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Toleransi Keberagamaan Sekte Ibâdîyah Era Dinasti Rustamîyah
Get PDFSimilar to any theological sect, the Kharijite has split into many smaller groups. Usually all these groups were characterized as extreme factions who used violence in the pursuit of their purposes. However, the factual evidence proved that there was Ibadite which was considered as the most moderate group. The Ibadites tend to avoid? extreme behaviour. Due to their moderation, they successively ascended to power. The example of their remarkable achievement was the Rustamid Dynasty in Maghreb from 160-296H (776-909AD). As far as the research is concerned, unfortunately, there is no comprehensive records on the Rustamid accomplishment. The Rustamids reigned their plural society with different backgrounds in ethnicity, nationality, and religion. By doing so, the Rustamids could generate harmonious life in the entire territory under their government. Besides, the Rustamids have achieved an extraordinary civilization. The Rustamid tolerance was based on their ideology. The moderate Ibadite doctrine inspired the Rustamids to become tolerant to their various people. Actually, Indonesians with their diversity could also achieve high civilization such as what the Rustamid has achieved in terms of religious tolerance
Otentisitas Ḥadîth Mutawâtir dalam Teori Common Link G.H.A. Juynboll
Get PDFAlmost all Muslims agree that an authentic prophetic tradition (Ḥadîth) is that which comes directly from the Prophet. A tradition such as this like the Qurân is reliable in terms of its chain of narration and message. Hence, it brings legal and moral implication for the Muslims to apply in their daily life. In the science of prophetic tradition, such tradition is called darûrî, literally means compulsory in the sense that it necessitates Muslims to comply. Different sort of view however, is being introduced by an orientalist named G.H.A. Juynboll. He comes up with an entirely different view concerning an authentic prophetic tradition both in terms of its category and definition. He reckons that there is no such thing as an authentic prophetic tradition. Every prophetic tradition is vague, and falls therefore under the category of being inauthentic. This paper is interested in dealing critically with this controversial view by giving particular attention to four main issues; the issue of definition, criteria, the number of narrators, and the rationale of a prophetic tradition to be deemed authentic
Pendidikan Transformatif Menuju Masyarakat Demokratis
Get PDFThe basic argument that this paper tries to prove is that, education can be counter-productive to the most important value of humanity if it is run inappropriately. Given that value can be produced?in this modern time?by telecommunication and information technology, education cannot turn a blind eye on it. By implication, education cannot ignore modernity. It is this problem that this paper is concerned with. The paper is interested in discussing the idea of transformative education by relating it to many sources and factors of transformation. Modernity is certainly one of those. The paper?borrowing UNESCO?understands education as simply the learning to know, the learning to do, to be, and to live together. Consequently, education is all about adapting oneself to the environment in which he/she lives. It is in this context that education cannot escape modernity, for modernity has become the very part of human life and environment. And it is only through modernity?this paper argues?that education can be meaningful at least in democratic terms
Kontribusi Imam al-Rāfi'ī dan Imam al-Nawawī dalam Penataan Keragaman Pendapat Hukum Mazhab Shāfi'ī
Get PDFThe diversity of legal opinions in the Shāfi'ī school of thought (madhhab), in the form of old opinion (qawl qadīm) and new opinion (qawl jadīd) and the ijtihād activities that pertained to some centuries after the passing away of al-Shāfi'ī, has brought this madhhab into encounter with serious problems in selecting the law. In such a situation, al-Rāfi'ī and al-Nawawī came into the fore as muharrir (selector) to cope with this uncertainty. This research tries to analyze all scientific activities of the two scholars using the theory of tarjīh. This research found out that they attempted to establish a legal certainty in the Shāfi'ī school of law through the making of new mixed system of tarjīh to ensure which opinions deserve to be regarded as valid from the viewpoint of Shāfi'ī madhhab. This achievement contributes to the enrichment of Shāfi'ī madhhab as a legal school consisting of a great variety of legal opinions that equips itself with procedures of selection used as norms of everyday life
Pengaruh Ikhtilâf al-Ḥadîth terhadap Penalaran Hukum Islam
Get PDFDifference of opinion is highly respected in Islam. The Prophet of Islam is even reported to have said that, difference of opinion is divine providence?. This paper tackles this issue particularly within the science of prophetic tradition, and relates it to the way Muslim legalists develop the logics of law. The paper first argues that difference of opinion is not only natural but also needed in legal and social life. It is also viewed in terms of social conflict a requirement for a social integration. The paper speaks of the two sources of Islam?the Quran and the prophetic tradition?as supportive of this difference of opinion and shows that the prophet, his companions, and closest followers are all involved in debate stemmed from their difference of opinion. This difference is the natural consequence of the difference in the level of understanding, different language, culture, way of thinking, custom, and the extent to which the companions are in engaged in the activities of the prophet
Isu Lingkungan dalam Perspektif Kalam, Fiqh, dan Tasawuf
