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Living Ḥadîth Wakaf Menurut Ulama Tradisional dan Modern di Gresik
No full textThis article focuses on the meanings of had?th on waqf according to traditionalist and modern ulama in Gresik, East Java. The signification of Ḥadîth related to religious benefaction (waqf) certainly has various aspects in terms of the social and cultural contexts of the Prophetic traditions. Ḥadîth on waqf has been subject of different meanings reconstruction among Muslim jurists in contemporary context. According to tradisionalist ulama, waqf can be meant as sadaqah jâriyah. They maintain that waqf is turning over properties which have the value of benefit to administrators of waqf who are responsible to maintain the original form of properties. Meanwhile, modern ?ulama argue that waqf is turning over the ?existing? property either eternally or temporally to be used directly and its benefit can be taken continously for the sake of common good or public interest. Waqf is sadaqah jâriyah, the reward of which flows continously. The meaning of ?existing? is that the age of submitted property is determined by its economic value, or as it is written in the statement of waqf. Different meanings of waqf according to traditionalist and modern ?ulama are influenced by their educational backgrounds
Signifikansi Maqâṣid al-Sharîah sebagai Kerangka Berpikir Epistemik Ijtihad
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the importance of maqâṣid al-sharîah for the effectiveness of ijtihad in Islamic law. The emergence of controversies at the beginning of the tenth century AD on the issue of the closing of the gate of ijtih?d has resulted in the rigidity of Islamic law and its methodological framework. Along with these issues, some contemporary scholars on maqâṣid agreed that al-sharîah law (al-Qurân) consists of partial (juzîyât) and universal values (kullîyyât) that should be understood through a holistic approach in the frameworks of maq?sid. Shift in the meaning and orientation of maqâṣid al-sharîah in some contemporary Muslim scholars? views, involving social sciences, philosophy of law, principles of morality, universality, social justice, human dignity, human rights, is a concrete manifestation of how Islamic law is able to provide answers to the current problems faced by the Muslim and non-Muslims community. This awareness has made contemporary Muslim thinkers strive to bring Islamic law into various achievements of progress in many aspects of life by emphasizing the importance of maqâṣid al-sharîah
Ideologi dan Epistemologi Kitab Tuḥfat al-Râghibîn Karya Muhammad Arshad al-Banjari
Get PDFTuhfat al-Râghibîn is the first book of theology for Banjarese besides the book of Usûl al-Dîn. This book focuses not on the area of surface-structure (outer aspects) but particularly on the deep-structure area (inner aspects). The deep-structure study will help interpret the meaning of the book in its relation to the historical, social, and political context. This paper will explore the deep-structure area which consists of two problems, namely the ideology and the epistemology of Tuhfat al-Râghibîn. This study concludes that the ideology of the book is Sunn?, and the epistemology of the book is bayânî. It is based on an analysis that the source of the book is text (nass), its method is qiyâs and ijtihâd, and the rational argument in the book is used as a means of justification, although it still maintains a balance between revelation and rationalism. In addition, the type of argument is defensive-apologetic, the validity of its argument is the conformity of text to the reality, while the basic principle is infisâl (discontinuance) and tajwîz (permissiveness)
Perbedaan Sikap Keberagamaan Antara Masyarakat Islam dan Kristiani di Sumatera Utara dan Frankfurt Am Main Jerman
No full textThis article seeks to reveal differences of religious attitudes between Muslim and Christian communities in North Sumatera and Frankfurt Am Main Germany. This article shows that the relation between Muslims and Christians can be understood to have taken place in two categories, positive and negative. Positive relation can be attested through integrating factors between the two religious communities, while negative relation can be attested through separating factors. In North Sumatera there exist local wisdoms which serve as adhesive factors of Muslim-Christian relation, such as the concept of ?marga? among Batakese society. Meanwhile, pig either as food or as pet is regarded as a dividing factor together with fanaticism and exclusivism. In Germany, as majority group the Christians are tolerant towards Muslims due to the rule of law in the country. This tolerance becomes an adhesive factor, while mutual suspicion among both Muslims and Christians is raeagrded as dividing factor
Dakwah Multikultural Pesantren Ngalah dalam Meredam Radikalisme Agama
Get PDFThe emergence of radical ideology and violent movement that employ terror as a means to achieve goals has become prevalent in today?s life. This has been the subject matter widely discussed by a great deal of scholars, Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Among Muslims themselves, such a phenomenon raises anxieties. If this is not taken care of appropriately, it will have a negative impact on humanity, particularly Muslims who live in Muslim minority countries where Islamophobia is widespread. Along with this, pesantren as one of the oldest Muslim institutions of learning has a significant role in eliminating radicalism and terrorism in the name of religion. As far as the writer is concerned, efforts at dealing with radicalism have not been conducted seriously, although some pesantren have taken part in such projects. This paper tries to offer an alternative solution to eradicate religious radicalism and terrorism based on the experiences of Pesantren Ngalah by implementing the strategy of multicultural learning
