Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia
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THE STRATIFICATION BEHAVIOR OF REACTOR MATERIALS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF MOVING PARTICLE SEMI-IMPLICIT
Full text linkIn reactor research, the safety of the reactor plays an important role. Besides the experiment research, computational simulation can also provide important information about the behavior of materials inside the reactor core. The Moving Particle Semi-Implicit (MPS) method assists in providing information about the reactor material computationally. In this study, the stratification process of several materials, i.e. the melts of PbBi, PbLi, and Pb in combination with Al, have been investigated by simulation. The time to achieve stratified conditions for each material has been obtained where each paired material needs 0.5 seconds to reach the stratified condition. It is also obtained that the Pb-Al is the fastest in reaching the stratified condition among the other used materials
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Ethanolic Extract of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Against Human Cancer Cell Lines
Full text linkThe Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Ethanolic Extract of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Against Human Cancer Cell Lines. One of the medicinal plants that are widely used by the people of Indonesia is temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) with the active ingredient is curcuminoid. The curcuminoid is a yellow compound that is believed to have anti-cancer properties, therefore its properties must be maintained in the post-harvest process. This research aimed to study the effect of gamma irradiation on the simplicia of C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes in inhibiting the proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. The dry powder of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome was irradiated with gamma at a dose of 10 kGy in 2 replications, then extracted using ethanol solvent, evaporated, to obtain an ethanol extract. As a control, an un-irradiated sample was prepared and extracted in the same manner. Each ethanol extract from irradiated and control samples was then tested for their antioxidant activity by DPPH method and antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines (HUT78, A549, HeLa, and THP1). The results showed that the ethanol extract of irradiated C. xanthorrhiza rhizome with a dose of 10 kGy still had antioxidant activity and anticancer properties based on the bioassay against four those human cancer cell lines, although the antiproliferative activity decreased between 8-30% compared to the control sample. The highest antiproliferative activity was shown by the ethanol extract against HUT78 cancer cell line with IC50 values of 5.4 and 10.7 µg/ml for control and irradiated samples respectively. Based on the silica gel TLC plate, the ethanolic extracts of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome both unirradiated- and irradiated samples contained curcumin (Rf = 0.58) and demethoxycurcumin (Rf = 0.38)
Morfologi dan Tingkat Ekspresi Molekuler Mamosfir Asal Sel Kelenjar Susu Macaca fascicularis yang Diiradiasi Sinar Gamma Sebagai Model Onkogenesis
Full text linkSel punca memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan jaringan normal maupun onkogenesis, termasuk pada kejadian kanker payudara. Keterkaitan sel punca dan pembentukan kanker payudara perlu diteliti agar dapat ditemukan metode pencegahan dan terapi baru yang efektif. Teknik kultur mamosfir telah terbukti memperkaya populasi sel punca pada sel kelenjar susu manusia dan satwa primata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model onkogenesis kelenjar susu secara in-vitro dengan induksi sinar gamma pada kultur mamosfir yang berasal dari kelenjar susu monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis). Analisis morfologi sfir dan uji imunofluoresensi untuk γH2AX dilakukan setelah pajanan iradiasi 4 Gy selama 62 detik pada kultur mamosfir. Penanda molekuler sel punca dewasa dan sel punca kanker dievaluasi menggunakan qRT-PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi sinar gamma menimbulkan kerusakan DNA (double strand break) di dalam sel-sel penyusun mamosfir. Pajanan radiasi juga mengubah morfologi sfir. Ekspresi penanda untuk sel punca dewasa kelenjar susu (CD49f atau Integrin Alpha 6; ITGA6) dan sel punca kanker (CD133 atau Prominin-1; PROM1 dan CD44) lebih tinggi pasca iradiasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kultur mamosfir iradiasi yang berasal dari kelenjar susu monyet berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai model in-vitro untuk studi onkogenesis, terutama yang berkaitan dengan deregulasi sel punca dan risiko kanker payudara.
Analytical Capabilities of EDXRF for Determination of Rare Earth Elements
Full text linkRare earth elements (REE) are present in the lanthanide range and are widely used in high-tech and clean technology applications that are predicted to grow significantly in the coming decades. Therefore, there will be a high demand for REE in the future that will impact the needs for development of sensitive and selective methods for determination of REEs such as X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Reliability of REEs analysis results depend on analytical capability of XRF instrument’s performance. Analytical capability shows the ability of the instrument to perform sample analysis with high accuracy and precision and proven by validation so that the results obtained are reliable. The aim of this study is to assess the analytical capability of XRF for REEs analysis in samples particularly Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm) and Yttrium (Y), by performing method validation of energy dispersive x-ray spectrometers (ED-XRF). Four measurement conditions that covered the selected elements were defined. Accuracy, precision and detection limits determination were performed by measuring the CRM In House Monazite Sand. The yield of the selected element corresponds to its certified value, with a %recovery between 95.99 to 103.1%. The %RSD values ranging from 0.59 to 5.19%. The detection limits (LLD) of ED-XRF ranged from 8.78 to 67.4 ppm. The results showed the good analytical capability of ED-XRF method for REEs analysis
Physicochemical Properties Of 131I-Rutin Under Acidic Labeling Condition As A Radiolabeled Compound For The Diagnosis Of Cancer
