%). In terms of food groups, milk and dairy products were deemed important by the consumers and the nutrition labels were often checked. When it comes to making a purchase decision, almost all of the consumers (96.0%) had decided to buy food products with nutrition labels as compared to those without. Furthermore, when compared to similar products also bearing nutrition labels, consumers deemed the claims of low fat (28.7%) and low sugar (22.6%) as a sign that the products are healthier and have a better nutrition profile. Knowledge on nutrition labels (OR=1.139; 95% CI:1.016‒1.276; p=0.025) and purchase decision on products with nutrition labels (OR=3.426; 95% CI:1.220‒9.623; p=0.019) were significantly associated with purchase decision for healthier processed food. This study has shown the importance of increasing consumers’ knowledge on nutrition labels in order to achieve a larger impact on food selection, nutrition, and health
Glycemic Index Values of Rice Varieties that are Commonly Available in Markets in Bangladesh
Get PDFGlycemic Index (GI) of six common rice varieties in the local markets of Bangladesh was assessed and categorized in this study to investigate manipulative varietal performance for the time being. After overnight fasting, each of ten selected healthy non-diabetic volunteers (males and females in ratio of 1:1) was fed with reference food (50 g glucose) and test foods (50 g carbohydrate-containing different rice varieties) in every two days intervals. After feeding, glucose levels (mmol/l) were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Incremental Area Under Curve (IAUC) of reference food and test food (avoiding the area beneath the baseline of reference food) was calculated to measure GI values. Amylose content (%) of different test foods was measured from the standard curve obtained from the spectrophotometric analysis after alcoholic-alkaline gelatinization that was followed by acidification and iodine mixing. The result showed that the GI values were 59.7±3.4; 50.5±2.6; 57.8±2.8; 51.3±2.3; 56.9±3.9 and 44.6±2.1, while the amylose content (%) were 23.6±0.6; 26.7±0.9; 21.3±0.7; 28.3±1.1; 22.2±2.3 and 29.8±1.5 for Nizershail, BRRI Dhan 29, Chinigura, Kalijira, Hybrid Hera Dhan 12 and Sworna, respectively. Moreover, the existing inverse relationship between the GI values and amylose content in this study was similar to other researchers’ findings. Categorization of the test foods based on the observed GI values ranked Sworna, BRRI Dhan 29 and Kalijira as low GI rice varieties that could be beneficial for consumption by diabetics as well as healthy individuals
The Effect of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Extract on Malondialdehyde Level in Rat Liver
Get PDFKonsumsi alkohol (etanol) yang berlebih dan dalam jangka waktu lama dapat merusak jaringan hepar. Kerusakan hepar ditandai berupa senyawa malondialdehid (MDA) yang merupakan salah satu produk hasil peroksidasi lipid. Antioksidan yang digunakan sebagai penetralisir produk peroksidasi lipid dapat menggunakan tanaman herbal seperti bunga rosella yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak bunga rosella terhadap kadar MDA hepar tikus yang diinduksi etanol 20%. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar dikelompokkan menjadi enam kelompok terdiri dari: (1) pakan standar dan aquades, (2) pakan standar dan etanol 20% secara peroral, (3) vitamin C, (4) ekstrak bunga rosella dosis 250 mg/kggBB, (5) ekstrak bunga rosella dosis 500 mg/kgBB, dan (6) ekstrak bunga rosella dosis 750 mg/kgBB. Penelitian dilakukan selama 30 hari kemudian dilakukan pembedahan, pengambilan hepar, dan pemeriksaan homogenat MDA hepar. Analisis data menggunakan uji One Way Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc LSD. Pada kelompok K4 terdapat penurunan kadar MDA yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak bunga rosella yang mampu menurunkan kadar MDA adalah dosis 250 mg/kgBB/hari pada tikus yang diinduksi alkohol 20%.This study aimed to determine the efficacy of roselle flower extract in reducing the Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in rats after induction of 20% ethanol. This experimental study used a post-test design on 24 male white rats, Wistar strain which were grouped into six type of treatment. The K1 group was given daily aquadest only, K2 was given 20% ethanol. K3 was given 20% ethanol and vitamin C, K4 was given 20% ethanol and 250 mg/kgBW/day roselle flower extracts, K5 was given 20% ethanol and 500 mg/kgBW/day roselle flower extract, K6 was given 20% ethanol and 750 mg/kgBW/day roselle flower extract. Each group received treatment for 30 days. At the time of termination, the rat’s liver was collected and the liver’s MDA level was examined. One Way Anova test and the Post Hoc Tukey test were used for data analysis. There was a decrease in MDA levels (3.1578±0.37 ng/ml) in K4 compared to K2 as well as to K5 and K6 with higher extract concentrations. Thus, despite its benefit as antioxidant, excess of flavonoid compounds undergoing oxidation will produce a metabolite compound that can damage the endogenous antioxidant. Hence, 250 mg/kgBW/day roselle flower extract given daily can reduce MDA levels in mice induced with 20% alcohol
Maternal and Cord Blood Saturated Fatty Acid Level and Infant Adiposity
