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院内看護研究の指導過程における研究的視点の啓発と支援
Get PDFapplication/pdf筆者がかかわったH病院の平成14年度から平成17年度までの看護研究の19事例を対象に,看護研究計画書作成段階での課題と指導内容・指導方法や看護研究の成果の活用について整理・分析した.看護研究計画書作成段階では,研究動機を研究テーマに活かせない,用語の定義や概念枠組みが明瞭にならないといった研究課題を導いていくまでの思考の道筋の理解が不十分であるので,研究計画書作成の初期で,文献検討や予備研究などによって得られた知見を指導すると解決されやすいことがわかった.研究成果の活用では,感染予防の4例,患者教育や自己管理支援の4例,家族ケアの2例,看護管理の2例など,看護ケアの質の向上となるものであった.また,19例中9例の看護研究が院外の学会に発表されていた,これらの研究活動との関わりを通して,筆者自身も臨床での今日的課題を再認識することができた.departmental bulletin pape
間接伝論的論理学第2部・注釈部(その9)
Get PDFapplication/pdfZusammenfassung: Diese Abhandlung soIl als Anmerkungen für die mittelbaremitteilungstheoretische Logik genommen werden. Ich möchte in dieser Abhandlung besonders einen wichtigen philosophischen Begriff, Unmittelbarkeit erortern. Die Antwort auf die Frage, was die Unmittelbarkeit sei, wird vom Standpunkt der mittelbare-mitteilungstheoretischen Logik aus gegeben. Die Unmittelbarkeit stammt aus dem Mittelbaren. Aber das Mittelbare, worin die Unmittelbarkeit anfäng-lich entsteht, ist nicht nur die mittelbare, sondern die mittelbar mitteilende Sache. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Unmittelbarkeit und dem mittelbar Mitteilenden muβ in dieser Anmerkung erlautert werden. Ich möchte ferner hier den Zusammenhang ihrer in Rucksicht auf die Geschichte der Philosophie verstehen.departmental bulletin pape
女子短期大学における骨密度と生活習慣の関連
Get PDFapplication/pdf高齢化社会を迎え,骨粗髭症が社会的に問題視されている.そこで骨密度と生活習慣の関係を明らかにするために,骨密度の測定ならびに生活習慣に関するアンケート調査を行った.対象者は飯田女子短期大学生133名である.本調査結果では,原発性骨粗鬆症の診断基準^からすると,対象者の100%が正常の範囲であった.身体計測値と骨密度は,体重,BMI,体脂肪率についていずれも有意な相関がみられた.(p>0.01)中学生時代に運動習慣のあった群は,運動習慣のなかった群に比べて有意に骨密度が高かった.(p<0.05)小学生時代,中学生時代,高校生時代,現在にかけて継続して牛乳を飲み続けた群と全く牛乳を飲まなかった群とでは,飲み続けた群の方が,骨密度が有意に高い値となった.(p<0.01)朝食の欠食状況と骨密度については,朝食欠食なし群の方が,過5回以上朝食欠食あり群と比較して有意に高い値であった.(p<0.01)高齢になってからもQOLの高い生活を維持し,健康的な生活を送るためには,骨粗鬆症の予防が大切である.そのためには発育期から若年期にかけての食や運動などの生活習慣を確立させ,獲得最大骨量をなるべく大きくする方向に指導していく事が必要だと思われる.departmental bulletin pape
新聞記事を媒体とした社会への関心とリテラシーの啓発
Get PDFapplication/pdf教養講座Iを受講している1年生58名(93.5%)を対象に,新聞記事を媒体とした社会への関心とリテラシーの現状を明らかにすることを目的に研究に取り組んだ.学生から提出されたレポート内容を分析した結果①KJ法で分類した結果156データであった.②新聞社は地方紙が約6割で全国紙より多かった.③記事の掲載場所はニュースが最も多く,コラム,社説,投書,その他の順であった.④ジャンルは社会に関するものが最も多く,次いで保健・医療・福祉,地域の順であった.⑤学生の学びの特徴は様々な記事に巨を通すことができた,新聞によって情報が理解できた,多種類の新聞を読むなど新聞を活用する意義を感じ取っていた.⑥保健・医療・福祉及び環境問題という身近な出来事に興味・関心を示し,自分の意見を述べ,分析・考察するといった問題解決手法を用いていた.今後は,新聞を媒体とした学習機会をどの様に取り入れるか課題となった.departmental bulletin pape
特別養護老人ホームにおける口腔ケア
Get PDFapplication/pdf介護保険制度の改正の柱として,口腔ケアに対する関心は高まりを見せている.長寿社会を迎え,ロから食べることが見直され,ロ腔が生命維持のために重要な役割があるといわれるようになり,さらには高齢者の生活の質(QOL)にまで影響を与えると考えられている.このことについては,歯科医師をはじめ多職種が,さまざまな研究や取り組みを始めている.口腔ケアは,専門職による専門的ケアと,本人や家族あるいは介護職等の介護者による日常的な口腔ケアとに大別される.介護現場の実践の中では,特に介護・看護職による日常的な口腔ケアが果たす役割が大きいと考えられるが,現実的には十分な口腔ケアが行われてはおらず,その原因として介護業務多忙により,口腔ケアまでは手が回らないと言われている.本研究は,特別養護老人ホームA施設における口腔ケアの実態とそのケアに携わる職員の意識を調査し,特別養護老人ホームにおける口腔ケアの実践について課題を明らかにしていくこととした.調査の結果A施設において口腔ケアが実施できない背景には,業務多忙よりも,本人の拒否による場合が多く,認知症のある高齢者にその傾向が多く見られた.また,口腔ケアに関する職員の意識は比較的高いが,実践に必要な知識不足が職員の不安につながっていることも明らかになった.職員が取得している資格も多様であり,その専門性を高めるためには,継続的な職場研修が必要であることが示された.departmental bulletin pape
運動能力,運動に対する興味・感情の観点から検討した幼児の運動有能感の特徴