Full text linkRadiolabeled rutin (131I-rutin) has potential use in future diagnosis of cancer. The physicochemical characteristics of 131I-rutin are essential in regard to its distribution and accumulation in the body. Therefore, to ensure successful delivery of a labeled compound, it is necessary to evaluate its physicochemical properties. The labeling of 131I-rutin was accomplished using the oxidation method assisted by Chloramine-T under acidic conditions. Radiochemical purity value was measured by thin-layer chromatography (TLC-SG F254) using 100% methanol as the mobile phase. The electrical charge of 131I-rutin was determined by the paper electrophoresis. Moreover, the lipophilicity (P) was evaluated by the partition coefficient in the organic-water liquid. Plasma protein binding was determined in vitro by precipitation method using a 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution. The results showed that 131I-rutin has a neutral charge and a lipophilicity value (Log P) of 0.395 ± 0.203 (hydrophilic), and was bound to human blood plasma proteins with a percentage of 69.36% ± 1.88%.Radiolabeled rutin (131I-rutin) has potential use in future diagnosis of cancer. The physicochemical characteristics of 131I-rutin are essential in regard to its distribution and accumulation in the body. Therefore, to ensure successful delivery of a labeled compound, it is necessary to evaluate its physicochemical properties. The labeling of 131I-rutin was accomplished using the oxidation method assisted by Chloramine-T under acidic conditions. Radiochemical purity value was measured by thin-layer chromatography (TLC-SG F254) using 100% methanol as the mobile phase. The electrical charge of 131I-rutin was determined by the paper electrophoresis. Moreover, the lipophilicity (P) was evaluated by the partition coefficient in the organic-water liquid. Plasma protein binding was determined in vitro by precipitation method using a 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution. The results showed that 131I-rutin has a neutral charge and a lipophilicity value (Log P) of 0.395 ± 0.203 (hydrophilic), and was bound to human blood plasma proteins with a percentage of 69.36% ± 1.88%
ASSESSING THE OTTO OPTION: THORIUM-CYCLE EXPERIMENTAL POWER REACTOR SPENT FUEL CHARACTERISTICS
Full text linkTwo main refuelling option considered for use in a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) are multi-pass and once through-then-out (OTTO) cycle. The former possesses superiority in term of fuel utilisation whilst the latter is considered better in term of system simplicity. HTGR-based Experimental Power Reactor (Reaktor Daya Eksperimental/RDE) is supposed to adopt multi-pass refuelling scheme. However, OTTO-scheme shall also be considered for the simplicity it offers and thus potentially lower cost. Due to different neutronic and burnup profile between the two, the resulting spent fuel characteristic is also different and possibly requires different handling mechanism. This paper assesses the characteristics of OTTO-scheme RDE spent fuel using thorium fuel cycle. The assessment is performed employing ORIGEN2.1 code. At day 30 of cooling after determined end-of-cycle (EOC), each spent fuel yields 234.9 Curies of radioactivity, emitting 66.26 neutrons/second, 1x1013 photons/second, and releasing 0.7675 watts of decay heat. These numbers must be taken into consideration regarding spent fuel management and spent fuel cask design. Tl-208 isotope characteristics, whose existence is unique to thorium fuel cycle, were also determined. It is found to be yielding 3.42x10-3 Curie of radioactivity and releasing 1.2x108 photons/second at its peak. Understanding its high-energy gamma release, proper radiation protection mechanism must be implemented
CALCULATION OF NEUTRON FLUX DISTRIBUTION AT PIERCING BEAM PORTS OF PLATE TYPE RESEARCH REACTOR BANDUNG
Full text linkBased on a strategic plan of TRIGA 2000 Bandung’s future operation, BATAN has already decided to implement an option to convert the fuel elements core of TRIGA 2000 from using the cylindrical type of elements produced by General Atomic to MTR plate type of fuel elements produced by local fuel element manufacture. The core design calculation has proved that the core configurations of 5 x 5 matrix using local plate type fuel elements met the requirement of core neutronics design. In addition to the current core configuration, further study must be added to consider the use of beam ports as utilization facilities in the design. The neutron flux distribution at piercing beam port has been calculated based monte carlo algorithm using TRIGA MCNP and MCNP software. The calculation result showed that at piercing beam port surface neutron flux distribution is not quite symmetric. The highest neutron flux at piercing beam port is , where as the flux of neutron thermal energy group is . These results are considerably appropriate for such core configuration and as a result, they can be used as a basic data for designing Plate Type Research Reactor Bandung, especially for neutron diffraction experimen
PREPARASI SENYAWA ANTI KANKER APIGENIN BERTANDA RADIOIODIUM-131 UNTUK STUDI BIOAKTIVITAS
Full text linkPREPARASI SENYAWA ANTI KANKER APIGENIN BERTANDA RADIOIODIUM-131 UNTUK STUDI BIOAKTIVITAS. Apigenin merupakan senyawa flavonoid yang mempunyai potensi sebagai senyawa anti kanker, anti oksidan, dan anti inflamasi dengan toksisitas intrinsik yang rendah. Untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas apigenin, dapat dilakukan radioiodinasi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan studi praklinis menggunakan hewan uji. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan preparasi apigenin bertanda radioiodium-131 menggunakan metode kloramin-T dan optimasi berbagai parameter serta kondisi penandaan. Hasil optimasi diperoleh formula dan kondisi penandaan yaitu 1 mg apigenin, 250 µg kloramin-T, dan 100 µg natrium metabisulfit, dengan pH penandaan 7 dan jumlah radioiodium-131 10 µL (10 µCi). Proses penandaan senyawa 131I-Apigenin dilakukan melalui reaksi substitusi elektrofilik selama 20 menit pada suhu kamar (20-22 °C). Dari hasil pengujian menggunakan metode kromatografi kertas menggunakan fasa diam Whatman 1 dan fasa gerak amonium asetat 0,02 M, pH 6, diperoleh kemurnian radiokimia sebesar 96,53 ± 1,87%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa 131I-Apigenin dapat digunakan untuk studi selanjutnya, yaitu studi fisikokimia dan studi praklinis, sehingga dapat diperoleh karakteristik bioaktivitas dan efektivitasnya sebagai senyawa anti kanker berbasis bahan alam
