Indo. J. Chem. Res.
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Some Acetophenone Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Diesel Fuels
Full text linkThe corrosion inhibition activities 2.4-dimethylasetophenone semicarbazone (1), 2.4-dimethylacetophenone thiosemicarbazone (2), (E)-3-(2-allyloxy)phenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3), (E,E)-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one thiosemicarbazone (4) and 3-hydroxy-3-(2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)indolin-2-one (5) have been studied by weight loss measurements for mild steel-3 specimen in diesel fuel. The corrosion rates of the steel-3 are decreased with the increase of the carbazones, chalcone, indolinone concentration, while the inhibition efficiencies are increased
Effect on NOx Abatement Performance of Metallic and Bimetallic (Copper and Platinum) Photodeposition onto TiO2 Anatase
Full text linkTo enhance the TiO2 anatase's ability to degrade nitrogen oxides (NOx), this study seeks to optimize the photocatalytic activity, selectivity, and DeNOx index of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles through surface modification using metallic and bimetallic (Cu dan Pt) photodeposition. The samples' photocatalytic performance is assessed by NOx abatement measurement, while their characteristics are analyzed using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and an X-ray diffractometer. According to the measurement, S6 (0.05% Pt/TiO2) has a photonic efficiency of 0.17 for the degradation of NOx, which is 2.15 times higher than bare TiO2. The DeNOx index, which combines selectivity and photonic efficiency, suggests that S9 (0.05% Pt + 0.1% Cu/TiO2) is the most effective sample in the visible light region, with a value of 0.01. Under broadband illumination, S6 has a DeNOx index of 0.13, which is the highest among all samples, while S9 has a moderate-level DeNOx index of 0.019. All samples have a higher DeNOx index than the bare anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. Bimetallic samples exhibit the best performance under visible light, whereas Pt-modified TiO2 anatase performs best in the broadband light range
Analysis of Chemical Components and Antioxidant Activity in Nutmeg Shell Liquid Smoke Processed through Rotary Evaporator Purification
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze liquid smoke's chemical content and antioxidant activity from pyrolysis of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) shell with rotary evaporator purification. A rotary evaporator purified liquid smoke from the pyrolysis of nutmeg shells. Identification of the chemical components of liquid smoke from the pyrolysis of nutmeg shells was carried out by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), and Antioxidants were measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with absorbance at a wavelength of λ 517 nm. The results of GC-MS analysis showed 14 peaks and 19 types of compounds detected with the 2-methylphenol compound component located at a retention time of 4.974 minutes, standing out with the largest contribution in terms of area, reaching 47.74%. The antioxidant test showed that the nutmeg shell has IC50 values before and after rotary evaporation of 0.40% and 0.07%, having strong antioxidant activity, and the results at a concentration of 3.2 mg/ml provided a level of free radical protection of more than 50%, namely 91.14%. The main compounds that play as antioxidants are phenol compounds and their derivatives, such as 2-methoxy-phenol and 2-methoxy-4-methyl-phenol
Analysis of Caffeine, Tannin and Total Phenol Content of Tea Leaves from Sirah Kencong Blitar Plantation
Full text linkCaffeine, tannins, and total phenol are chemical components of tea leaves that are beneficial for the body. Caffeine is a psychoactive substance, tannin is anti-diarrhea, and phenol compounds are antioxidants that prevent free radicals. The purpose of this research was to analyze the levels of caffeine, tannin, and total phenol of tea leaves at Sirah Kencong Blitar Plantation. Determination of the caffeine level was carried out in tea leaves powder using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method at 273.5 nm wavelength with caffeine as a standard. The determination of tannin and total phenol levels was carried out using the ethanol extract of tea leaves. Tannin was determined by the Follin Denis method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 649.9 nm wavelength with tannic acid as a standard. The total phenol was determined by the Follin Ciocalteu method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 794 nm wavelength with gallic acid as a standard. Based on the results of the research in tea leaves from the Sirah Kencong Blitar Plantation, the caffeine content was 1.649%, tannin was 7.095%, and total phenol was 34.142%
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Refined Waste Cooking Oil with Active Natural Zeolite
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This research evaluates refining waste cooking oil with active natural zeolite, utilizes it for biodiesel synthesis, and characterizes the synthesized methyl ester. This experimental laboratory research was carried out: (1) activation of natural zeolite, (2) refining waste cooking oil with active natural zeolite, (3) determination of free fatty acid (FFA) content of the oil, (4) transesterification with KOH catalyst, (5) characterization of the synthesized methyl esters according to the SNI 7182:2015, and (6) identification of the methyl ester component by GC-MS. The results showed that the FFA content of the refined waste cooking oil using active natural zeolite with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% per mass of oil were 2.97, 2.0, and 1.56%, respectively. The yield of methyl ester transesterified with various concentrations of KOH (0.8, 1.0, and 2% per mass of oil), respectively, were 80.13, 85.34, and 74.98%. The synthesized methyl ester resulted in the characteristics: 0.867 g/mL of density; 5.72 cSt of viscosity; 1.449 of refractive index; 1.46 g KOH/g of acid number; and 0.023% of water content. Identification of GC-MS obtained the synthesized methyl esters, which include: 46.10% of methyl hexadecanoic, 41.68% of methyl 9-octadecanoic, 6.42% of methyl octadecanoic, and 5.80% of methyl eicosanoic
Antibacterial Activity of Malaleuca Leucadendron Linn Essential Oil from North Central Timor Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococus Aureus