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess SFAs profiles in the maternal and cord blood, and the relationship of both SFAs levels with infant adiposity. As many as 99 mothers with singleton pregnancy and pre-pregnancy BMI .18.5 agreed to join the research and completed the data collection process. Maternal and cord blood erythrocyte SFAs profile was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionized Detector. Infant birth weight was measured at birth, while infant skinfolds were at 5.7 days postpartum. We used Aris et al. (2013) equation to assess the infant fat mass. The average maternal age was 29.62}5.84 years old, while the pre-pregnancy BMI was 22.87}3.90 kg/m2. Infant birth weight was 3168.83}341.64 g, and fat mass was 9.39}3.52 %. Maternal total SFAs and palmitic acid (C16:0) concentration were higher than cord blood, while lignoceric acid (C24:0) was lower (p<0.05). Increased maternal caproic (C6:0), capric (C10:0), and lauric acids (C12:0) were associated with higher infant adiposity (p<0.05). Total SFAs, palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and behenic acids (C22:0) in cord blood were negatively associated with infant adiposity (p<0.05). Elevated lauric (C12:0) and myristic (C14:0) acids in cord blood were associated with greater adiposity. In conclusion, we found a different SFAs profile between maternal blood during the third trimester of pregnancy and cord blood. Increased maternal caproic, capric, and lauric acids as well as cord bloodfs lauric and palmitic acids contribute to greater infant adiposity
Nutrition Fact Panel Use and its Association to Diet Quality among University Students in Universitas Indonesia
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to assess the association between Nutrition Fact Panel (NFP) use and diet quality among university students. A comparative cross sectional study was conducted in 2019 among 172 college students living in dormitory of Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. Data about socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, food preparation, NFP use and nutritional knowledge were collected through interview using structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was obtained by direct height and weight measurement. Diet quality was measured using Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) score, derived from 3x24 hours recall. Finding of this study showed that the characteristics of NFP users and non-users were not differed significantly except for nutritional knowledge in which NFP users were 1.852 times more likely to have good knowledge than NFP non-users (p<0.05; 95% CI:1.009−3.396). The median total diet quality score was categorized as low (44 out of 100). There was no association between NFP use and total diet quality score even after controlling for possible confounder. However, the exploration in each component of diet quality measurement showed adequacy score of calcium was significantly higher in NFP users than non-users (p<0.05). NFP use also positively associated to total variety score (β=0.985; p<0.05). Future nutrition interventions could focus on enhancing the use and understanding of NFP among university student
Evaluation of Food and Nutrition Security Level at Provincial Level Based on Outcome Indicators in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aims at evaluating the situation of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) at provincial level using six outcome indicators. The cross-sectional study, utilized secondary data from 33 provinces published in 2013. It used a modification of the Global Hunger Index (GHI) method and changed the number of outcome indicators. In addition, an equalization was performed, so that the results obtained were positive. The results showed that all provinces in Indonesia have moderate or less secure food and nutrition level. Hence, the performance of the Indonesian government in food and nutrition security need to be improved. Bali Province had the highest rank in food and nutrition security, while East Nusa Tenggara and Papua Province had the lowest ranks of the 33 provinces during 2013. The low performance achievement of food and nutrition security based on the six outcome indicators signified by the high prevalence of the undernourished population and the high prevalence of stunting and wasting of children under five in all provinces in Indonesia
Development of Functional Beverage with Antioxidant Properties using Germinated Red Rice and Tempeh Powder Mixture
Get PDFThe objectives of this study were to develop a functional beverage containing Germinated Red Rice (GRR) and tempeh powders and analyze the total soluble phenolic content, phenolics profile, in vitro antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation. A mixture of GRR and tempeh powder at 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 w/w ratios were mixed with water at 6% w/v concentration. The total soluble phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the samples increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increasing level of GRR powder and the decreasing level of tempeh powder, whereas 2:1 w/w ratio of GRR and tempeh powder showed the highest total soluble phenolic content (79.79±12.10 ìg/ml GAE) and in vitro antioxidant activity (68.84±1.56%). However, a control beverage containing only GRR powder and only tempeh powder had the highest and lowest total soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activity, respectively. Ferulic acid was detected in all samples containing GRR, while daidzein was not detected and genistein was only detected in 1:2 and 1:1 sample ratios. All formulated samples in lemongrass sugar solution were accepted by the panelists (score 5 out of 7). In conclusion, GRR was responsible to increase the total soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the beverage. A loss of isoflavone in the tempeh-containing beverage samples suggested that optimizing the dose and processing method were important to achieve the optimum health benefits of the ingredients