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe purpose of this study was to examine preschool children's intrinsic exercise motivation with a core of perceived physical competence. To achieve the purpose, on the basis of the problem of precedence studies, I advanced the study as follows. In the investigation of perceived physical competence (11 items), I changed the contents and method, furthermore grasped the voluntary reasons of reply. I measured motor ability (3 items), and correlated the perceived physical competence with motor ability by appropriate method. I investigated actual condition of interest in movement and affection for movement. The participants were 16 preschool children (boys aged 5 to 6). As a result, (1) Preschool children's perceived physical competence was in high tendency. (2) Overall, there was almost no correlation of perceived physical competence and motor ability. (3) They liked movement and it was thought that movement was pleasant. I interpreted the above-mentioned results as follows. Preschool children affirmatively grasp their skill based on an old play experience, and judge perceived physical competence. In childhood, perceived physical competence tends to be connected with interest in movement and affection for movement. In order to raise intrinsic exercise motivation of preschool children, they need to feel pleasure of movement and fun of movement. Finally, I found out the following point as the directivity of future study. I have to correct items to show a clear criterion by investigation of perceived physical competence. Additionally, it is appropriate to correlate perceived physical competence with the teacher's rating.departmental bulletin pape
児童文化運動が地域社会にもたらす効果に関する一考察 : 飯田子どもまつり30年が育んだもの
Get PDFapplication/pdf長野県飯田市において毎年春に開催されている飯田子どもまつりは,1975年の第1回から継続開催され,2004年30回を数えた.これを機にまとめられた記念誌編集によって収集された記録資料および関係者の証言から,市民による実行委員会体制の変化やそれに伴うまつりの変遷が明らかになった.そこで30年の歴史を振り返り,このまつりが子どもや実行委員にもたらしたものは何であったか検証した.児童文化運動として始まったこのまつりは,子どもの幸せを願う子どものための児童文化運動であったが,実行委員にとっては,彼らの自己実現の場であり社会教育活動の場でもあった.子どもと大人がかかわりあう中で生じる相互の育ち合いは,今後の社会教育活動の展開においても重要な観点になる.行政との共同の中で今後さらに児童文化運動が活発に展開されることが望まれる.departmental bulletin pape
加熱処理が果実のポリフェノール化合物に与える影響
Get PDFapplication/pdfFruits intakes have been widely recommended in the maintenance and improvement of health in the practice of dietary habits. Many fruits contain large amounts of polyphenol like tannin (catechin), flavonoid and anthocyan. All are rich in anti-oxidants. We unfortunately, do not currently possess adequate information with regards to polyphenol levels in domestic Japanese fruits and their response to environmental stresses such as heat treatment, which is very inconvenient from the our utilizing standpoint. We therefore examined the contents and compositions of polyphenols found in eleven kinds of (thirteen varieties) fruits cultivated in Iida City and the Shimoina district region of Nagano Prefecture using high performance liquid chromatography method. We also made an analysis of the effects of heat treatment on fruit components mentioned above. Fruits used in this analysis included the Nectarine, Blueberry, Apple, Japanese apricot, Pear, Blackberry, Peach, Japanese plum, Grape, Prune, and Japanese persimmon. Our results are broadly concluded in paragraph eleven. 1. The polyphenol concentrations of our raw fruits of 100 grams were as follows. Immature Japanese persimmon (astringent over 1000mg, non-astringent over 600mg) > Blackberry (about 400mg) > Grape (about 300mg) > Japanese plum・Prune・Apple・Blueberry・Japanese Pear (about 140-200mg) > Japanese apricot・Peach・Nectarine (about 30-50mg). 2. Ratios of anthocyan occupied for all polyphenol were; Blueberry (87%), Nectarine (60%), Blackberry (42%), Apple (25%), Peach (24%), Prune (19%), Japanese plum (16%), Grape (6%) in the order of abounding. Results using Japanese domestic fruits, like the Japanese persimmon, Japanese pear, and Japanese apricot were negligible amounts. 