Indo. J. Chem. Res.
Not a member yet
303 research outputs found
Sort by
Chitosan as a Capping Agent of Silver Nanoparticles
Full text linkSilver nanoparticles have been developed in many applications because of their optical and reactivity properties. One of the disadvantages of silver nanoparticles is their low level of stability because their surface is easy to aggregate. It is necessary to have other materials such as chitosan as a capping agent on the surface of silver nanoparticles to prevent aggregation. This study aimed to determine the ability of chitosan as a capping agent for silver nanoparticles. The ability of chitosan was evaluated based on the stability test and characterization using a UV-Vis, PSA, and FTIR spectrophotometer. The silver nanoparticles formed producing a yellow color with a wavelength of 401 nm and a size of 13.48 nm. The volume of chitosan that gave optimal results in stabilizing silver nanoparticles was 2.0 mL
Synthesis of Glucopyranosyl Acetic from Sago Flour as Raw Material for the Synthetic Polymers
Full text linkSynthesis of glucopyranosyl acetic from sago flour as raw material for the synthetic polymers has been successfully carried out. The synthesis product is obtained through two reaction stages, namely the hydrolysis and esterification reactions. Sago flour is hydrolyzed with 25% HCl and neutralized with 45% NaOH. Glucose hydrolysis of sago starch and acetic anhydride was esterified using a zinc chloride catalyst. Synthesis product was obtained as a white solid substance (57.31% recovery), a melting point of 110 - 111oC, and Rf 0.79 on TLC (SiO2, n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 9:1 v/v). The results of the analysis of synthesis products with FTIR and GC-MS spectrometers showed that the synthesis product was glucopyranosyl acetic or 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl glucopyranose
Characterization of Alginate-Cellulose-Kaolin Composites for Slow-Release Urea Fertilizer
Full text linkResearch on the effect of cellulose and kaolin addition to alginate-cellulose-kaolin composites' characteristics as a slow-release agent of urea fertilizer has been done. The technique used in composites' preparation is an extrusion technique using 2% CaCl2 solution as a cross-linker. The compositions of alginate-cellulose-kaolin were varied to determine their effect on composites' characteristics such as diameter, color, swelling ratio, entrapment efficiency, and release of urea. The results showed that the diameter of beads in wet condition produced ranges from 2.98 to 3.54 mm, whereas the diameter of dry beads ranges from 1.22 to 1.92 mm. The addition of cellulose and kaolin affected the color of the beads produced based on CIE Lab analysis. The value of the swelling ratio decreased with the addition of cellulose and kaolin. The entrapment efficiency of urea in beads obtained ranged from 37.25 to 45.06%. The release of urea in aqueous media showed that cellulose and kaolin's addition into the alginate affected the amount of released urea
Density Functional Theory for QSAR Antioxidant Compound Myristicin Derivatives
Full text linkThis research was conducted to determine the molecular structure modeling and the quantitative relationship of the activity structure (QSAR) of substituted myristicin derivatives with electron donor groups such as -C6H5 (M1), -NH2 (M2), -Cl (M3), -F (M4), and -H (M5). The results of geometry optimization with the DFT (Density Fractal Theory) method or density functional calculations calculated with the density level of B3LYP/6-31G each obtained the total energy of each compound M1- M5: M1: 175.49 kcal/mol M2: 132.707 kcal/mol, M3: 115.701 kcal/mol, M4: 116.048 kcal/mol, M5: 121.377 kcal/mol. Determining the relationship between descriptors and the antioxidant activity (IC50) for basic structure myristicin compounds and five derivatives was carried out using SPSS 21. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a relationship between the descriptors and antioxidant activity. Determining the best QSAR equation model is done by analyzing multiple linear and multilinear regression using IBM SPSS 21. The results of multiple linear regression analysis or multilinear regression obtained for the best QSAR equation model are: Log P = -2.600 + (0.006) IW- (1.558) qC8 - (6.532) EHOMO + (0.014) PSA + (0.133) MD with n = 6, R = 1.000, R2 = 0.926, SE = 0
Pyrolysis Reaction Kinetics of Styrofoam Plastic Waste
Full text linkPyrolysis at the temperature range of 170 °C-237 °C against polystyrene (Styrofoam) type plastic waste is carried out without a catalyst and added a catalyst. The purpose of this research was to study the reaction kinetics of Styrofoam pyrolysis to liquid smoke products. Pyrolysis using a series of tools made of glass to observe the processes that occur in the reactor. The results showed that Styrofoam pyrolysis for liquid smoke products without catalyst and added catalyst took place in the first-order reaction. The kinetics of the pyrolysis reaction without a catalyst to observe the formation of liquid smoke products obtained by the equation of the reaction constant following the Arrhenius equation k = Ae2111.4 / T, with an activation energy value (Ea) of 17.554 x 103 kJ/mol and pyrolysis using a catalyst obtained k = Ae10330/T, with an activation energy value (Ea) of 85.883x103 kJ/mol. Using catalysts during pyrolysis will reduce the temperature so that the reaction will be slow
Adsorption of Tetracycline Hydrochloride from Solutions Using Mesoporous Silica, MCM-48
