Indo. J. Chem. Res.
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Effect of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Extract To Histamine Content In Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei)
Get PDFThe research to determine histamine content in bullet of tuna (Auxis rochei) with variation of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) extract concentrations and time of marinate has been done. The histamine content is determined quantitatively by using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer with the calibration curve method. The result showed that histamine content in bullet tuna marinated in tamarind extract with varied concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% within 10 minutes, are 37.4561, 35.3041, 23.8778, and 22.1186 mg/100 g respectively. While, the concentrations of histamine in bullet tuna marinated in 20% of tamarind extract with variation of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes, are 22.2965, 19.7544, 17.6925, 11.5865, and 8.0396 mg/100 g respectively. A qualitatively, visual comparison of colour intensity of samples with reference colour scale of the standard solution concentration can be used to determine concentrations of histamine without the aid of a spectrophotometer
Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye By Active Carbon From Durrian Shell (Durio zibethinus)
Get PDFThe research about adsorption of Rhodamine B dye by active carbon from Durian shell has been done. The active carbon gained from carbonation process which is shell of Durian put into furnace at 350 oC during 2 hours, and then being cold and sieved with 100 mesh sieves. Next process was calcinations at 450 oC C flowed by N2 gases for 2 hours then characterized with XRD spectrophotometer. Activation process is done through submerge of carbon in 3 M of KOH solution for 15 hours and dried in oven at 110 oC for 1 hour, then characterized with XRD. After that, adsorption process toward Rhodamine B dye and the result was tested using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results show that optimum condition from active carbon was at adsorbent weight of 0.6 g with contact time 100 minutes at pH 3.0 for adsorbs Rhodamine B concentration of 50 ppm. Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye fitted Freundlich isotherm with correlation coefficient (R2), K and n value were 97.3 %, 21.542 mg/g, and 0.405 respectively
The Capability Test Of Rice Husk (Oryza sativa L) As Active Carbon For Phenol Adsorption
Get PDF The utilization study of active carbon from rice husk as adsorbent has been done. Active carbon is gained through carbonization process where rice husk put into furnace on temperature 300 oC. for 1 hour, colded, and sieved by sieve 100 mesh. The next it is activated by KOH solution with a concentration of 50% for 5 hours. The characterization used X-ray diffraction (XRD) for both carbons before and after activation. And determinated anidity weigh, calsinated in furnace with 400 oC. and streamed through N2 gas for 2 hours. Acidity weight of 6.4873 x 10-2 and 2.5467 x 10-2 mol/g, respectively. Determination of phenol adsorption was the UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Adsorption phenol from active carbon was followed the Freundlich isotherm with maximum capacity 5.6964 x 10-2 mg/g and n value is 0.2586 mg/g. The experimental data fitted well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model, which regretion value is 99.9 % and rate constant reaction (k) value is 0.74 g mg-1 menit-1 Phenol adsorption from active carbon rice husk the best is consentration 100 ppm with value 99.56 %
Synthesis and Characterization of The MCM-48 and Modified NH2
Get PDFThis research aims to synthesize and characterize MCM-48 modified with the group-NH2. Synthesis of MCM-48 and its modification by NH2 conducted by Ryoo methods where is the salt of Ludox HS40 solution mixed with NaOH solution then heated, followed by making mixture of CTAB and Triton X-100. The resulting gel mixture is heated at temperature of 100 °C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture added 30% acetic acid until pH 10. Then the mixture was heated at 100 °C for 24 hours then cooled at room temperature. MCM-48 mesoporous silica that has formed was filtered, washed with distilled water and dried at 120 °C. MCM-48 mesoporous silica characterized using XRD and FTIR. Modification of MCM-48-NH2 was done by adding 3-APTES into mesoporous silica. XRD analysis results showed that the characteristic peaks at 2 theta 2.4o have Miller indices 211and several peaks with low intensity. These peaks are typical peak for MCM-48. By FTIR showed the specific areas observed for organic molecules (surfactant) in MCM-48 synthesized; CH span (2800-3100 cm-1) and CH bending (1400 to 1500 cm-1). C-H bending vibration was observed in 1645; 1512 and 1481 cm-1. The success of modified MCM-48-NH2 was shown by the appearance of two absorption bands at wave numbers 3368 and 3424 cm-1 which indicate the presence of a primary amine or an amino group (-NH2) in the mesoporous channe
The Degradation of Antracene Compound Using Bacteria Isolated From Paotere Port Waterways