3. Quantity of polyphenol levels found in the Japanese persimmon during November was remarkable lower than those quantity found in August, and the former levels reduced about 1/10～1/100 to the latter. Decreases of all polyphenol during this maturation seemed to be due to immobilization by condensation of soluble tannin with a removal of astringency, which was not extracted in solvent. 4. We guess that the remaining (as it were, survival) rate after heating of the polyphenol is largely influenced by fruits composition (hardness), size, oxidase activity, types of polyphenol and content, the method of heating chosen and so on. 5. Polyphenol remaining rates tended to be higher by using microwave heating than that by using boiling water. For this reason, we guess that the oxidation and elution of polyphenols is prevented by using the microwave that has an effect of non-destructively inactivation for the polyphenol oxidase, as compared with the boiling water. Post heating remaining rates were in the case of a microwave oven: All polyphenol; 62-126%, anthocyan; 0-120%. When a boiling water was used as a heating agent: All polyphenol; 40-101%, anthocyan; 0-99%. 6. Using a mature Japanese persimmon in November, the remaining rate of polyphenol after heating exceeded 100%. From these results, we guess that tannin which became insoluble with maturation and removal of astringency is re-solubilized via heating treatment. This phenomenon was remarkable in the non-astringent Japanese persimmon. 7. The polyphenol (it is usually called the persimmon tannin) of the Japanese persimmon (astringent) was deduced by its shape and retention time of the peaks and various physical and chemical characteristics such as co-detected chemical compounds using high performance liquid chromatography, which seems to provide us a high possibility that the persimmon tannin is from over several tens kinds of polyphenol chemical compounds mixture. We guess that this multiple polyphenols of this persimmon was a mixture of various middle and secondary metabolite in the metabolic system (phenylpropanoid route, biosynthesis of lignin, flavonoid biosynthesis, etc...) of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Furthermore it seems to be also supportably this hypothesis that various related chemical compounds such as chalcone, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, caffine acid, catechin, leucoanthocyanidin, phenylpronoid and flavonoid were detected to a high degree and estimated in existence in astringent Japanese persimmon. Non-astringent and astringent Japanese persimmons have great differences in their polyphenol compositions in an immature state. 8. Our present analysis shows that anthocyan glycosides and anthocyan aglycones were detected in all fruits including the anthocyan. We guess that these aglycones are not formed by hydrolyzing of the anthocyan glyciosides. 9. Heat treatment stability in the anthocyan is different when using different fruits types. Fruits with high stability included the Blueberry, Grape and Japanese plum. Fruits with weak stability were the Apple, Peach, Prune and Blackberry. Nectarines were of moderate stability. 10. In the fruits, it was confirmed that various polyphenol compounds such as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, protocatechu aldehyde, gallic acid methyl ester, caffeic acid, (-)- epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were included, except for the anthocyan. Depending on fruits type, these composition proportions and stabilities by the heat treatments tend to be considerably differences. 11. The compositions and contents of the anthocyan of eleven kinds of Japanese fruits cultivated in Nagano Prefecture were confirmed.departmental bulletin pape
果実の加工処理に伴う糖含量・組成の変化