Full text linkMesoporous silica with cubic structure (MCM-48) was synthesized using Ludox HS40 as silica source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template. MCM-48 was used to adsorb the antibiotic of tetracycline hydrochloride. An X-ray diffractometer observed the x-ray diffraction pattern of MCM-48 and functional groups observed by a Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Parameters used to study adsorption were contact time and concentration. The pseudo-second-order was the kinetic order that fitted well with the adsorption of tetracycline HCl. The adsorption of tetracycline HCl on MCM-48 followed the Freundlich isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 0.98 mg/g
Silica Content Analysis of Rice Husks Siam Unus from South Kalimantan
No full textResearch on the analysis of rice husk content of Siam Unus with various NaOH concentrations (1.0 M; 1.5 M; 2.0 M; 2.5 M; 3.0 M) has been done. This study aims to obtain data on the effect of variations in NaOH concentration on the purity of the silica extract from Siam Unus rice husks and silica characterization of Siam Unus rice husks using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The results showed that the combustion of rice husks at 200 °C as the optimum temperature for 1 hour followed by combustion at 600 °C for 4 hours produces grayish-white rice husks with a yield is 20.70%. Silica functional group characterization showed that silanol (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) as dominant functional groups. The result of composition characterization using XRF showed that SiO2 is the dominant compound with the highest percentage of SiO2 is 1.5 M NaOH extract at 42.80%
Liquid Smoke Fractionation from Dry Distillation of Styrofoam Board Waste to Produces Liquid Fuel
Full text linkStyrofoam waste is difficult to be decomposed by bacteria or microorganisms. Therefore it takes a long time to be decomposed naturally. Styrofoam waste, in general, is a big problem for the survival of living things on earth because there are quite a lot of them. So, if not handled properly can cause environmental pollution. Styrofoam waste is inorganic waste composed of polymers derived from chemicals. Additives from styrofoam are harmful to humans because they are carcinogenic. This study aims to utilize Styrofoam board waste into liquid fuel. Liquid fuel from styrofoam waste has been made successfully through dry distillation and fractionation methods. The result of fractional distillation is 42.00% liquid fuel. Based on the physical properties tests that have already been carried out, including the density test, viscosity, flash point, boiling point, calorific value, and octane number, it turns out that the liquid has characteristics close to the standard gasoline fuel. The MS spectra and the GC chromatogram show that the liquid fuel consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, namely acetone 0.23%, acetic acid 0.40%, benzene 2.82%, toluene 3.56%, heptane 1.04%, 1-octene 0.26%, butyl ester 4.92%, 2,4-dimethyl-1-heptane 0.32%, p-xylene 13%, the compound with the highest composition was styrene 73.45%
Isolation of Lycopene Component from Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum)
Full text linkLycopene is a red pigment found in tamarillo with its function as an antioxidant that protects body cells from the negative effects of free radicals so that they do not trigger diseases, especially cancer and premature aging. This study was intended to improve the quality of tamarillo by isolating lycopene from tamarillo through an extraction process with chloroform as a solvent by maceration for 3 days at room temperature. The lycopene extract obtained was dissolved by means of a rotary evaporator at 40 oC under vacuum pressure and oven temperature at 60 oC. The lycopene obtained was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and the crystal structure of lycopene was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy. GCMS results showed that 0.21 g of lycopene was successfully isolated from 100 g of dried red tamarillo fruit powder. Functional group analysis using FT-IR at a wavelength of 978.23 cm-1 showed the R-CH=CH-R group; the -CH3- group of 1371.43 cm-1; the 1460.16 cm-1 indicates the bending vibration of -CH2-; the C=C chain of 1656.91 and 1745.64 cm-1; and the C-H of 2856.67 and 2926.11 cm-1 of the lycopene chain
Bioaccumulated Mercury by Several Types of Plants in Ex-Traditional Gold Processing Area, Gogorea Village, Buru Island
Full text linkThis study examines the accumulation of metallic mercury by several types of plants in the traditional gold processing area in the village of Gogore, Buru district. The plants that were sampled in this study were guava, lempuyang gajah, and harendong bulu. These three plant species were chosen because they dominate the vegetation in the gold processing area. The analysis results showed that the lempuyang gajah was the plant that accumulated the highest mercury metal, namely in the roots of 16.79 ppm and the leaves of 15.03 ppm. Guava plants accumulated metal mercury in the roots and leaves of 11.73 ppm and 9.90 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, harendong plants accumulated mercury in the roots and leaves of 2.59 ppm and 10.39 ppm, respectively. The BCF values ​​of guava, lempuyang gajah, and harendong bulu plants were 1.58, 0.41, and 0.39, respectively. Meanwhile, the TF values ​​of the three plants were 0.84, 0.89, and 4.01, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that the three plants can accumulate mercury in high enough concentrations, so these three types of plants are categorized as hyper tolerant plants and accumulators