Journal Of Natural Sciences And Mathematics Research
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Isolation of curcumin compounds in Temulawak Rhizome (Xanthorrhiza Roxb)
Full text linkThe curcumin compounds in Temulawak Rhizome have been isolated and identified.. This study aims to identify curcumin compounds in temulawak rhizome by modifying methods that pay attention to the efficiency of funds and the use of materials. In general, the method of isolation and identification is carried out. The methods used are (1) Extraction, (2) Thin Layer Chromatography, (3) Column Chromatography and (4) Infrared (IR) Testing. Based on comparing the sample's Retention Factor (RF) value with the standard curcumin compound, the results were identical, and the positive sample contained a curcumin compound. The results of the Infrared spectrum can be assumed that the sample is a flavanols group, which can be seen from the wavelength range of identical functional groups in curcumin compounds
Precipitated calcium oxide nanosize from limestone and blood clam shells
Full text linkCalcium oxide (CaO) is a product that is needed by various types of industries such as the pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural and health industries. CaO is generally produced by the calcination method of CaCO3 materials such as calcium carbonate rocks or from various types of shells. The calcination method requires a large amount of energy because the operating temperature is above 1000 C and the resulting calcium oxide product is still micrometer size. This study developed nanosize precipitated CaO from two calcium sources, namely blood clam shells and limestone. For clam shells using hydrochloric acid as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent, while for limestone using phosphoric acid as a solvent and potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The effect of acidity (pH) and calcination temperature on the characteristics of the precipitated CaO was observed. The blood calm shell produces precipitated CaO 85-92 % with a particle size of 200-250 Nm and the limestone produces precipitated CaO 42-66% with a particle size of 250-300 Nm
Formulation and analysis of physical properties of Turi leaf extract suspension (Sesbania grandiflora L.)
Full text linkSesbania Grandiflora .L is a type of plant that has so many benefits in the treatment of various kinds Diseases include laxatives, pain relievers (analgesics), fever reducers (antipyretic), laxative urine (diuretic), and others. Almost all parts of This plant belonging to the genus Sesbania Grandiflora is efficacious as a medicine covering the skin stems, flowers, leaves and roots. Sesbania Grandiflora .L contains alkaloid compounds, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenols which give a positive reaction in the phytochemical screening assay. Turi leaf extract need to be made in the form of pharmaceutical dosage forms for ease of use. One preparation that can be applied is a suspension.In this study, turi leaf extract was used as the active substance. The suspension was made in 3 formulas with different concentrations of turi leaf extract. The finished suspension was tested for physical characteristics including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, density test and viscosity test.Based on the results of secondary metabolite tests, turi leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Based on the results of testing the physical properties of the suspension, it showed that all formulas met SNI standards based on organoleptic, homogeneity, pH and density tests. while based on the viscosity test the suspension made does not meet SNI standards
Classification of types A and A_+ from low dimensional standard and non-standard filiform Lie Algebras
Full text linkIn this paper, we study low-dimensional Filiform Lie algebras. Specifically, three-dimensional standard Filiform Lie algebras and five-dimensional non-standard Filiform Lie algebras. The classification method was given in the following stage. For given a low-dimensional Filiform Lie algebra, we compute its second centre. We showed that three-dimensional Filiform Lie algebra-called Heisenberg Lie algebra-is type ???? and ????+ as well. On the other hand, for ????≥3, the standard Filiform Lie algebras are type ???? but not type ????+. In this case, we give a concrete example of case five-dimensional Heisenberg Lie algebra. Moreover, we proved that five-dimensional non-standard Filiform Lie algebra is type ???? but not type ????+. It is still an open problem to classify types ???? and ????+ for the general case of non-standard Filiform Lie algebra of dimension ≥6
Isolation and characterization of Bacteria in the ancient Javanese Pegon manuscript: “Layang Watu Gunung”
Full text linkThis research is one of the efforts and the first step in the preservation of historical ancient manuscripts with an interdisciplinary scientific approach. The Unity of Sciences involved in this research are historical science, archaeology, philology combined with natural sciences such as microbiology and biotechnology approaches. The ancient manuscript whose microorganisms were isolated and observed in this study is an ancient manuscript with Pegon letters titled "Layang Watu Gunung" which dates from the 19th century. Over time, microorganisms can contaminate the paper on the manuscript which can cause damage or biodeterioration. Efforts to preserve historical manuscripts can be started by identifying in advance what types of microorganisms are contaminating the manuscript. From the results of the study, it was found that the microorganisms that contaminate the Layang Watu Gunung Ancient Manuscript are types of bacteria and fungi. For bacteria, the results of the Gram staining test result for contaminant bacteria are Gram Negative Bacteria. This initial research will be the basis for further preservation efforts, the results will be more relevant to be analyzed, especially for other historical manuscripts that are in similar temperature and humidity conditions, namely on the island of Java
Early detection model of Parkinson's Disease using Random Forest Method on voice frequency data
