Indo. J. Chem. Res.
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Bioactive Compounds and Microbacteria of Peel-Off Gel Mask Caulerpa racemosa
Full text linkCaulerpa racemosa is a type of seaweed that has the potential to be cultivated because it is known and favored by the public.Caulerpa racemosa is used not only for consumption as food but also for beauty cosmetics because of its ingredients. This study aims to determine the Bioactive content and total plate count (TPC) of the Caulerpa racemosa peel-off gel mask. The pour plate method was used to determine the total plate number of mycobacteria and phytochemical testing in the form of tests for flavonoid, alkaloid, phenolic, tannin, triterpenoids, and saponin. The results showed that the total colony total plate count until the 3rd repetition had an average of 31 col/g. The results of the phytochemical test of the Caulerpa racemosa peel-off gel mask contained bioactive compounds: flavonoid, alkaloid, phenolic, tannins, triterpenoid, and saponin. Conclusion: The Total plate count of Caulerpa racemosa peel off the gel mask complies with Indonesian National standards (INS) with the content of bioactive compounds, namely tannins dan saponins. Caulerpa racemose was used for a pell-off gel mask for the first time
Application of Rice Field Snails (Pila ampullacea) Extract as an Alternative Substitute for Protein Sources in Export-Quality Catfish Feed (Clarias sp.)
Full text linkThe freshwater fishery commodity that ranks at the top in total production in Indonesia, and its high domestic consumption, is catfish (Clarias sp.). One of the efforts to provide alternative feeds is by using rice field snails (Pila ampullacea) due to their high protein content. This study aims to determine the content of P. ampullacea feed and its application as an alternative protein source in export-quality Clarias sp. The feed was prepared by combining P.ampullacea flour, rice bran, and corn flour in a ratio of 3:1:1. Analysis of water content was conducted using the weight reduction method, ash content using the ashing method, protein content using the Kjeldahl method, and fat content using the soxhletation method. The analysis results showed that P. ampullacea had water content of 7.97%, ash content of 10.36%, protein content of 50.17%, and fat content of 4.16%. Meanwhile, the P.ampullacea feed had water content of 10.49%, ash content of 8.26%, protein content of 48.74%, and fat content of 3.6%. The results indicated that the application of P.ampullacea to Clarias sp. led to an increase in protein and fat content every week, the levels found in the commercial feed used
Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) Technology for The Production of Electrical Energy from Kepok Banana Stem
Full text linkBioelectrochemical Systems (BES) technology is a method for generating electric energy using bacteria as catalysts. The electricity is produced by Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), which represent the latest development in biological energy research. This study utilized substrates from banana stems and the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. The research aims to assess the potential of banana stems as a substrate in the MFC system and to determine the effects of adding a combination of an electrolyte solution and an appropriate buffering material to achieve maximum current, potential difference, and power density values. The results showed that the maximum current and potential difference achieved were 1.05 mA and 0.62 V, respectively, with a power density value of 446 mW/m². When combining the KMnO4 electrolyte solution with sodium phosphate buffer, a potential difference of 0.76 V and a current of 1.75 mA were obtained, resulting in a power density value of 911 mW/m². By using the K3[Fe(CN)6] electrolyte solution buffer with potassium phosphate buffer, a current of 1.14 mA was produced, and the power density value reached 406 mW/m²
Synthesis, Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study of 4-Monoacyl Resorcinol Against Tyrosinase Enzyme
Full text linkTyrosinase is a crucial enzyme in melanin production to protect the skin from ultraviolet, leading to skin cancers. This study synthesized eight compounds of acyl resorcinol with long-chain carbon (1-8) and structurally elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR. The in vitro evaluation of eight synthesized compounds against tyrosinase enzyme showed that 4-heptanoyl resorcinol (6) exhibited high inhibitory activity compared with the kojic acid as standard. In addition, the molecular docking study demonstrated that 6 showed lower binding energy (-7.3 kcal/mol) than kojic acid (-6.9 kcal/mol) and possessed interaction with crucial residues in the active site
Adsorption of Indigo Carmine Dye and Copper Ion by Kaolin from Bangka Island
Full text linkIndigo Carmine (IC) is a synthetic dye that might promote irritations, vomiting, and diarrhea when orally consumed in high concentrations. Copper is a dangerous heavy metal that tends to accumulate in organisms' cells as a pollutant. Hyperproduction of IC and accumulation of copper in water could cause an environmental problem that must be adequately addressed. Kaolin is found abundant on Bangka Island. Based on XRD analysis, Kaolin Island from Bangka Island consists of two important minerals, Kaolinite and Rectorite. Kaolin has chemical and physical properties, which make it useful in several applications, including as an adsorbent. This study aims to evaluate how Kaolin can adsorb copper ion from acid wastewater (pH < 0.5) and determine natural Kaolin's ability to adsorb IC dye from an aqueous solution. Many factors, including mixing time and number of doses of Kaolin, influence Kaolin's ability to absorb IC. The longer the stirring time, the more IC is absorbed. The optimal temperature for IC adsorption is 25˚C. The optimal kaolin dose for IC adsorption is 20% (m/v). Copper concentration after application of Kaolin tends to decrease, with optimal at 25.09% (m/v) dosage for 19.23% copper removal
Antioxidant Profiles of Chitosan-Alginate Films with Addition of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract for Active Packaging
