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The Attitude of The Tablighi Jamaat Toward Covid-19 Pandemic
Full text linkCovid-19 pandemic, which struck the world globally and rapidly, has caused significant fatalities. The government has implemented strict health protocols to suppress the spread of coronavirus. The reckless attitude of Tablighi Jamaat to hold “ijtima” amidst the massive spread of the virus is considered as an anomaly in preventing the Covid-19 pandemic and contradicts with the Fatwa of MUI (Indonesian Ulama Council) No. 14 of 2020 regarding the Implementation of Worship during Covid-19 Condition. This paper aims to find out the attitude of Tablighi Jamaat toward pandemic from the perspective of ḍarūrah (Naẓariyyat al-Ḍarūrah) theory by Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī. The writer gives a critical note of the arguments expressed by the Tablighi Jamaat and trying to show a more enlightening reconstruction of the fiqh (Islamic law) paradigm. The results of the study show that Tablighi Jamaat is a religious group that does not care about Covid-19. This attitude was triggered by the assumption that the existence of coronavirus is still in doubt. The doubt generates the understanding of fiqh that has not considered the corona issues as the ‘udhr category, which allows rukhṣah and abort the original law (‘aẓīmah), either in mashaqqah or ḍarūrah. The article assumes that the religious group’s narration that ignored the Covid-19 gives its members the feeling of peace and comfort, but it is counter-productive with the attempt to prevent the spread of Covid-19. It is necessary to reconstruct the fiqh paradigm to bring together science and religion, which is marked by the application of religious reasoning and sciences at the same time
Discourse on Occidentalism Studies in Indonesia from The Perspective of Mukti Ali
No full textIn the last few decades, religious studies have increasingly excited and attracted the attention of many scholars and groups. Those involved in religious studies are not only religious leaders and scientists in different fields but also politicians and policyholders in various circles. Religious studies is seen as an absolute necessity in the increasingly complex order of modern life. Many experts put their hopes on the intensification and extensification of religious studies in order to create a harmonious social life in this globalized world. In responding to the development of Western thought as a paradigm of religious studies, the concept of occidentalism is very important to be discussed. This article will focus on the discussion of occidentalism, specifically from the perspective of Mukti Ali who in the 1970s served as the Minister of Religious Affairs. As one of the influential figures in Islamic scholarship in Indonesia, he has contributed to the development and enlightenment of Islamic thought in Indonesia. This article argues that Ali’s concept of occidentalism represents the antithesis towards Western orientalism and the renewal of Islamic studies in Indonesia
Mukena in Madurese Social Life
No full textMukena is a well-known typical dress for Indonesian Muslim women in conducting prayers. Mukena is taken for granted as a daily routine dress that did not receive much attention from many people in a more in-depth study, so it needed to be highlighted to the field of research. This study aims to determine two sides, namely, the meaning of dress in religious social life as well as to find out the meaning of mukena for Madurese. This study uses qualitative field research method. The sources of data are obtained from interviews and literature studies confined to things that only have relevance to this research. Using purposive sampling, the informants taken in this study were Madurese Muslim women from both santri and non-santri groups. The results discovered in this study are that Madurese Muslim women interpret clothes, including; as a part of social ethics, as a cover of aurat as well as an affirmation of social identity in a community. The meaning of mukena for Madurese Muslim women includes the following; mukena as a cultural tradition, as a form of self-sacralization, and as an affirmation of identity for Muslim women
Modernization and Changes in Kiai-Santri Relations in Three Pesantrens in Java
Full text linkThis study focuses on analyzing the changing role of kiai and his influences in pesantren. The decline of kiai’s authority in pesantren, besides being resulted from the changing role of kiai, is caused by social changes outside pesantren. As a result, kiai, who initially served as the agent of change and political reference, is now experiencing some challenges. To analyze such conditions, this study carefully uses the concept of authority and the patron-client relationship between kiai and santri. In this case, the research is carried out in three pesantrens in Java; Pesantren Cidahu Pandeglang, Pesantren Husnul Khotimah Kuningan, and Pesantren Darul Ulum Jombang. Pesantren that has transformed into a modern institution tends to be more resilient, but the influence of kiai toward his santris starts to decrease. Meanwhile, pesantren that remains as a traditional institution has reduced in number, but the influence of kiai toward the santris is still strong. Thus, this study shows that the power of kiai toward santri in modern pesantren has decreased due to modernization and social changes
Belongingness to Canada: Synthesizing Canadianness and Muslimness among Newly Emergent Canadian Muslims
No full textThe recent statistic reveals the number of Canadian Muslims increases multifold in decades. It is predicted that the Canadian Muslim population will grow significantly. The demographic postures of varied Canadian Muslims offer several features requiring scholarly attention and action from all interested stakeholders to look into the situation. That is to evoke Canadianness among those newly emergent Canadian Muslims who came to Canada as immigrants or born here and grown-up as Muslim. When each boundary is negotiated, the spectrum of Muslimness and Canadian-ness is synthesized in the making. This ongoing situation demands particular action to nurture a sense of belongingness for newly emergent Canadian Muslims to protect and promote Canadian multicultural society amidst external and internal challenges such as Islamophobia and radicalism. Based on scoping reviews on selected pieces of literature, the idea of finding a new model or denomination of Islam in Canada is a convincing step to synthesize Canadianness and Muslimness, which reflect the empirical situation of newly emergent Muslims in Canada. The history of the first mosque built in Canada taught us how the synthesis can be practically applied, how flexible Islam can be genuinely promoted, and the lines of doctrine and cultural difference can be deliberately blurred. This ethos demonstrates compatibility with Canadian values of openness and respect for diversity
Pancasila and Transnational Ideology in the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Perspective