Full text linkParkinson's disease is the most common nervous system disease that affects all ethnicities, genders, and ages, with a higher prevalence in the elderly and men. Developing countries tend to have higher cases of Parkinson's. The prevalence of death due to Parkinson's in Indonesia reaches the fifth highest cases in Asia and 12th in the world. This neurodegenerative disease affects a person's ability to control movement. Currently, the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is only based on observation of motor symptoms. Therefore, early detection of the disease cannot be done. His paper proposes an efficient way to detect Parkinson's disease symptoms by comparing the fundamental frequencies of patients' voices using the random forest method. Random forest is a Machine Learning method that applies the ensemble concept, which aims to improve the performance of the classification by combining several decision trees as a basis. Random forests have shown superior algorithm performance in numerous health studies. In this study, the dataset consisted of 20 patients with Parkinson's and 20 normal patients. Data for each patient was taken from 26 types of voice records, and thus, the total data was 1,040 observations. The obtained data is prepared by filtering and rescaling. Then, the data is split and modelled using the Random Forest Method. The random forest model obtained accuracy results of 72.50%, precision (normal) of 72.28%, precision (Parkinson's) of 72.73%, sensitivity (normal) of 73.00%, sensitivity (Parkinson's) of 72.00% and AUC is 80.70%. The built random forest model is quite good at Parkinson's disease detection
Antibacterial activity of actinomycetes associated with clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Full text linkActinomycetes form associations with plants through colonizing plant tissues (endophytes) or by residing in the soil around some plants' roots (rhizosphere). Actinomycetes are known to produce antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of actinomycetes associated with the clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Actinomycetes were isolated from clove plants and the rhizosphere, and their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated using the agar plug method, where the presence of transparent zones around 10-day-old actinomycete growth indicated inhibition of bacterial growth. Four isolates showed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, while only three isolates, B.4, T.3, and T.4, demonstrated inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, as indicated by the presence of inhibition zones. Isolate T.3 exhibited the highest inhibition zone of 8.5 mm against S. aureus, whereas B.4 displayed the highest inhibition zone of 7.7 mm against E. coli. In conclusion, the actinomycetes found in clove plants (Syzygium aromaticum) demonstrate antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, indicating their potential as antibacterial agents
Utilization of Nephelium lappaceum (Rambutan) waste as biosorbent for heavy metals and dyes: a review
Full text linkPollution of environmental streams and ecosystems is rising. One of the sources of water contamination is the wastewater from the textile, plastics, and mining sectors, which contains both organic and inorganic pollutants. Heavy metals and dyes in wastewater must be treated before disposal to protect the aquatic environment and human health. Due to its effectiveness, low cost, and simplicity of use, biosorption has emerged as a wastewater treatment option. Rambutan waste, in particular, is promising for commercial usage due to its extensive availability and efficiency. In this article, we review the usage of natural rambutan peels, seeds, leaves, and stems for the biosorption of water contaminants. We discuss the factors that influence pollutant removal. A pH of 6 to 12 is advantageous for cationic pollutant removal, whereas a pH of less than 5 is appropriate for anionic pollutant removal. More significant concentrations of pollutants generally result in lesser removal, whereas higher doses of biosorbent result in higher removal. The ideal adsorption contact time for rambutan peels and seeds was less than an hour. We also discuss the isotherms of the adsorption process
Scalar fields as dark matter candidates in the modified left-right symmetry model
Full text linkDark matter is about 25% of the universe, but its existence is still a mystery. The Modified Left-Right Symmetry Model with the extension of the scalar field, is expected to explain dark matter candidate. The dark matter candidates were analyzed using the Higgs Potential and Lagrangian Yukawa to obtain information on decay and scattering interactions. The generation of dark matter can be determined by analyzing the temperature evolution of the universe, which is divided into three stages post-inflation reheating, symmetry breaking first step, and symmetry breaking second step. The analysis results show that the right-sector scalar field can be Cold Dark Matter (CDM) candidate because it has non-relativistic characteristics, is stable, does not interact with fermions, and has an abundance of 0.004. The right-sector atom can also be a CDM candidate because it has non-relativistic characteristics, is neutral, and consists of the right nucleons and right electrons. The singlet scalar field can be the Warm Dark Matter (WDM) candidate because it can decay into fermion, interact in the left and right sectors, is neutrally charged and does not interact with other particles electromagnetically and has an abundance of 0.003. Thus, based on the modified left-right symmetry model, the particle that can be a candidate for dark matter is the scalar field
The tropical version of El Gamal Encryption
Full text linkIn this paper, we consider the new version of tropical cryptography protocol, i.e the tropical version of El Gamal encryption. We follow the ideas and modify the clasical El Gamal encryption using tropical matrices and matrix power in tropical algebra. Then we also provide a toy example for the reader’s understanding.