Full text linkThis research aims to study the antioxidant activity of chitosan-alginate films by adding Moringa oleifera leaf extract. These films will be applied as active packaging for food. This research was initiated by the extraction of Moringa oleifera leaves. The Moringa oleifera leaves extract was prepared maceration and soxhletation techniques using distilled water as a solvent. The maceration method is resulting the yield 6.97%, while the yield of extract from the soxhletation method was 8.57%. After the extraction process, screening phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera leaves extract was tested to identify secondary metabolite compounds. Screening phytochemicals of the extract showed that Moringa oleifera extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Synthesizing of films was conducted at room temperature through a homogenization technique using a hot plate stirrer. The variations of final concentrations of extract were 0% (film A0), 0.50% (film A1), 0.75% (film A2), and 1.00% (film A3). Based on the antioxidant activity test using DPPH, the % RSA value of films with the addition of extract from soxhletation method was higher than films with the addition of extract from the maceration technique. The highest percentage of RSA value was 43.65% from A3 film with the extract's final concentration of 1.00%
Bioethanol Production From Tropical Marine Microalgae Ambon Bay Navicula sp. of The Inner Ambon Bay Strain
Full text linkMicroalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that contain carbohydrates can be converted into glucose through a hydrolysis process so that they can be used as raw materials for bioethanol production. Navicula sp. strain TAD is a type of marine microalgae that is spread in the inner Ambon Bay (TAD) sea waters and is used to manufacture bioethanol. This study aims to determine the content of carbohydrates and bioethanol produced from tropical marine microalgae Ambon bay Navicula sp. strain TAD. The research was conducted through several stages, namely the cultivation of Navicula sp. strain TAD to obtain biomass, determine carbohydrate content in biomass, hydrolyze biomass and manufacture bioethanol through a fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that Navicula sp. strain TAD cultivation for seven days had the highest cell density of 72.167 × 105 ± 0.946 cells mL-1 with dry biomass of 0.933 ± 0.062 g and productivity of 0.166 ± 0.011 gL-1 hour-1. The sulfuric acid hydrolysis process was analyzed for a sugar content of 146.5695 ± 0.758 mg. A fermentation process follows the results of the hydrolysis to produce bioethanol. The bioethanol content obtained was 6.357%. These indicated that Navicula sp. strain TAD has the potential to produce bioethano
Study of Anthocyanin Molecule Blocking as Anti-Hypertensive through the Pathway of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Full text linkAnthocyanins are flavonoid-derived compounds that can reduce blood pressure. This study aims to determine the affinity value of the compound to bind to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and bind to Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor (AT1R) and to determine the distance and shape of the bond that occurs. The results of anthocyanin-derived compounds Delphinidin, Petunidin, Malvidin, Cyanidin, Peonidin, and Pelargonidin have anti-hypertensive potential through the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone (RAAS) pathway based on molecular docking calculations. The affinity value of each, against Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) -7.7; -7.8; -7.7; -7.7; -7.8, and -7.7, the best affinity value in anthocyanin-derived compounds is shown in the Malvidin test compound which has three types of hydrogen bonds at a distance of ± 2 Å (ASP377, TYR520, ASP415) and has 1 type of bond that is the same as the lisinopril control (TYR520). While the affinity value to Angiotensin Receptor (AT1R) is -7.7; -7.7; -7.8; -7.7; -7.8, and -7.6, respectively, the best affinity value is shown in the Malvidin test ligand compound of -7.8 kcal/mol which has four types of hydrogen bonds ± 2 Å distance (TYR92, SER105, ARG167, TRP84) and has one kind of bond in common with lisinopril control (TYR520)
Investigation of Microplastic Exposure to Marine Fish in the Marine Tourism Area of Makassar City
Full text linkPlastic waste pollution in the marine environment triggers the formation of microplastics dissolved in seawater. Microplastics are one of the nutrients for plankton and phytoplankton. Through the food chain, microplastics can accumulate in the bodies of marine biota, until they finally reach the human body. The purpose of this research is to investigate and determine the microplastic group in fish in Makassar City KWB destinations. The method applied is maceration extraction using 70% C2H5OH for 3 days, then extracted with N-Hexane. The non-polar extracts identified the microplastic components using FTIR spectroscopy and analyzed the types of microplastics based on their absorption spectrum images. The results of the study were that all fish samples coded PS.B.1, PS.B.2, PS.B.3, were contaminated with secondary microplastics. Types of microplastics were identified, namely PP, PVC, PE, PS, PET and PC. The microplastic contaminants are thought to be the result of community activities. The public needs to be aware of the potential for microplastic accumulation in the bodies of marine fish that are consumed. Managers of Makassar City KWB destinations are advised to apply a pattern of supervision to the community to care about waste and educate the implementation of plastic waste recycling managemen
The Ecofriendly Biosorbent of Methylene Blue Using Banana Peels Waste
Full text linkThis research aimed to synthesize and characterize the properties of green banana peel waste to be used as adsorbent material. The green banana peel waste was prepared by sieved to be banana powder and then characterized by XRD, FTIR, XRF, and TGA. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue was tested using a simple method, the “batch method”, with further analysis by spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The XRF results of green banana peel showed that most of the composition is potassium and phosphorus. The methylene blue adsorption capacity of banana peel material is up to 75.10% with 0.5 grams of adsorbent, which is more significant than in the banana peel, which is 68.04% with 0.2 grams