Get PDFThere is no doubt that the problem of environment has become the most formidable issue faced by human being in the modern history. The danger imposed by the environmental crisis is much greater than the danger of any forms of war. This crisis has thus become the greatest enemy of humanity. The level and extent of the danger requires equally a great effort to address and tackle it. It is here that this paper tries to contribute. It attempts to offer an Islamic perspective of environment and its conservation. The paper is convinced that Islam is rich with perspectives on this issue. It therefore, introduces the many theories and views on environment that the sciences of Islam have spoken about. It brings into discussion the view of the science of theology (kalam), jurisprudence (fiqh) and sufism ?(tasawuf) on environment. Each of these sciences is discussed in relation to the others, as well as in the context of what the paper calls fiqh lingkungan (the jurisprudence of environment). The idea that underlines the paper is thatthese sciences are?generally speaking?concerned with the idea of personal and collective responsibility; an idea that already has a direct relevance to the problem of environment
Dinamika Pesantren Nahdlatul Wathan dalam Perspektif Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Modal
Get PDFThis article speaks of the dynamics of the Nahdlatul Wathan Pesantren by analyzing its spiritual, social and cultural capitals. The complex nature of the relationship between one capital and another and how this relationship has become the source of the physical and academic development, is in itself an interesting issue to explore. But the Pesantren is not only the product of this relationship. It is also the product of the system that its leaders have built. The paper tries to analyze these dynamics and the changes it has gone through by employing the social, capital and educational theories. To arrive at the objective conclusion, the paper treats the Pesantren as a social system in which triadic relationship between structure, ideology, and culture is found. As a social system, the Pesantren has also to consider the external forces which it is certainly part of. But it is exactly here that the Pesantren?and any social system in that matter?will find itself in a serious dilemma. How the Pesantren will deal with the external forces will be also the issue that the paper is interested to discuss, albeit briefly
Demokrasi Perspektif Hizbut Tahrir versus Religious Mardomsalari ala Muslim Iran
No full textIn general, Muslim responses to democracy are threefold. The first is the Muslim group which accepts without reserve the concept of democracy. This group appreciates the discourse of democracy as such without any criticism. The second is the Muslim group which accepts democracy with criticism. This group tries to elaborate democracy which is in line with culture, tradition and religion in a particular country. This group rejects to be dictated by the Western model of democracy. The third is the Muslim group which rejects democracy. This group regards democracy as the source of evil and crimes. One that belongs to the third group is Hizbut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). According to HTI, democracy is evil, incompatible with Islam. For this reason, this articles focuses on, first, the factors which lead HTI to reject democracy; second, the reason or Islamic legal construct developed by HTI to reject democracy; and third, religious mardomsalari (religious democracy) practiced in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study is a qualitative research based on the study of texts
Pandangan Ulama Konservatif dan Ulama Progresif tentang Tafsir Ayat Lâ Ikrâh fî al-Dîn
No full textThe verse Lâ Ikrâh fî al-Dîn has been one of the most contested verses with regard to its meaning and definition by the ulama (religious scholars) from the past to the present. Basing on this verse, progressive ulama maintain that the idea of freedom of religion introduced by modern society does not contradict the Qurân. For them, freedom of religion includes not only freedom to convert to Islam, but also freedom to convert from Islam. This view is rejected by conservative ulama who argue that the meaning of the verse contains only freedom to convert to Islam, not to convert from Islam. If non-Muslims are free to convert to Islam, Muslims are not allowed to convert from Islam. Moreover, there are many ulama who argue that the verse has been abrogated by other tens of verses which enjoin to fight against infidels and polytheists. After the revelation of verses of war? in the Qurân, the verse Lâ Ikrâh fî al-Dîn becomes no longer legally binding
Egalitarianisme Fiqh Mu'amalah dalam Sistem Ekonomi Islam
Get PDFThis paper tries to explore the fact that transaction constitutes the most important aspect of Islamic jurisprudence, commonly called fiqh. The paper tries to deal with this aspect in terms of the legal thought of Islam and relates it with the modern concept of egalitarianism. It argues that although egalitarianism becomes the most important value in the legal thought of Islam?as it is clear in the concept of transaction?the tension toward establishing this value has not been easy. This paper hence, does not deal merely with the normative aspect of the value, but also the history behind its establishment. In a way, the paper understands that both the concept of transaction in Islamic legal thought and the concept of egalitarianism share common grounds in that both are about equality, justice, right and obligation. Equality is strongly upheld in Islamic legal thoughts so much so that it is considered as the most driving legal concept in Islamic economics. Hence, the paper partly argues that the characteristic of Islamic economics is equality, nothing else