Journal Of Natural Sciences And Mathematics Research
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Prediction of seawater salinity based on comparison of truncated spline estimators, Fourier Series and Kernel
Full text linkSalinity is one of the factors that affect salt production. Salinity is defined as the level of saltiness or too much salt in water. The salt in question is a variety of ions dissolved in water, including table salt (NaCl). The higher the level of NaCl contained, the better the quality of the salt formed. This low quality causes Indonesia to import salt, both consumption salt and industrial salt. Because most of the quality of salt still does not meet the criteria of SNI. For this reason, it is necessary to predict the salinity of seawater to help determine the next steps or policies in improving the quality of salt in Indonesia, especially in the Madura area. This research is examined in the form of a nonparametric regression curve estimator with a truncated spline estimator approach, Fourier series and kernel. From the comparison results, the best model for predicting seawater salinity is the estimator of the Fourier series base sine cosine with an oscillation parameter (k) of 2 with a GCV value of 5.017987 and MSE and a coefficient of determination of 0.06299933 and 94.64373%. So the prediction results obtained in this study are close to accurate with MAPE values of 0.07225208%, MSE of 0.0001441417 and coefficient of determination of 99.99%
Geothermal potential analysis using 3d modeling of subsurface structures based on the Gravity Anomaly in the Mount Lawu area, Central Java
Full text linkOver time, energy needs will continue to increase. Dependence on the use of fossil energy results in the availability of such energy will run out at any time, so it is necessary to develop research on geothermal energy that is environmentally friendly and renewable. One of the Geothermal Work areas is on Mount Lawu, located at coordinates between 111°15' east longitude and 7°30' south latitude in several districts Central Java Province and East Java Province. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to geothermal potential using the gravity method by knowing the temperature of the area and the 3D modeling of subsurface structures. Based on the results of the Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) analysis, three normal faults were found in geothermal sources. The modeling results show that the residual anomaly map depicts a distribution of high anomalies ranging between 2 mGal up to 6.5 mGal scattered from North to South and East to West, suspected to be caused by lava rock intrusion. The results of the 3D inversion model show there are three layers, namely clay rock, which is suspected to be cap rock at a depth of 500 - 2500 m, pyroclastic lava rock, which is suspected to be as a reservoir at a depth of 3000 - 4500 m, and lava, which is suspected to be as a reservoir heat source at a depth of 5000 - 8000 m. Based on the map in Land Surface Temperature (LST) obtained the temperature value of Mount Lawu ranging from 3.14 °C - to 23.25 °C
Industrial wastewater treatment using venture injector type Micro-bubble aeration as a reduction of dissolved Iron (Fe2+) levels
Full text linkWater quality problems that are often encountered, especially by-product wastewater resulting from industrial processes that do not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standards. Iron levels in wastewater can cause the water to turn brownish yellow and produce an unpleasant odor, which of course has a big impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a treatment process to reduce the iron level in the water, ensuring that the water is safe when discharged into the environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the initial parameters of temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved iron (Fe2+) in industrial waste water and then wanted to know whether the venture injector type micro bubble aeration process was able to increase the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) and decrease the dissolved iron content (Fe2+) in wastewater and to know the micro bubble type aeration process Venture injectors are the best to use. The research was conducted with an experimental design using a completely randomized design (RAL) with two factors: air flow (2 LPM, 4 LPM, and 6 LPM) and aeration time (0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes), each with two repetitions. In the results of the initial parameter analysis, the pH value was 8.02 (alkaline), the temperature value was 28°C, the TDS value was 1548.3 mg/L, the TSS value was 291 mg/L, the DO value was 0.1 mg/L and dissolved iron (Fe2+) of 7.453 mg/L. After conducting research, it was found that the venture injector type micro bubble aeration process was able to increase the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) and reduce dissolved iron (Fe2+) in industrial waste water, the best increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) at 6 LPM air flow for 60 minutes was able to increase oxygen dissolved (DO) to 2.40 mg/L. The most efficient and effective reduction in the value of dissolved iron (Fe2+) at 6 LPM air flow with a time of 15 minutes was able to reduce the value of dissolved iron by 84.42%
Phytochemical screening analysis of Guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) against the content of Saponins, Tannins, and Flavonoids
Full text linkGuava is a plant with many benefits, especially in the leaves. There are many chemical compounds in guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.), such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Traditionally, Guava leaves have been used for a long time (Psidium guajava L.) as medicine to stop diarrhea, with its availability as an herbal product widely marketed. Using guava leaves as traditional medicine is made by boiling them and extracting them to remove chemical compounds, namely, Tannins found in the leaves. In addition to decoction, guava leaf extract can be obtained by maceration. Research that has been conducted aims to determine the content of saponin compounds, tannins and flavonoids in guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) using two extraction methods, namely maceration and boiling. The maceration method uses a technical ethanol solvent (96%), and boiling uses a water solvent. Then phytochemical screening is tested based on the color reagent of the compound. Based on the results of research that has been carried out shows that from both extraction methods, positive guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) contains saponin compounds, tannins, and flavonoids
Bioactivity mapping of secondary metabolite compounds of Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves as anti-inflammatory using in silico
No full textInflammation is one of the primary responses of the immune system to infection and irritation. Anti-inflammatory drugs generally cause side effects. Anti-inflammatory developed by reducing side effects use many natural materials such as plants. The parts of the plant used include fruits, leaves, stem bark, rhizomes, and flowers. One of the plants that can be used as an anti-inflammatory is Pandanus amaryllifolius. P. amaryllifolius leaves contain several materials, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and dyes. This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of the secondary metabolites of Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves using the in silico method. The research used a descriptive exploratory method and was conducted from December 2022 – January 2023. In silico mapping of the bioactivity of active compounds was carried out using several software or websites: knapsack database (www.knapsackfamily.com), NCBI PubChem database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), PASS Online Way 2 Drug (http://www.way2drug.com/passonline/) and ADME Swiss Analysis (http://www.swissadme.ch/). The result shows P. amarylifolius has 31 active compounds. The compounds were then analyzed using Pass Online with 18 anti-inflammatory parameters. It explained that 3 compounds met the rules for Pa values > 0.7, namely compounds 6E-Pandanamine (0.758), Pandamenyamine (0.735), and Pandamarilactone 1 (0.709). The results of pharmacokinetic tests using Lipinsk
Phytochemical analysis of secondary metabolite compounds of Pandanwangi leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
Full text linkThe majority of people use pandan as a dye, food fragrance, and natural medicine because it contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, and phenolics. Therefore, this research aims to explore the secondary metabolites of Pandanus amaryllifolius using qualitative and quantitative methods. The research begins by taking samples of pandan leaves, which are then extracted and tested qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative test results showed that pandan leaf extract contained flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins. In the quantitative test of pandan leaf phenolic compounds using a UV-Vis spectrometer with gallic acid concentrations of 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm, and 140 ppm, Based on the quantitative test, the total phenolic content of pandan extract is 114 mg/L
Identification of the Subsurface Structure of Geothermal Working Area of the Hamiding Mountain, North Maluku through Land Surface Temperature (LST) Data and Forward Modeling with the Gravity Method
Full text linkThe Mount Hamiding area has one of the largest geothermal potentials in Indonesia to be exploited. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of knowing the subsurface structure in the area using the gravity method. To correlate gravity data in order to obtain parameters to measure the increase in surface temperature using supporting data is land surface temperature. Derivative analysis and 2D modeling carried out by forward modeling is one method that can strengthen the geothermal potential in the area. Based on the Land Surface Temperature map, the temperature around the geothermal prospect area is 22 – 25 0C. The results of the derivative analysis show that the geothermal prospect of Mount Hamiding is controlled by two different faults, a fault due to the depression of the old Hamiding caldera and a local fault under the surface of Mount Dukono, which is confirmed as a reverse fault. While the 2D modeling identified the geothermal reservoir layer, which is estimated to have a density of 1.59 gr/cc and consists of a mixture of tuff and minor lava, where the contents of this reservoir are water dominant due to the relatively low-density value with a depth of -411 – (-1280) m, above the reservoir layer it is suspected that the tuff and clay insert layer has a density of 2.56 gr/cc with a depth of 310 – (-1280) m, and the covering layer which is presumed to be a clay cap layer has a density of 1.39 gr/cc with a depth of 870 – (-620). ©2022 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved
Complete purely algebraic proof of the homomorphism between SU(2) and SO(3) without concerning their topological properties
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to provide a complete purely algebraic proof of homo-morphism between SU (2) and SO(3) without concerning the topology of bothgroups. The proof is started by introducing a map ϕ : SU (2) → M L(3, C) de-fined as [ϕ(U )] i j ≡ 12 tr(σ i U σ j U † ). Firstly we proof that the map ϕ satisfies[ϕ(U 1 U 2 )] i j = [ϕ(U 1 )] i k [ϕ(U 2 )] k j , for every U 1 , U 2 ∈ SU (2). The next step is toshow that the collection of ϕ(U ) is having orthogonal property and every ϕ(U ) hasdeterminant of 1. After that, we proof that ϕ(I 2 ) = I 3 . Finally, to make sure thatϕ is indeed a homomorphism, not an isomorphism, we proof that ϕ(−U ) = ϕ(U ),∀U ∈ SU (2)
Fermion mass formulation in the Modified Left-Right Symmetry Model
Full text linkThe Modified Left Right Symmetry Model is an extension of the Standard Model. This model introduces left-handed neutrinos to the right sector and a doublet scalar field to the left sector. This model cannot yet explain the mass generation of fermions and neutrinos. This study is theoretical research using the literature review method. Generating the masses of fermions (quark up-down) and electrons through spontaneous symmetry breaking in Yukawa's Lagrangian term produces a particle mass in the left sector, the same as the calculations in the Standard Model. The masses of fermions (up-down quarks) and electrons for the right sector produced in this study are much more massive than those of fermions (up-down quarks) and the left sector. The neutrino masses produced in this study are by following the Seesaw Mechanism. That is, if one neutrino mass is massive, then the other neutrino masses will be light.©2022 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved
Anatomical Responses of Ajwa Dates Sprouts (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to Water Availability and light Intensity
Full text linkAs the biggest Moslem population in the world, Indonesia still has a high dependency on importing date palms from other countries. Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of special date palm cultivar which had cultivated since 5000 BC in arid climate area in Saudi Arabia. Adaptation and optimation of environmental factors for Ajwa dates cultivation in Indonesia are important to be conducted to meet the date palm demand of this country. A study on anatomical responses of Ajwa dates sprouts to water availability and light intensity has been conducted. Ajwa date sprouts had been exposed to combinations of three shade variations (0%, 50%, and 90% shade) and four water availability variations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the field capacity). Data were taken from day 0 until day 45 of germination. Morphological parameters which observed and analyzed were the leaf blade length and sprouts root length. Anatomical parameters which observed and analyzed were root radius, stele diameter, leaves numbers, leaves thickness, and stomatal diameter. Variations on water availability and light intensity gave the same effect (not significantly different) in almost every parameters which measured, therefore, the most optimal combination water-light treatment was still unknown. Advanced research and longer duration of experiment need to be conducted to gain the complete information regarding the optimization of environmental factors to increase the Ajwa date productivity in Indonesia