Indo. J. Chem. Res.
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Oleanan Derivate Compounds From Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. Degrabrata K Bark And Their Bioactivity
Get PDFOleanan derivated 3-acetyl-12-oleanen-28-oat has been isolated from the n-hexane fraction of M. umbellata(Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata K. bark. The molecular structure were determined by IR spectroscopy, 1D and 2DNMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC and HMBC) data analysis. Bioactivity tested results indicated that thecompound was toxic to A. salina with LC50 value was 361.93 mg/mL. At the concentration of 1000 mg/mL 3acetyl-12-oleanen-28-oat gave the highest inhibition to bacteria B. subtilis and the fungus C. albicans with the inhibited zone diameter was 15.8 mm and 15.2 mm, res
Bioethanol Production From Waste Coconut Water Through Fermentation Process
Get PDFBioethanol can be produced through glucose fermentation using saccharomyces cerevisiae. Was done to make coconut water contains a small amount of carbohydrate. A researcher had taken research was done to make bioethanol from coconut water waste. The result of the research shows that coconut water fermentation with yeast has maximum speed after 70 minutes of incubation. The fermentation solution was then distilled. Bioethanol purity was about 76-80% after HPLC analysis
Synthesis Of 1-phenyl-4-(3’, 4’-dimethoxy phenyl)-1-Buten-3-on From Eugenol
Get PDFThe synthesis of 1-phenyl-4-(3’, 4’-dimethoxy phenyl)-1-buten-3-one from eugenol has been done through four
reaction steps. The metilation of eugenol with dimethyl sulphate yields 81.81% of methyl eugenol.
Oxymercuration-demercuration of methyl eugenol with mercury acetate yields 67.27% of methyl eugenyl
alcohol. Oxidation of methyl eugenyl alcohol with pyridinium chloro chromate (PCC) yields 45.31% of methyl
eugenyl ketone. Aldol condensation reaction of methyl eugenyl ketone with benzaldehide catalyzed by potasium
hydroxyde yields 7.38% of 1-phenyl4-(3’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-buten-3-one. The purity of compounds was
tested by GC and LC. The Elucidation of structure was analyzed by FTIR, GC-MS, LC-ESI-MS, and
H-NMR
Analisys Of Lead (Pb) And Chromium (Cr) Content In The Roots Of Seagrass (Enhalus Acoroides) In Waters Of Waai And Tulehu Village Central Maluku Regency
Get PDFThe research has been done with the aim to determine the content of heavy metals Pb and Cr on the roots of seagrasses (Enhalus acoroides) by using Spektrofotometry Atomic Absorption (SSA). Samples have been taken from the waters of Waai and Tulehu village. The result show that the content of Pb on the roots of seagrasses in the waters of Waai village and Tulehu village is 26,262 mg/Kg; 18,491mg/Kg; 16,272 mg/Kg dan 12,272 mg/Kg. While the content of Cr on the roots of seagrasses in the waters of Waai village ang Tulehu village 33,066 mg/Kg; 7,752 mg/Kg; 109,535 mg/Kg; 22,464 mg/Kg. The result of this study can be used as a reference for the claim that the roots of seagrasses in the Waters of Waai village and Tulehu village contain metals Pb and Cr quite high
Application Of Spons Callispongia Sp Origin Of Halong Water (Ambon Bay) As Biomonitoring Contamination Trace Metals Pb,Cr,Cr And Zn
Get PDFThe purpose of research it is cycles how knowing cycle trace metals Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn in Callispongia Sp, sediment and water. Techniques of the analysis of trace metals use ICP-OES ((Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy). Analysis dramatic of the relationship between sponge significant sediment and water show that highest trace metal is Zn to Callispongia sp (6.250 mg/kg dry weight), sediment (0.750 ppm and water 0.790 ppm
Introduction Analysis Of Several Levels Of The Mercury (Hg) In Shells