No full textThis article seeks to explore the importance of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as a theory to address the develop-ment of Islamic law in the contemporary world. Following the need to respond to modern challenges in Muslim society, the theory of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah needs to be worked out optimally so that the results of legal provisions do not shift from the primary objectives of the state and government formation. The fundamental goal is to create benefits for the nation and state. The trend of the emergence of nation-states with multi-ethnic, multi-racial, multi-cultural, even multi-religious populations demands the need for tools for sophisticated religious analysis such as the theory of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. In the context of a nation-state like Indonesia, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah can be used as a theoretical perspective to determine the legal standing of the debate about Pancasila and transnational ideology, which has recently been widely discussed in the community. Pancasila is an agreement of the Indonesian founding fathers to maintain the unity and integrity of the nation amidst the diversities. This article describes the role of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah in the study of the Islamic constitutional law, the dynamics of Islamic law, and the Pancasila as ideology of the state
Informal Economy and Peacebuilding Efforts among Muslim and Christian Communities during Communal Conflicts in Ambon
No full textCommunal conflicts that happened in Ambon, eastern part of Indonesia more than 20 years ago still reserve a lot of lessons to unveil. One of the least discussed issues is the roles of economic exchanges among diverse community members in bringing peace from below. This article tries to capture the interreligious interactions (Muslim and Christian) among buyers and sellers in areas considered as border space during the conflicts from 1999 to 2004. It showcases the intertwin of everyday peacebuilding efforts through trade and the spread of peace messages among those involved in the exchange practices. This research employed qualitative research methods using ethnographic strategy with in-depth interview, observation, and library study. Data was collected from 2016-2019 including 10-month intensive fieldwork. The article discusses that social networks and cultural ties embedded in the economic drivers of trade-related activities arguably set the foundation for everyday peacebuilding. In conclusion, economic transactions allowed interethnic, intervillage, and interreligious interactions to take place, eliminated distrust among the traders, and potentially extended peace message narratives at the micro level such as among family members
The Perpetuation of Identity and Symbolic Resistance of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia after the Official Disbandment in 2017
No full textThe Government of Indonesia has legally revoked the legal status of the Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) organization, yet thousands of HTI members have embraced strong group identities and systematic resistance strategies. This article reveals the effectiveness of the Government’s efforts and their impact on the sustainability or discontinuity of the HTI movement. Based on qualitative data extracted from field research in Gorontalo in 2018 and the theory of identity and resistance, this article reveals the collective identity of the HTI group, models of resistance, and change of space and strategy the members made after the disbandment of the organization. The official revocation has encouraged activists to take symbolic resistance through limited religious circles on campus and in villages, the use of various socio-religious activities in the community, and a door-to-door visit. The dominant narrative of the true meaning of Islam and the discipline of the five daily prayers has made this organization remains accepted in society even though it has been formally disbanded. The pattern of perpetuating ideology, narrative and organizational idealism is carried out through integrating or transforming other organizations; returning to the previous organization which is theologically not in conflict with HTI; applying HTI thoughts and ideology in the organizations they join currently; or leaving out formally from the HTI organization and operate HTI thoughts and ideology in individual life
Muḥammad Sayyid Ṭanṭāwī on Ijtihād: Concept and Typology
No full textThis study aimed at exploring the concept and the typology of ijtihād according to Muḥammad Sayyid Ṭanṭāwī. The concept was descriptively expressed while analyzing it using content analysis techniques with a comparative approach. Meanwhile, in scrutinizing the biography and ideas of Ṭanṭāwī, this study utilizes inductive methods and a socio-historical approach to look at his social and political circumstances that the interaction of a mujtahid with his socio-cultural or socio-political environments. The results of the study showed that ijtihād according to Ṭanṭāwī, is an outpouring of the maximum ability of a mujtahid to arrive at the sharī‘ah law by means of istinbāṭ of the sharī‘ah propositions. The area of ijtihād according to Ṭanṭāwī is on the ẓanniyyāt al-thubūt texts such as the Ḥadīth which is a lot of discussion of the Ḥadīth experts about its sanad, validity, weakness and so forth, or ẓanniyyāt al-dilālah, such as the Ḥadīth or the Qur’ān which includes more than one meaning based on the meaning of lughawī or fairness of sharī‘ah. In addition, the Ṭanṭāwī’s typology of ijtihād covers the moderate and middle ground group that pay much attention to maqāṣid sharī‘ah, naṣṣ, and human interests as long as it does not conflict with naṣṣ
Javanese-Mataraman Muslim Obedience towards Religious and State Leaders in Performing Friday Prayers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe Javanese-Mataraman Muslims have an ambiguous attitude in responding to government policies and religious leaders in carrying out Friday prayers during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic, symbolically obeying not to do it. However, in reality, they still carry out Friday prayers. This article aims to find out the attitude of the community in making decisions on Friday prayers. They usually have an accommodative attitude in responding to the pros and cons of life problems. This article uses mixed methods with a snowball sampling technique to make it easier to find out the community’s attitudes using the dramaturgy approach since it had information about the informants’ front stage and backstage. The results of this study explain that they have obedience in the front stage. In contrast to the backstage, they perform Friday prayers even though the state and religion prohibit it. The dramaturgy is related to the religious understanding of the Javanese-Mataraman community, hampered by the rigid interpretation of the fiqh of worship, not to the knowledge of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah