Indo. J. Chem. Res.
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Produksi Oligomer Kitosan dari Limbah Udang Windu (Panaeus monodon) Menggunakan Enzim Kitosanase dari Isolat Bakteri Klebsiella sp.
Get PDFChitosan is a biopolymer that is the main content of D-glucosamine and several parts of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine bound to β- (1-4) glucoside. Chitosan receive special attention as functional biopolymers for applications in various fields. Chitosan is more effectively absorbed into the human body when it gets converted into chitosan oligomer form. Chitosan oligomer is a mixture of oligomers of D-glucosamine are formed through a process of severing ties depolymerization of chitosan with β-glycosidic. This study aims to produce chitosan oligomer of waste tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) using enzyme kitosanase of bacteria Klebsiella sp. Chitosan oligomer produced by using the enzyme chitosanase at a temperature of 40 °C and pH 8 with the activity of 0.309 U/mL (5,235 U/mg) obtained in the form of a mixture of monomer to octamer, which soluble in acetic acid 0.25% to 0.5%, having intrinsic viscosity decreases with increasing time of incubation is 0.195 (1 hour incubation); 0.9 (incubation 2 hours) and 0.7 (incubation 3 hours) with molecular weight range of 4103.12 g/mol (incubation 1 hour) ; 1483.48 g/mol (incubation 2 hours) and 1065.79 g/mol (incubation 3 hours)
Sintesis Senyawa N-fenetil 4-O-asetil ferulamida dari Asam Ferulat melalui Reaksi Amidasi Tidak Langsung
Get PDFCompound N-phenetyl 4-O-asetil ferulamide had been synthesized from ferulic acid and phenetylamine through esterification and indirect amidation method. Esterification reaction of ferulic acid with anhydride acetate was done in pyridine solvent at room temperature. Indirect amidation was perform by chlorination using tionyl chloride in benzene solvent at 70°C and continued by amidation with phenetylamine, catalyzed by pyridine in dichloromethane solvent at room temperature. the compound obtained is brown yellowish crystal with melting point 118-120°C. The rendemen of target compound is 53.81%
Potensi Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Dan Analisis Metabolit Sekunder Utamanyanya
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the potential of the methanol extract of the stem bark Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. against Staphylococcus aureus and to analyze the main secondary metabolites. Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial activity test was performed by Mueller-Hinton agar medium whereas the secondary metabolite analysis of the methanol extract of the stem bark is conducted by GC-MS instrument. Results of research the methanol extract of bark Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter each at a concentration of 2.5% by 7.3 mm by 8.6 mm 5% and 10% of 10.4 mm. Selanjunya result of analysis by using GC-MS showed the presence of compounds 5-hidroksimetilfurfural and compounds 1, 2, 3-benzenetriol potential as an antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the results of analysis by GC-MS instrumeny showed the presence of compounds 5-hidroksimetilfurfural and compounds 1, 2, 3-benzenetriol potential as an antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus
Photodegradation of Remazol Yellow Using A-Type Zeolite/TiO2
Get PDFThe research aimed to study photodegradation of remazol yellow (RY) using TiO2-impregnated A-type zeolite (zeolite-A/TiO2) has been conducted. The materials having zeolite/TiO2 ratio of 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1.0, 1:1.2, dan 1:1.4 g/g were used to degrade remazol yellow (RY) under ultraviolet irradiation for 3 hours and percentages of RY degraded were determined using spectrophotometer at 414 nm. Those with zeolite/TiO2 ratio of 1:0.2, 1:0.8, and 1:1.2 were used to study photodegradation kinetics at time range up to 3 hours. The results showed that the highest amount of RY degraded (82.17%) was attained by the use of material with zeolite/TiO2 ratio of 1:0.2. This material generated the highest value of rate constant (k=0.074 min-1), followed by those of 1:1.2 (0.045 min-1) and 1:0.8 (0.025 min-1).