Full text linkThe eucalyptus plant (Melaleuca leucadendron Linn) is one of the essential oil production plants in the world. The plant has been widely used as an antiseptic and also for relieving colds, sore throat, and infections. This study aims to identify the whole essential oil compounds of this plant using GC-MS and test the antibacterial activity of the essential oil using the disc diffusion method. Based on the results of the GC-MS analysis of the essential oil content obtained by steam distillation and antibacterial test using discs diffusion method to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, yielded 81 compound peaks with antibacterial activity analysis results classified as relatively very strong at 5 different concentrations. The results of the best antibacterial activity test were indicated by the diameter of the inhibition zone 26.42 ± 0.97 mm for Escherichia coli while Staphylococcus aureus 23.43 ± 2.09 mm at a concentration of 100%. The study of antibacterial compounds based on the 81-peak GC-MS analysis found that 8 compounds have been reported as antibacterial. These compounds belong to the terpenes group with total percentages of eucalyptol 20.97 %, terpineol 11.74 %, β-pinene 6.24%, 3-carene 1.95%, caryophyllene 4.96 %, (z)-geraniol 0.10%, farnesol 0.10%, and eugenol 0.18% respectivel
Study Effect of Chitosan-Epichlorohydrin Macropore Beads on Decreasing the Value of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Dyes in Sasirangan Liquid Waste Treatment
Full text linkSasirangan liquid waste contains contaminants that are quite dangerous, characterized by high values of total dissolved solids and dyestuffs. This study aims to determine the effect of dose and pH on chitosan-epichlorohydrin macropore beads. The parameters of the measured waste are total dissolved solids and dyestuffs. The process of absorption of sasirangan liquid waste characterizes by FTIR. The results showed that chitosan-epichlorohydrin beads that interacted with sasirangan liquid waste had optimum results at a chitosan dose of 600 mL/L, with a decrease in the total value of dissolved solid by 2161 mg/L and a decrease in dye by 84.78%. Chitosan-epichlorohydrin beads at pH against total dissolved solid gave optimum results at pH 7 with a reduction in the total dissolved solid value of 2269 mg/L, while pH against dyestuffs gave optimum results at pH 3 with a decrease of 94.09%. The interaction between chitosan and chitosan-epichlorohydrin beads occurred a shift in wave numbers from 943 cm-1 to 932 cm-1 showing the C-O-C group and the chitosan-epichlorohydrin beads spectra with waste at wave numbers 3013-3618 cm-1 to 3007-3631 cm-1 the O-H vibration group overlapped the N-H vibration and showed the result that the beads Chitosan-epichlorohydrin/adsorb sasirangan liquid waste
Antioxidant Capacity Fraction of the Pelawan Stems (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff)
Full text linkThe impact of reactions free radical compounds can cause various health problems such as inflammation, aging, and cancer. Therefore, to avoid damage caused by free radicals, the body needs an important substance, antioxidants. Natural antioxidants are more recommended than synthetic antioxidants because synthetic antioxidants must be in accordance with the prescribed dose because they can cause side effects that are harmful to the body. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of the extract and fraction of the Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Grifft.) stem extract. Antioxidant testing was carried out using the DPPH method on extracts and fractions of Pelawan stem extract (T. merguensis Grifft.). In addition, qualitative phytochemical testing was also carried out on extracts of the stems of Pelawan (T. merguensis). The results of the three solvent fractions, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, were positive for flavonoid and phenolic secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity in reducing DPPH radicals in the methanol extract fraction of pelawan stems had a very strong activity with an IC50 value of 36.33 g/mL, while the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract fractions had a very weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 387.43 μg/mL dan 759.88 μg/mL
Formulation of Lahuna Leave (Eupatorium odoratum) and Sirih Leave Extract (Piper betle L.) as Antiseptic Liquid Soap
Full text linkInfectious diseases caused by microorganisms are the main cause of high morbidity and mortality in the world. One of the plants that have the potential as an antiseptic is a lahuna leaf. Lahuna leaves contain active antibacterial compounds and the addition of betel leaf to the liquid soap formulations can strengthen the activity of the antiseptic produced. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as an antiseptic. The methods used include phytochemical screening, physical observation of liquid soap formulations, and antibacterial activity tests using agar diffusion methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that lahuna leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, while betel leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The liquid soap formulation of lahuna leaves and betel leaves has a clear yellow color, distinctive aroma, liquid form, rough taste, and lots of foam and has very strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus which is characterized by clear zones formed for each formulation I (22.4 mm), formulation II (21.8 mm) and formulation III (20.1 mm). These results indicate the potential of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as antiseptic soap
The Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Anthocyanin Content From Methanol Extract of Senggani Fruit and Its Antioxidant Activity
Full text linkSenggani fruit is an edible fruit that tastes sweet, has an attractive color, blue or reddish purple, and is thought to contain anthocyanin. The senggani fruit can be used as a source of natural dyes and is known to have active components as a source of antioxidants. This study aimed to measure the phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content and the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of senggani fruit. Senggani fruits were extracted by maceration using methanol. The phytochemical screening test was performed. The phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3, and pH differential, respectively. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method. The phytochemical screening test showed the methanol extract of senggani fruit contained phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. In this study, the total phenol content was 154.880 mg GAE/g, the total flavonoid content was 6.827 mg QE/g, and the anthocyanin level was 7.516 mg/100 g. The antioxidant activity using the DPPH method showed that the methanol extract of senggani fruit had moderate antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 99.79 ppm