Get PDFapplication/pdfUsing 11 types of representative fruits of those cultivated in Iida City and the Shimoina district region of Nagano Prefecture, changes in sugar content and composition were studied using heat treatments as a catalyst. These experiments produced the following results. 1. A high degree of experiment reproducibility and stability using fruits heated in a microwave oven was obtained. It was noted that microwave induced heating could inactivate various enzymes, which could prevent the fruit's glyco-components from transforming. Sugar content and composition in our raw test fruit was however changed largely by enzyme action during their analysis and processing. Fruit boiled in water gave rise to elution of the fruit's sugar. 2. Large differences of 8%-28% of total sugar quantities appeared in our test fruits depending on fruits type, type of harvest, etc. These spontaneous fluctuations of glucose, fructose and sucrose in our selected raw fruits gave a good indication enzyme action within biochemical metabolic mechanisms such as monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and disaccharides (sucrose, etc...) ⇔ starch and glycosides. 3. Sorbitol was detected in 5 kinds of Rosaceae plants including Apples, Japanese plums, Japanese pears, Peaches and Prunes. Sorbitol contents per 100 grams of these fruits are shown below. Ratios of sorbitol occupied for total sugars described in parentheses; Apples 0.50g (4.0%), Japanese plums 2.47g (16.0%), Japanese pears 2.48g (17.8%), Peaches 3.12g (31.1%) and Prunes 4.38g (25.0%). These sorbitol fluctuations are likely due to enzyme reactions such as aldose reductase and iditol-2-dehydrogenase. These two enzymes promote the following reactions reversibility; Sorbitol ⇔ Glucose and Sorbitol ⇔ Fructose, respectively. 4. Fruits tested in this study were categorized into four groups by sugar compositions. The first being the sucrose type (the sucrose occupied the majority of the sugar's composition; Nectarines, Japanese apricots, and Japanese persimmons). The second group was the sucrose-sorbitol group (the sucrose occupied in the mostly with containing the sorbitol; Prunes, Peaches, and Japanese plums). A third group was the fructose type (where fructose occupied the majority of the fruits sugar compositi on; Blueberries, Grapes, Blackberries, and Japanese persimmons). A final group was fructose-sorbitol (where fructose occupied in the mostly with containing the sorbitol; Apples and Japanese pears). 5. Sucrose quantity in our raw test fruits during analysis and processing tended to increase in Nectarines, Japanese apricots, Prunes, and Japanese plums, and to decrease in Apples, Blueberries, Japanese pears, Blackberries and Japanese persimmons. There exist two possible causes for these fluctuations. One is the enzymatic action caused by increased sucrose compounds like sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose phosphatase. The other is β-fructofuranosidase and a-glucosidase in relation to evidence of decreasing sucrose.departmental bulletin pape
飯田女子短期大学の図書館における利用調査と評価に関する考察
Get PDFapplication/pdf本稿は,飯田女子短期大学の図書館において行った統計業務および調査について,図書館評価の視点から考察し,まとめて報告するものである.調査は,1.平成16年度卒業生の在学中の図書貸出冊数統計から,看護学科生の貸出冊数が多いことに着目し,看護学科生の学年ごとの利用状況を7年間遡って調査し,その特徴的利用傾向を捉えた.2.看護学科関係教員にアンケート調査を行い,学生の図書館利用状況に関する教員の評価をまとめ,学習支援としての図書館の機能を探った.3.看護学科教養講座における図書館ガイダンスの際のアンケート調査より入学時の読書嗜好と図書館利用嗜好が在学中の図書貸出状況とどのように関係しているかを求めた.4.平成12年度に行った開館時間延長に関する試行調査の結果から,開館時間延長の必要性とその後の図書館の対応を報告した.5.本学公開講座受講者にアンケート調査を行い,図書館を地域に公開した場合,地域住民としてどのような分野に興味関心をもっているか調査した.まとめとして,本学図書館の機能である1.学習支援2.読書支援3.情報環境支援について,調査の結果および図書館の現状から,本学図書館の役割とニーズについての評価の一助となるよう考察した.departmental bulletin pape