Indo. J. Chem. Res.
Not a member yet
303 research outputs found
Sort by
Bioaccumulation of Lead Metal (Pb) by Mangrove Plants (Rhizopora apiculata) in the Waters of Poka Village, Inner Bay of Ambon
Full text linkThis research aims to study the extent of bioaccumulation of the heavy metal Pb by mangrove plants (Rhizopora apiculata) in the waters of Poka Village, Ambon Bay. Mangrove plants were chosen because they can naturally accumulate heavy metals around their roots. In this study, sediment grains were measured using a Sieve Shaker, the content of Pb metal in sediment and parts of mangrove plants was determined using AAS, while the bioaccumulation value of Lead metal (Pb) by mangrove plants was calculated using the BCF and TF formulas. The results showed that the particle size in gravel ranged between 0.00-0.13%, sand 20.44-66.35%, and mud 33.65-79.56%. Lead (Pb) levels in Poka Village waters in sediment ranged from 10,925-16,925 mg/kg, roots ranged from 0.5-21.35 mg/kg, and leaves ranged from 0-4,675 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the BCF value at sampling point 1 = 0.03, sampling point 2 = 1.40 and sampling point 3 = 0.56, the TF value at sampling point 1 = 7.8, sampling point 2 = 0.03 and sampling point 3 = 0.09. This shows that mangrove plants function as phytoextraction and can be used as phytoremediation agents to accumulate the heavy metal lead (Pd) from waters
Heavy Metals Analysis of Imported Scomber scombrus Sold by Cold-Rooms in Lagos State of Nigeria
No full textThis research aimed at assessing the heavy metals concentration in imported Scomber scombrus fish samples purchased from cold rooms in Lagos, Nigeria. The samples were digested using the wet digestion method, and the concentration of Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), and Cobalt (Co) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Chromium (Cr) was present in twelve Scomber scombrus samples, and the level ranged from 0.004 to 0.046 mg/kg, while arsenic (As) was present in seven fish samples, with concentrations varying within 0.001 to 0.006 mg/kg. Lead (Pb) was present in eleven samples and not detected in SS5 and SS7. The concentration ranged from 0.004 to 0.062 mg/kg. Cobalt (Co) was present in seven Scomber scombrus samples, the level ranged from 0.004 to 0.046 mg/kg. However, SS3, SS10, and SS13 had lead concentrations above the maximum permissible limit (0.05 mg/kg) recommended by WHO/FAO. This study established the need for Nigerian agencies in charge of food to verify, check and ascertain the safety of imported fish before endorsing them as harmless for citizens' consumption
The Implementation of FT-IR Method for Compound Detection in Eco-Enzyme Applied as Hydrogel Patch
Full text linkPotential organic waste includes fruit and vegetable peels which are used as eco-enzyme which are rich in benefits in several fields, one of which is in the health sector, namely hydrogel patch. The aim of this research is to identify the compound content in eco-enzyme and understand the impact of hydrogel patch on the process. healing open wounds. The research method used is the FT-IR method to detect the compound content of eco-enzyme which are applied as hydrogel patchs to heal open wounds in mice. The conclusion in this research is that the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid and tannin compounds in eco-enzyme has been identified and shows that the 5 treatments on eco-enzyme hydrogel patch have concentrations of 25%, 35% and 45% which are stable or 100% recovery, because the results One-Way ANOVA analysis in pre-clinical hydrogel patchs on mice in open wound healing showed a sig value of p = 0.283 > α (0.05). The analysis results show that the functional group (OH) appears at an absorption of 3293.56 cm-1, at an absorption of 2174.49 cm-1 it shows the presence of an Alkyl Nitrile functional group, the Amide functional group (CN) is found at an absorption of 1636.34 cm-1
Radioisotope 32P for Keloid Therapy: A Review
Full text linkKeloids are skin disorders resulting from an abnormal wound healing response, often leading to excessive scar tissue growth. Keloids can be itchy, painful, and aesthetically disturbing. Keloid therapy varies, but until now, there is no standard method that is effective due to different patient responses. Racial, environmental, and genetic variables influence keloids. Various therapeutic techniques, such as surgery, cryotherapy, corticosteroid injections, laser light, and radiotherapy, have been used to treat keloids, but each has advantages and disadvantages. However, these treatments have limitations, such as high recurrence rates and patient discomfort. The application of radioisotope therapy, specifically using 32P, has emerged as a promising alternative. Radioisotope 32P emits β-particles, effectively inhibiting keloid cell growth by causing DNA damage and reducing collagen production. Studies show that 32P therapy significantly reduces keloid size and recurrence rates while causing minimal patient discomfort. Although there are potential risks, such as damage to surrounding healthy tissue, 32P therapy provides a practical and non-invasive option for keloid management. However, more research is required to fully understand this method’s effectiveness, safety, and long-term impact on keloid therapy, optimize treatment protocols, and minimize side effects
In Vitro and In Silico Assessment of Methanol Extract from Moringa oleifera Seeds as α-Amylase Inhibitor
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, posing a global health threat. Current diabetes treatments often rely on synthetic drugs with side effects, prompting the search for safer natural alternatives. This study investigated the secondary metabolic compounds in methanol extract from M. oleifera seeds and evaluated their antidiabetic activity. The α-amylase enzyme was analyzed to determine optimal incubation time, pH, and temperature. The antidiabetic activity was assessed via α-amylase inhibition using in vitro and in silico methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins in the extract. Optimal enzyme conditions were 30 minutes of incubation, pH 6.9, and 25 °C. The extract showed the highest activity at 15% concentration with 67.94% inhibition and an IC50 of 15.38%, compared to acarbose with 41.76% inhibition and an IC50 of 17.89%. In silico analysis indicated that 9-octadecanoic acid (Z) methyl ester had a lower inhibition constant and binding energy (2.67 mM and -3.51 kcal/mol) than acarbose (15.72 mM and -2.46 kcal/mol), suggesting a higher enzyme affinity. These findings suggest that M. oleifera seeds contain compounds with potential as antidiabetic agents
