Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan
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Relationship between Age, Gender, Education Level, Employment Status and Comorbidity with Nutritional Status in Hemodialysis Patients
Full text linkThis research aimed to determine the relationship between age, gender, education level, employment status, and comorbidities with nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. It employed a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of end-stage renal disease outpatients undergoing hemodialysis, totaling 84 respondents aged 19‒59 years. The sampling method utilized was simple random sampling. This research was conducted from October to November 2024. Nutritional status was measured using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) questionnaire. Statistical tests employed included chi-square and logistic regression analyses. The statistical results indicated a significant relationship between employment status and nutritional status, comorbidity and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients (p<0.05). No significant relationships were found between age, gender, and education level with nutritional status among hemodialysis patients (p>0.05). The factors associated with nutritional status among hemodialysis patients are comorbidity (OR=6.618; 95% CI:2.124–20.619, p<0.05) and employment status (OR=5.887; 95% CI:1.585–21.870, p<0.05). Malnutrition is closely related to the presence of comorbidities in hemodialysis patients; therefore, it is crucial to treat and manage comorbidities to prevent the progression of malnutrition in this population. Health workers in the hemodialysis department should pay more attention to the nutritional status of patients who are unemployed
Caffeine Ingestion among Athletes Based on Safe Dose Daily Allowance in Malaysia
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate the category of caffeinated beverages ingested and caffeine ingestion level among athletes based on safe dose daily allowance. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 athletes using validated Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (CCQ) to estimate the caffeine intake among athletes. The findings revealed a high prevalence (69.1%) of caffeine consumption exceeding the recommended daily allowance was observed among the athletes. Among the various Caffeinated Beverage (CB) categories, Coffee Drink (CD) showed the highest median and interquartile range of caffeine intake 243.0 mg (0–919.5 mg). There was a significant correlation (p<0.05) between types of CB Energy Drink (ED) with pre-event (r=0.280), during-event (r=0.447), post-event (r=0.291). Energy Gel (EG) with pre-event (r=0.139), during-event (r=0.498), post-event (r=0.170). Soft Drink (SD) with pre-event (r=0.328), during-event (r=0.228), post-event (r=0.304). CD with pre-event (r=0.534), during-event (r=0.132), post-event (r=0.240). Tea Drink (TD) with pre-event (r=0.148), post-event (r=0.190). Cocoa Drink (CocD) with pre-event (r=0.158), post-event (r=0.137). A significant association (p<0.05) was observed between the range dose allowance of caffeine intake and the timing of ingestion during sports events. The daily caffeine consumption among athletes in Malaysia exceeds the recommended safe dose. Therefore, it is essential to monitor, track and regulate the intake of caffeine-containing beverages by implementing clear guidelines and promoting awareness of caffeine-related facts. This approach aims to prevent potential adverse health effects while ensuring athletes can still harness its performance-enhancing benefits
Optimization of Enteral Feeding for Acute Decompensated Congestive Cardiac Failure with Fluid Restriction
No full textThe aim of this case report is to explore dietitian’s clinical decision-making in providing nutritional care. Ms. C, an 84-year-old Chinese woman with underlying atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was admitted into ward due to worsening progression of heart failure complicated with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB), Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and hypervolemic hyponatremia. Ms. C’s BMI was normal for elderly (27 kg/m2) with estimated weight and height of 70 kg and 160 cm respectively. Patient was hyperglycemic, hypertensive, and breathing under ventilatory support. Prior to admission, she complained of lethargy, difficulty of breathing and stomach pain. Patient was on fluid restriction of 500 ml/day in view of body fluid retention. Patient was on enteral feeding 3 hourly 6 times per day tolerating 100 ml of diabetic formula providing energy of 456 kcal/day and protein of 20 g/day. Inadequate enteral infusion related to physiological changes (fluid retention) requiring restricted fluid intake as evidenced by estimated energy intake of 456 kcal/day and protein intake of 20 g/day less than energy requirement of 1,400 kcal/day and protein requirement of 84 g/day. The goal was to provide adequate energy and protein concomitantly adhering to the fluid restriction and achieving good glycemic control. Modular protein was added to the diabetic formula. Ms. C was able to tolerate 100ml enteral feeding throughout hospital stay. Managing patient with multiple organ complications prove to be challenging. High-density formula is often used for fluid restriction patient however inappropriate for diabetic patient. Product unavailability in the hospital also limiting patient care. Clinical reasoning and clinical judgment were necessary to ensure prioritization of patient care
Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Human FTO Gene and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textThe aim of the study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether the Fat Mass and Obesity-associated (FTO) polymorphisms influenced obesity and which Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) raised the risk of obesity. We used PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Web of Science to identify studies investigating the association between genetic polymorphisms in the FTO gene and obesity. We discovered 16 studies that included 4,381 obese people and 5,652 healthy control people. Five genetic polymorphisms showed significant association with increased obesity risk in the allelic model: rs9939609 (OR=1.38, 95% CI:1.27−1.50: I²=0%, p<0.001), rs8050136 (OR=1.23, 95% CI:1.03−1.46: I²=54%, p=0.02), rs3751812 (OR=1.31, 95% CI:1.18−1.45: I²=4%, p<0.001), rs1421085 (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.14−1.46: I²=4%, p<0.001) and rs1121980 (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.10−1.93: I²=66%, p=0.009). For the allelic model, no significant correlation was identified in the rs15588902 SNP FTO gene (OR=1.24, 95% CI:0.96−1.62: I²=62%, p=0.11). Therefore, this meta-analysis found six FTO SNPs linked to human FTO polymorphisms and the risk of obesity. Further research on the FTO gene and obesity should consider gene-gene and gene-environment interactions
Factors Associated with Adherence to Renal Diet among Dialysis Patients in Private Dialysis Center: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textThis study is aimed to assess the adherence status of renal diet, determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, dietary knowledge, nutrition literacy, and perception of recommended diet and fluid, while also identifying significant factors that play a role in influencing adherence to the renal diet within this specific healthcare setting. This cross-sectional study with purposive sampling recruited 71 of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients attending private dialysis centers in Selangor. Information on sociodemographic data, the End Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ), the Dialysis-Related Dietary Knowledge Questionnaire (DDKQ), and the Dialysis Specific Nutrition Literacy Scale (DSNLS) were collected. The findings revealed that renal diet adherence of the respondent was 50.7%. The number of comorbidities, perception of recommended diet, and difficulty in watching diet recommendations were associated with adherence to renal diet among the participants. Further analysis using multivariate logistic regression revealed that the number of comorbidities (AOR=9.22, 95% CI:2.10˗40.47) and the difficulty in watching diet recommendations (AOR=0.04, 95% CI:0.003˗0.13) were significant determinants of dietary adherence. Dialysis patients with a higher number of comorbidities have a stronger likelihood of dietary adherence, meanwhile those with difficulty in watching diet recommendations have a higher tendency to non-adherence to renal diet. Thus, the difficulty identified should be overcome to improve renal diet adherence in the future
Nutritional, Antioxidant and Glycemic Response of Dark Chocolate Prepared with Sacha Inchi Oil
No full textThis study aimed to enhance the nutritional and functional quality of dark chocolate by incorporating Sacha Inchi Oil (SIO), a healthier fat alternative derived from Plukenetia volubilis, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. The potential of SIO as a Cocoa Butter Equivalent (CBE) was evaluated in dark chocolate formulations containing 1%, 3%, and 5% SIO. Proximate composition and antioxidant capacity were analysed using standard methods (soxhlet, kjeldahl, total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and FRAP). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in fat, fiber, moisture, and energy contents, with the 5% SIO formulation showing reduced fat and energy levels, increased fiber and moisture, and the highest antioxidant activity. Additionally, a non-randomized controlled trial involving ten healthy participants was conducted to determine the Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) of the samples. While the control and 1% SIO samples exhibited high GI, the 3% and 5% SIO formulations were classified as medium GI, and all samples demonstrated low GL. The 5% SIO chocolate had the lowest glycemic response. These findings indicate that SIO can improve the nutritional profile, antioxidant properties, and glycemic response of dark chocolate, supporting its application as a functional ingredient in the development of healthier chocolate products, particularly for health-conscious populations in developing countries
