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Gagasan Pendidikan Muhammadiyah dan NU sebagai Potret Pendidikan Islam Moderat di Indonesia
No full textThis article deals with the educational ideas of Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama as representing the portrait of moderate Islamic education in Indonesia. The problems addressed includes whether both organizations have certain moderate ideas regarding education to seed their moderate character. Using actual philosophy approach, this study reveals that educational institutions of Muhammadiyah are characterized by a special subject matter called Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan. With the concept of objective identity of Muhammadiyah?s education, this subject matter is designed to be an instrument for Muhammadiyah to seed the moderate character of its students. Meanwhile, NU?s educational institutions are characterized by subject matter called Aswaja dan Ke-NU-an. Through the concept of SNP-Plus, this institution serves as an instrument for NU to seed the character of moderate Islam. Both organizations therefore share the same ideas to strengthen a moderate Islamic education in Indonesia on the basis of their own cultural traditions
Determinasi Eksistensial Pemikiran Hukum Islam Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na`im
No full textThis article deals with the Islamic legal thought of Abdullahi Ahmed an-Naim from the sociology of knowledge approach. According to this approach, knowledge (including religious interpretation and practices) is sociologically, economically and politically determined. This article aims to understand how an-Naim's Islamic legal thought is determined by his existence within social reality. This article concludes that an-Naim's thought is determined by (1) socio-political and legal reality in Sudan, (2) Mahmoud Mohamed Taha who influenced his ideas, (3) British milieu, and (4) American environment which is politically secular, Islamo-phobic, racist, discriminative and intolerant towards Afro-Americans. The maturity of an-Na?im?s thought is particularly influenced by the history of British colonialism in Sudan and his academic training in England, a place where human rights discourse develops as the result of post-enlightenment humanism and some major revolutions in Europe
Memahami Maslahat Menggunakan Pendekatan Filsafat Utilitarianisme Menurut Muhammad Abû Zahrah
Get PDFThis paper seeks to describe the efforts of Abû Zahrah in making the philosophy of utilitarianism as a means of understanding the concept of maslahah mursalah in legal reasoning. In Zahrah?s view, the principle of utilitarianism can be taken into account as a guide to understand and apply the concept of maslahah. Zahrah goes on to argue that maslahah can be applied quantitatively using the hedonic calculus as a tool of measurement. Zahrah defines maslahah as an action that is valued as having the greatest benefit for the majority of people in the long term. In his opinion, there are seven factors that determine the level of satisfaction and pain resulted from an action, namely intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, and extent. The calculation will produce positive balance if the credit (satisfaction) is much greater than the debt (pain). This calculus, according to Zahrah, can be applied to measure the benefit and loss in the discourses of maslahah mursalah
Maqâṣid al-Qur'ân dan Deradikalisasi Penafsiran dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan
No full textThis article deals with the viewpoint that the reading of the Qur'ân by a certain generation is subject to criticism by the following generation. The article seeks to offer, as an example, the deradicalization of interpreting the so-called ?radical? verses of the Qur'ân in Indonesian context. Islam in Indonesia always interact with various races, ethnicities, religions and beliefs, and therefore requires a type of exegesis different from other regions such as the Middle East. For the radicalization of interpretation, this article offers what is called the maqâṣid al-Qur'ân as its parameter. The maqaṣid al-Qur'ân consists of seven points: 1) Hifz al-dîn wa tatwîr wasâilih, 2) Hifz al-nafs wa tatwîruh?, 3) Hifz al-``aql wa tatwîruh, 4) Hifz al-mâl wa tanmîyat was?ilih, 5) Hifz al-ird wa tatwîr al-wasâil li al-husûl alayh, 6) Taḥqîq al-ḥuqûq al-insânîyah wa mâ yandarij tahtahû, 7) Hifz al-??lam wa ?im?ratuh?. As spirit and parameter, the maqâsid al-Qur'ân necessitates the dialectics of dynamic interpretation without any judgment of infidelity or heresy. If a certain reading of the Qurânic verses deviates from these seven maqâsid al-Qur'ân above, it deserves to be examined further, but not to be immediately suppressed
Tinjauan Perspektif Intelegensia Muslim terhadap Genealogi Kelas Menengah Muslim di Indonesia
No full textThis article aims to analyze genealogies of Muslim middle class in Indonesia. It can be traced from three primary sources such as bourgeoisies, pilgrimage trip (h}ajj) to Mecca and Medina, and education. These three sources have intertwined each other to build up Muslim middle class in social strata system that branch off in two model; bourguoises class and intellectual class. In this section, bourguoises tends to form trade alliance against Chinese domaniance and western traders who had been given privilieges from colonial regime. Meanwhile, intellectual class had focused to form ideal state for umat in Indonesia. Both classes are united altogether to form Islamic state as ultimate goals. High tension of political constellation in post colonial period had resulted in nationalist group as regulator class in Indonesia. Regarding political negotiation from nationalist, Indonesian Muslim middle class focused to establish Muslim society according to Medinan principles. Modern influence based on western style has affected Islamic values in grass roots level, and this resulted in the rise of modern Muslim society that embraced western style of life