Dinamika Kemunculan dan Persinggungan Paradigmatik Tasawuf al-Ḥârith al-Muḥâsibî
Get PDFThis paper tries to expose critically and analitically the historical dimension of tasawuf as far as its epistemological development is concerned. It argues that as a system of knowledge, tasawuf constitutes part and parcel of the larger Islamic epistemological system and shares with other forms of knowledge in its historical dimension. By referring in particular to the evolution of sufistic ideas in its early period as represented by the thought of al-Ḥârith al-Muḥâsibî, the paper tries to show that tasawuf cannot be discussed in isolation from such knowledge as fiqh, kalam, and philosophy. All these are related to one another historically and may be understood as influencing each other in such a way that they?at some level?share the same epistemological roots. The paper, however, is not very much concerned with this similarity, as much as it is interested in finding out the dynamic tension between tasawuf and other forms of knowledge; tension that inevitably contributed in the very development and progress of this spiritual dimension of Islam
Optimalisasi Intermediasi dan Pembiayaan BMT Menuju Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat
No full textThis article seeks to discuss the economic empowerment of society through the optimalization of BMT?s function of intermediating and financing. Using a descriptive and qualitative approach, this article reveals that the success of economic empowerment should be supported by strategy, tactics and stepping. The program should also be implemented through segmentation and training of clients, providing human resources that understand the vision and mission of empowerment, optimizing BMT?s function of intermediating, and providing a coordinated tool of saving. Intermediation is conducted through developing economic potentials of Muslim community (ummah), improving the quality of human resources, mobilizing societal resources, bridging the relation between the rich and the poor and between the fund owners and users, coaching and balancing in terms of financial support
Aplikasi al-Qawâid al-Fiqhîyah sebagai Nalar Deduktif dalam IstinbâṠHukum Islam
Get PDFThis paper discusses the application of al-qawâid al-fiqhîyah (legal principles) as deductive reason in legal reasoning through usûl al-fiqh approach. This paper seeks to answer a problem of how deductive reason using al-qawâid al-fiqhîyah is regarded as the source of Islamic law in the perspective of classical and contemporary religious scholars (ulama). Basing mainly on the legal approach, this paper argues that not all ulama are familiar with, and therefore, employ al-qawâid al-fiqhîyah in the making of Islamic legal opinion. This study concludes that the views of classical and contemporary ?ulama on this issue can be classified into three groups: a) those who categorically reject legal principles as direct reference of Islamic legal reasoning; b) those who permit the use of legal principles as evidence or reference in legal reasoning; and c) those in the middle position, permitting the use of legal principles as reference on the condition that this principle should be derived from the primary source of Islamic law (al-Qurân and Sunnah), not from the legal thought of jurists
Religiositas sebagai Moderating Variabel Perilaku Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Muslim
Get PDFThe main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the religiosity variable as a moderating variable towards the influence of the future income and wealth expectation on stimulating the consumption behavior, and future prospects. The research design used in this study is a survey method. This study is based on the primary data obtained from the respondents in the field observation. The analysis tool is quantitative. In order to answer the research objectives and hypotheses, the study uses multiple regression analysis. To view the suitability of the multiple regression equation model used, a statistical test and classical assumption test are conducted. The analysis indicates that the religiosity variable influences the variable determining consumption. The variable of expected income, an expectation of liquid wealth one period ahead, affects current consumption, which is driven by religiosity. There is a new aspect of this study that is not found in the previous studies, i.e. that the religiosity variable becomes the moderating variable of the variables of income and liquid wealth expectations of future periods, which influence the current consumption behavior. It means that of the variables investigated and concluded so far as those determining consumptions behavior, there is another variable, namely religiosity, which has a more dominant effect in determining consumption behavior
Metodologi Hukum Islam Abd al-Ḥalīm Maḥmūd
No full textThis article discusses the concept of ijtihād (legal reasoning) and the typology of legal thought of Abd al-Ḥalīm Maḥmūd. According to Maḥmūd, ijtihad is devoting all abilities of a mujtahid to arrive at the essence and substance of a problem intended by the Prophet Muhammad. This definition is supported by the division of ijtihād into two: ijtihād istinbāṭī, the object of which is the texts of the Qur'ān or the Sunnah, and ijtihād taṭbīqī, the object of which is legal problems of the time. Mahmud maintains that a mujtahid should meet certain qualifications such as the abilities of understanding Arabic language, memorizing the Qur'ān, understanding asbāb al-nuzūl (causes of revelation), memorizing the Traditions of the Prophet related to legal matters, and the brilliance in making legal reasoning and conclusions. Maḥmūd belongs to moderate group that agrees with the formalization of private laws, while public laws in his view serve only as materials for national laws. Maḥmūd also gives an emphasis on the integration between naṣṣ (text) and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah (the objectives of law)