High-Pressure Pre-Treatment of Kappaphycus alvarezii: Effect of Drying Rate on Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities
Full text linkThis study focuses on High-Pressure Pre-Treatment to enhance the seaweed\u27s nutritional value and antioxidant potential, which is highly relevant and aligns with the demand for improved food processing techniques that preserve bioactive compounds. High-Pressure Processing (HPP) was applied at varying levels (0, 200, 400, and 600 MPa) to assess its impact on drying efficiency, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activities. High-Pressure Processing (HPP) at 200 MPa, 400 MPa, and 600 MPa enhanced the drying performance and antioxidant properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii. The 600 MPa treatment achieved the fastest drying rate and the highest antioxidant capacity, thereby enhancing the seaweed’s functional properties. Moreover, the 600 MPa treatment yielded the highest total phenolic content (50.68±1.51 mg GAE/100 g) and a significant enhancement in total flavonoid content (5.54±0.29 mg QE/100 g). These compounds are crucial for neutralizing free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, the 600 MPa treatment demonstrated a significant increase in ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (44.58±2.56 mg FeSO4/100 g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (18.86±0.66%) relative to the untreated sample, highlighting the improved antioxidant potential associated with high-pressure treatment. These findings indicate that HPP not only preserves but also enhances the antioxidant properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii, which are vital for its health benefits. Additionally, color analysis revealed significant changes in the lightness and chromaticity of the seaweed post-treatment, suggesting improvements in its visual appeal. This research underscores the capability of HPP technology to improve the drying efficiency of Kappaphycus alvarezii, thereby boosting its antioxidative properties, marketability, and versatility in various applications
Underreported Energy Intake Methods with Metabolic Risk Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Teachers in East Coast, Malaysia
No full textThis study compares three methods of detecting EI (Energy Intake) underreporting and examines their associations with body composition measures—such as Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage, and muscle mass—as well as blood test results, including fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles among overweight and obese adults in East Coast, Malaysia. A total of 333 secondary school teachers, aged 20 to 60 years, were recruited using multistage sampling for this cross-sectional study. We collected sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters using standardized and validated instruments. Dietary intake data were obtained using validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Underreporting was assessed using the revised-Goldberg method (EI/ Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) ratio of 1.2 and 0.9, based on the Mifflin-St Jeor equation) and the EI sex-specific <2.5th and >97.5th percentile. The majority of participants were Malay (98.8%), with a mean age of 48.85±6.88 years old. On average, they were classified as overweight (BMI: 29.30±3.74 kg/m²) and had a high waist circumference (91.66±10.40 cm). The discrepancy between the Goldberg EI/BMR<1.2 and EI sex-specific<2.5th and >97.5th percentile method (26.1% vs. 4.8% underreporters) reflects the higher sensitivity but lower specificity of the Goldberg method, which may have led to higher underreporting estimates to the EI sex-specific<2.5th and >97.5th percentile approach. There were significant association (p<0.05) between energy intake and body fat percentages, visceral fat and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C ) for all three EI underreporting methods. Meanwhile, there was significant association (p<0.005) between energy intake and diastolic blood pressure using EI sex-specific percentile. The EI sex-specific <2.5th and >97.5th percentile method shows promising for detecting EI misreporting in overweight and obese adults. However, further research is needed to validate these findings, as the method remains underexplored