Eklektisisme dalam Taqnīn Hukum Keluarga di Dunia Islam
Get PDFThe Qur'ān was revealed with justice and equality for human beings regardless of their sex, race, social class, and ethnicity, as cardinal principles and intrinsic values in Islamic sharī'ah. If this is the case, modern Muslim society with Islamic law is necessarily of equality and justice. However, their family laws which are grounded on assumptions of past centuries and have little bearing on contemporary realities have not reflected gender relations. Inequality that occurs within the context of Muslim family laws is one of the subtle but most pervasive areas of discrimination against women. It has resulted in a different set of dynamics that help create new demands in favor of change of laws. This study explores the reform strategy through legal mobilization in the Muslim family laws around the world. The findings of the study reveal that the substantive and pluralistic legal mobilization is important to Muslims, and the reinterpretation and renewal of laws have been mobilizing debates among both proponents and opponents, framed by orientations to the modernists who advocate reinterpretation of the original sources and the traditionalists who insist on literal adherence to the received doctrinal corpus
Membendung Arus Radikalisasi di Indonesia
Get PDFThis paper seeks to examine religious phenomena in the Islamic community in Indonesia which have undergone significant changes since the fall of the New Order regime in 1998. One of the significant changes that drew the attention of some observers is the proliferation of various religious groups that carry radical ideologies. The presence of radical Islamic groups or organizations is never static, but continues to develop in line with the dynamics of the country and global environment. These developments invite public concern and anxiety because the radical Islamic organizations often spread terror, both to civilians and to the perpetrators alike. Is the development of radical Islamic organizations can be dammed? This paper offers education as one of the institutions that can be optimized to promote what is called de-radicalization. The educational institutions mainly run by Muslims are expected to perform these roles in cooperation with other institutions in order to present the face of Islam in Indonesia that is friendly, tolerant, moderate, but still has dignity in the eyes of the world
Kritik terhadap Pemikiran Aḥmad Khalâf Allâh tentang Kisah dalam al-Qurân
Get PDFThere have been many methods and ways to understand the message of the stories narrated in the Qurân, one of which being that which is introduced by the contemporary Muslim scholar named Aḥmad Khalâf Allâh. He is a specialist in the science of the story of the Qurân, as it were. This paper deals with this man and his new approach in understanding such story. It highlights the background of the man and the intellectual environment that forced him to offer his new approach. Speaking of stories in the Qurân as works of arts rather than as history, the man is considered unique in his own right. The paper slightly compares him to other scientists such as Muhammad Abduh, Fakr al-Dîn al-R?zî and al-Naysâbûrî and found that his approach is capable of addressing many problematic issues in the Qurân as far as stories are concerned, such as (1) the problem of inconsistence in the narration of the stories, (2) the notion of freedom of expression in the Qurân, and (3) the fact that the Qurân does entertain the idea of myth (asâtîr). The paper dwells into these three issues
Tipologi Nalar Fiqh Wakaf dalam Baḥth al-Masâil NU
Get PDFMany argued that the NU discourse concerning the idea of endowment is rather static and textual. This can be seen particularly from the so-called Baḥth al-Masâil, the discussion forum being held regularly by the NU to address various legal issues faced by the community. The forum often comes to no veil. Since 1998 however, the younger generation of the NU initiated the idea of reading the classical thought in contextual terms. This paper addresses this issue by mapping out the typology of NU thinking particularly regarding the notion of endowment. This typology is drawn up from the Baḥth al-Masâil being held from 1926-2006, and found that there are at least four types of thinking within the organization. First, the restrictivetextual thinking, which looks at the issue of endowment by referring to the Shafiite classical works; second, the electivetextual thinking, which tends to select the most preferable view on a particular issue of endowment; and third, progressive-contextual thinking, which tends to employ the method of collective ijtihâd. The paper discusses these three variants by explaining their characteristics and development
Kebangkitan Tarekat Kota
No full textThis article tries to analyze the revival of mystical order (tarekat) in urban areas. Experiences reveal that the development of mystical orders in the Muslim world is not free from criticism, either from the insiders or the outsiders. However, mystical orders still exist, and this fact is characterized by the development of different mystical groups in various cities. Political, social and economic factors influence the fluctuation of mystical orders. This article argues that in a number of countries and in Indonesia, the mystical orders have contributed significantly to the socio-religious life of Muslims. The mystical orders become stronger as they are supported by the involvement of middle class group, media publication, and internal strength embedded in the very tradition of mystical orders. The influx of middle class Muslims to the networks of tarekat brings the fresh wind of change since their engagement provides the internal dynamic of tarekat which encounters external influences on the one hand, and the continuing drive to develop on the other