Get PDFWater pollution by metallic mercury (Hg) in Buru island as a result of mining activity people are very dangerous for marine life, firstly for Mollusca that was consumed by local communities. Therefore, it is needed to measure the levels of pollution Hg of shells. The research has been done on several types of shells, taken at several different points, those are: at the Namlea market, Arumbae market, and Latuhalat beach. The research’s method used Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CV-AAS). The results obtained by the concentration of metals Hg in Polla shells (Telebraria sulcata) 0.19240 mg/kg; Manis shells (Ruditapes variegatus) 0.27171 mg/kg; Ciput shells (Nerita polita) 0.31387 mg/kg; Keong shells (Thais aculeata) 0.05556 mg/kg; Tudung shells (Cellana radiata) 0.05922 mg/kg and Bapaco shells (Telescopium telescopium) 0.00183 mg/kg. Based on the results of this research, the mercury (Hg) concentrations of several types of shells which contain levels of Hg that low enough and has not exceeded the threshold set by WHO as big as 0.5 mg/kg. Even that there was small concentrations of metals, it can be acumulated in human’s body and can be fatal to the health of humans who consume shells
Bioactivity assay of compound (hexa-tetra contane) From Callyspongia pseudoreticulata As Antibacterial Agent Of “Penyakit Layu†(Ralstonia solanacearum) In Potato Plant
Get PDFSponge is one of the marine biota that known have a high bioactivity potential and contain secondarymetabolites that can be used as antibiotic and medicinal materials. The aim of this research was tobioactivity assay of hexa-tetra contane compound contained in Callyspongia pseudoreticulata.Antibacterial tested has been carried out for Ralstonia solanacearum in potato plant. The resultsshowed that 400 mg/ml of compound has the best inhibitory diameter of “Penyakit Layu†bacterial(Ralstonia solanacearum) was 21.33 mm and significantly different to other concentration
The Utilitasion of Beef Tallow Into Biodiesel With Heterogenous Catalyst
Get PDFThe research of utilitasion of beef tallow into biodiesel with heterogenous (CaO) catalyst has been conducted. Biodiesel production initially by esterification reaction with catalyst H2SO4 1% (toward oil and methanol weight) with molar ratio oil : methanol (1:9). After esterification process, trygliceride separated from methanol and continued by transesterification step with molar ratio 1:12 (oils and methanol) and CaO catalyst 11% wt. Esterification and transesterification process carried out for 2 hours and 6 hours respectively at 65 ℃. Composition of the biodiesel was analyzed by 1HNMR, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and their physical properties analyzed by ASTM method. Result of biodiesel conversion is 93.99% while based on GC-MS analysis showed that mayor component of biodiesel were mixture of methyl esters with methyl octadecanoat as the major coumpound (40.65%). Based on data from ASTM, biodiesel produced from beef tallow have qualified as diesel fuel
Adsorption Cu2+ Metal Ion Of Pectin From “Tongka Langit” Banana’s Crust (Musa Speices Van Balbisiana)
Get PDFThe adsorption Cu2+ metal ion of pectin from "tongka langit" bananas crust (Musa Speices van balbisiana) has been done. Pectin was obtained from extraction "tongka langit" bananas crust with HCl at temperature 90 oC during 4 hours. Pectin was produced 9.49 grams (10.41%). Identification functional group of pectin before and after adsorption use FT-IR spectrophotometer and defractometer XRD while Cu2+ metal adsorption result was analized with using AAS. Adsorption Cu2+ metal was followed adsorption isotherm Freundlich with KF value = 4.33 mg/g and n value = 0.86
Effects of Contamination Detergent (Las) On The Expression Of iNOS In Kidney Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Get PDFThis research aims to know the expression of iNOS in the kidney of fish contamination of LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonat). Expression of iNOS observations of renal cells cranial common carp by using immunohistochemical methods show that distribution in the cytoplasma and iNOS cell nucleus. Expression of iNOS in the head kidney tissue distribution carp tubules and other networks is uneven. Expression of iNOS on a network of tubules occurs in cells on the outside. On other network distribution unevenly iNOS expression.
Expression of iNOS in the head kidney tissues of common carp found in the control group and treatment group LAS contamination during 48 hours of observation. Expression of iNOS in the control group or normal ranges from 4.25-5.5 % of cells, treatment A (0,01 mg/L LAS) 10.5-15.75 % cell, treatment B (0,02 mg/L LAS) 9.75-22.25 % cell, treatment C (0,03 mg/L LAS) 10.75-21.00 %, treatment D (0,04 mg/L LAS) 14.5-18.00 % cell and treatment E (0,05 mg/L LAS) 13.00-18.00 % cell. Standard deviation on the control ranges from 2,08 up 3.4 while in group treatment ranged 1 to 1.2