 
Analysis of Mercury (Hg) Distribution In The Waeapo River Irrigation Area, Buru Regency, Maluku Province, Gold Mining Without Permission Result In Botak Mountain Area
Get PDFThe Waeapo River has 13 watersheds, which are irrigated area for thousand hectare of rice field in the District of Buru. Buru District is one of the area that can supply thousands of tons of rice. But, yields to be reduced by the presence of gold mining activities in the Botak Mountain. Gold mining activities not only impact for the decline in yields, but also impact on the quality of rice by mercury pollution generated by mining waste. This research aims to determine the accumulation of mercury in sediment of Waeapo river. The research method is used survey and analysis method. In this research, observations were done and field sampling with the laboratory analyze. The result showed that concentration of analyzed mercury at four point, one point has exceeded standard of mercury limits in the sediment, i.e 0.1 pp
Adsorption of Cd Metal Using Active Carbon From Cacao Shell (Theobroma cacao)
Get PDFThe study on production of activated carbon from cacao shell (Theobroma cacao) was conducted by added 4 M HCl as activating agent. The results show that acidity of solid carbon active before activated with adsorption weight is 3.2865x10-3 mol.g-1 and after activated is 3.5052x10-3 mol.g-1. Active carbon result is used for the application at adsorption Cd with some variantion, that are optimum concentration 20 ppm and optimum time 80 min. Cd adsorption from active carbon was analyzed by AAS. The results are coeficient correlation (r2) 100 % followed Freundlich isotherm with KF value was 9.994 and n was -0.982
Preparation and Characterization Ni-Mo/Montmorillonite As A Catalyst In Cracking Process
Get PDFThis research is aims to prepare and characterization of montmorillonite intercalated Ni-Mo as a catalyst in the cracking process. Preparation is do by extracting monmorillonite of bentonite by decantation method. Monmorillonite synthesized with NaCl to obtain Na-monmorillonite. Ni-Mo/monmorillonite obtained by dissolving ammonium hepta molybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O) with distilled water and refluxed with Na-monmorillonite for 6 hours and dried at a temperature of 120oC. Furthermore, nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O) is dissolved in distilled water and refluxed with Mo-monmorillonite for 6 hours and dried at a temperature of 120oC. Ni-Mo/monmorillonite obtained is then calcined at a temperature of 600oC for 4 hours to activate and eliminate the remnants of organic materials. Characterization of Ni-Mo/monmorillonite do by XRD, XRF and SEM. Characterization by XRD showing the change in the content of monmorillonite, Na-monmorillonite, and Ni-Mo/monmorillonite. Characterization by XRF confirms the success of the creators do with increasing metal content of Ni and Mo in monmorillonite replace the position of the metal Na. Characterization by SEM showed highly significant differences in morphology of montmorillonite, Na-monmorillonite and Ni-Mo-monmorillonit
Computational Study Natural Color Essence (Dyes) As Active Material On Organic Solar Cell With Density Functional Theory (DFT)
Get PDFComputational calculation has been done for anthocyanin, tocoferol and they derivatives. The computational calculation was conduct to know the compound potential of anthocyanin, tocoferol and they derivatives as active material on organic solar cell. Computational calculation was done by used Gaussian 03 for windows with ab inito alternative electron structure theory namely Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP method at basis set 6-31G (d). Computational calculation obtains that the structure of anthocyanin, tocoferol and they derivatives were symmetrical. There were two compounds of anthocyanin (A1 and A5) and two compounds of tocoferol (T3 and T4) which more stable than the others compounds. The compounds had lowest energy gap were consist of A1= 0.12629 eV, A5= 0.12570 eV, T3= 0.19334 eV and T4= 0.19231 eV. The moment dipole from compound of anthocyanin, tocoferol and they derivatives had highest value, they were A1 and T1 while the total energy had lowest value they A2 and T1. The Substituent methoxy and hydroxy were added the density load of C atom was substituted so it would increase the activity of the phenyl ring on anthocyanin and they derivatives, while substituent methyl and hydroxy were added the density load of C atom was substituted so it was increase the activity of the phenyl ring on tocoferol and they derivatives. For compounds of anthocyanin main orbital populations showed that there were load transfer only from middle chain (ether) and compounds of tocoferol main orbital populations showed that there was load transfer only from phenyl ring. The method of density functional B3LYP/6-31G(d) would be applied to structure prediction and electronic characteristic of anthocyanin, tocoferol compounds and they derivatives before synthetic
Complexation of 5,5,7,12,12,14-Hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-Tetraazayclotetradeca-7,14-Dienium Bromide With Copper Acetate In Methanol And Aqueous Solutions
Get PDF5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclodeca-7,14-dienium bromide disolvate ((Me6N4H4)Br2.2H2O) is a 14-membered deprotonated tetraaza macrocyclic salt. Its neutral analogues and their complexes were prepared by templation method under refluxed condition since it was discovered by Curtis in 1961. However, the present diprotonated tetraaza salts react with many metallic salts in both methanolic and aqueous solutions. The complexation involved deprotonation of the diagonally opposite protonated amines and the type of metal salt and solvents also play an important role in the final complex formation. The complexation of (Me6N4H4)Br2.2H2O with copper acetate in methanol and aqueous solutions gave the expected complex of [Cu((Me6N4H2)Br]Br.2H2O. Pseudo-first order condition for the complexation reaction in water was established
Isolation and Characterization of Papain From The Latex of Papaya (Carica papaya L)
Get PDFThe papain enzyme was isolated from the latex of papaya and it was purified by ammonium sulfat fractionation and dialysis methods. Determination of papain enzyme activity showed that the highest activity was found in the 80% fraction with a specific activity of 10.5797 x 105 U/g. Papain concentration after Bradford method was 53 mg/mL. Molecular mass of papain was detected to be 21.6 kDa after SDS-PAGE analysis. Characterization of papain showed that the optimum activity of papain was found at pH 8.0 with a specific activity of 14.07031 x 10 U/g, and at temperature 60 °C with a specific activity of 14.39755 x 10 U/g