Characterization of HCl-activated Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Adsorbent in Removing Lead Ion (Pb2+) from Battery Industry Effluent
Full text linkThis study utilizes the adsorption process to reduce the concentration of lead ions in battery industry wastewater by using adsorbents from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). This research aims to determine the ability of a bioadsorbent activated by a 0.1 M HCl solution to adsorb Pb2+ through FTIR and AAS characterization. The bioadsorbent was contacted into a standardized solution of Pb2+ with varying contact times (viz., 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 140, 210, and 280 to determine the maximum adsorption). The highest absorption of the Pb2+ in battery industry wastewater took place for 210 minutes. The absorption ability was 94.45%, with 8.1488 ppm as the initial concentration. Then, this study shows that this characterization before the activation of 0.1 M HCl has O-H, C-H, C=O, and C-O ether functional groups. All three identified the presence of cellulose. Post-activation, lignin, and hemicellulose disappeared due to the vibration of the C=O group. However, an increase in the intensity of the vibrational peak at the C-O group indicates the presence of carbon chain linking in cellulose. Finally, after contact with battery industry effluent, bending vibrations were lost because the H atoms in the functional groups had been substituted with Pb2+
The Fabrication of ZnO Nanoparticles-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Analysis of Nicotine Content in E-Cigarette Liquids by Cyclic Voltammetry
No full textZnO nanoparticles were used as composites on carbon paste working electrodes to enhance electrode performance in the analysis of nicotine content in e-cigarette liquids by voltammetry cyclic. The optimum composition and condition (pH and scan rate) were determined to identify the conditions that gave the best response. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The determination of optimum composition and conditions was studied using cyclic voltammetry. The determination of nicotine content in e-cigarette liquids was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry. The electrode composition that gave the best response was 3:5:2 (carbon: nanoparticles ZnO: paraffin). The optimum conditions for nicotine determination by cyclic voltammetry were at pH 8 and a scan rate of 90 mVs-1. The cyclic voltammetry’s limit detection (LoD) using a ZnO nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode is 0.00678 mg/mL, and the percent recovery is 100.35%
Analysis of Hydroquinone in Face Whitening Cream by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and GC-MS Spectrometry
Full text linkThe analytical method to determine the compound content in both food and cosmetic products must be carried out carefully to ensure the validity of the analysis results. Hydroquinone has been widely found to be used as an active whitening agent in whitening cream. Technological advances have led to illegal whitening creams becoming more accessible online. This study aims to examine the hydroquinone content in the whitening samples cream purchased from e-commerce by various analytical methods, such as FeCl3 reagent, cerimetric titration, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and GC-MS spectrometer compared to the positive control hydroquinone. The results of the hydroquinone content by cerimetric titration and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods were calculated quantitatively. Furthermore, the result compared through statistical tests showed a consistent hydroquinone content for both methods. Contrariwise, the GC-MS method showed negative results due to differences in the extraction process and solvent solubility. Based on the result obtained, can be concluded that all samples of whitening cream did not meet the requirements of BPOM No. 23 of 2019. 
Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles with Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract as a Bio-Reductor and Their Analysis Using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
Full text linkNanotechnology is a branch of science that investigates materials on a scale of 1-100 nanometers. One method that is often used to create copper nanoparticles is biosynthesis using plant extracts because it is more environmentally friendly, does not use toxic reagents and solvents and the process is simpler. Dragon fruit extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has potential as a reducing agent for metal compounds because it contains phenolic and carboxylic groups. This study aimed to synthesize copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) using a bio-reductor in the form of dragon fruit extract with various volume variations of CuSO4, pH variations, and stirring time variations. Red dragon fruit extraction was carried out by the maceration method to obtain extracts from dragon fruit, which were then used as a Cu metal-reducing agent. The resulting Cu nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Based on the data, the highest absorbance value was obtained from the most volume of CuSO4, namely 2 mL with an absorbance peak at a wavelength of 700-750 nm. The optimum pH was obtained at pH 6 with a peak absorbance at a wavelength of 750 nm. The most effective time to obtain the absorbance peak at a wavelength of 700 nm was 15 min
Triterpene Compound from Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kesambi Bark (Schleichera oleosa) and Its Activity as Anti-Bacterial
Full text linkIn our earlier study, we managed to find the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the kesambi bark stem. In our next study, we isolated secondary metabolite compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of the kesambi stem bark and tested the antibacterial activity of isolates against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Separation is carried out by the method of column chromatography. Analysis of stain patterns and purity was performed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The test of antibacterial activity was carried out by the Kirby Bauer method. Characterization of pure isolates was performed with IR, 1H -NMR, 13C -NMR and DEPT 135° spectroscopy. The results of the characterization of pure isolates show that the isolated compound is a triterpenoid compound with the name IUPAC compound lup-20(29)-en-3-ol. The results of antibacterial tests showed that the compound lup-20(29)-en-3-ol has antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus which is relatively moderate