Get PDFThe objectives of this study are (1) Determine the content of antrasena compound in the waste oil at the waterway of Paotere port (2) Determine the characteristics of antrasena degradation bacteria and (3) Determine the percentage of antrasena degradation. In this research an analysis of antrasena compound was conducted with sea water that had been polluted with oil. The next steps were to isolate and characterize the degrading bacteria of antrasena and to analyze the results of antrasena degradation. The results showed that (1) Concentration of the antrasena compound in the waterway of paotere port is 4,8x10-10 ppm. (2) The bacteria can degraded of the antracene is Bacillus cereus (3) There was evidence that Bacillus cereus was able to degrade antracenr compound, the highest degradation percentage is 98,11%, it was achieved on 12 day of incubatio
Kinetic Parameters Determination Of Glucoamylase On Hydrolysis Reaction Of Sagoo Starch (Metroxylon sp)
Get PDFSagoo plant (Metroxylon sp.) numerous in eastern Indonesia, such as Maluku and Papua. Sagoo starch containing amylose and amylopectin. Sagoo starch hydrolysis can be carried out by enzymes, such as glucoamylase or often called amiloglukosidase or α-1 ,4-glukanoglukohidrolase, an extracellular enzyme capable hydrolyzes α-1, 4 on amylose and α-1, 6 in amylopectin. The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch can be reviewed in the kinetics of the Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk equation. The aims of this study to determine the kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km) of glucoamylase on hydrolysis of sagoo starch. Glucoamylase has an optimum temperature of 50 oC and pH optimum 6.5. At optimum conditions, based on Michaelis-Menten equation, the value of Vmax is 1.09 U/mL/min and Km value is 0.82. Based on Lineweaver-Burk equation, the value of Vmax was 1.03 U/ mL/min and Km value was 0.84%
Intercalation Of Clay By Surfactant And Its Application As Adsorbent Of Lead Ion
Get PDFResearch on natural clay intercalation with a surfactant has been done. The surfactant used is a quaternary ammonium salt type is cetil trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Intercalation process is carried out by stirring a suspension of clay and quaternary ammonium salt for 24 hours. After the intercalation process, palmitic acid are added, then the intercalated clay is used as an adsorbent ion Pb2+ distance between layers of clay after intercalated can be analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The distance between the layers increases from 15.99 to 19.45Ã…. Intercalated surfactant used to adsorb metals Pb2+ ions in solution with a variety of conditions such as contact time and concentration. The results of the analysis indicated using AAS then used to determine the adsorption capacity based on the optimum contact time optimum concentration and absorption. Adsorption capacity is equal to 8.092 mg/g
Application of TiO2 Nanotube As Photoelectrode For Corrosion Prevention Of Stainless Steel In pH Variation of NaCl
Get PDFThe research amis to synthesize TiO2 nanotube photoelectrode (TiO2-NT) by anodizing method. The photoelectrodes applied in photoelectrochemical system to prevent the corrosion of steel. Anodizing method carried out by preparing an electrochemical system consisting of a titanium plate as anode and Pt wire as cathode in electrolyte containing glycerol, ammonium fluoride and water. Voltage applied from the DC current source and followed by thermal treatment at a temperature of 500oC. The photoelectrode further characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction and Surface Area Analyzer. The result of anti-corrosion test of stainless steel 304 by TiO2-NT showed that photopotential value of steel shifted to the more negative value in UV light. The significant potential shift occurs at pH 8 and the corrosion rate of stainless steel 304 couple with TiO2-NT decrease reaches 1.7 times. It concluded that the photoelectrodes can be used to reduce the corrosion rate of stainless steel 304 by utilizing sollar energy as a source of UV light
Optimation Transesterification Reaction Conditions on Biodiesel Production From Beef Tallow
Get PDFBiodiesel synthesis has been done from beef tallow through two step, esterification and transesterification reactions. Esterification process is done by using H2SO4 1M as a catalyst, methanol 1:9, temperature of 60-65°C, and for 3 hours. After separated between methanol and trigyceride, then proceed to the process of transesterification. To obtain the optimum reaction conditions then used some transesterification process variables, there are: the weight percentage catalyst of KOH between 0.1, 0.5, 1; 1.5, and 2%, the reaction time of 1-5 hours and the reaction temperature between 50 -70 oC. Optimum conditions of transesterification reaction for the synthesis of biodiesel derived from beef tallow with KOH catalyst is as follows: the weight percentage of 1% KOH catalyst, the reaction time of 3 hours and the reaction temperature of 65 oC. The results of physical testing of biodiesel fuel by ASTM method includes specific density of 0.8675 g/cm3, kinematic viscosity of 4.971 mm2/s, flash point of 134.5°C, pour point of 27°C, the Conradson carbon residue of 0.018%, and the copper corrosion-pieces of 1B
Quality Analysis Of Honey Mallawa Parameters Based On Physical Chemistry
Get PDFAnalysis of chemical physics parameters on Mallawa honey has been done as density, viscosity, HMF, reducing sugars, sucrose and enzyme diastase. The results obtained showed that the average weight of honey Mallawa is 1.373 g / mL, the viscosity of 10.9651 P, HMF amounted to 49.120 mg / Kg, reducing sugar amounted to 70.752% w/w, sucrose at 3:25 w/w and enzymes diastase of 3.805 DN, This is according with ISO and IHC (International Honey Commition) that category Honey Mallawa still good enough for consumptio