Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management)
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Reconstruction of the compensation calculation formula for impacted aquaculture by marine pollution
Get PDFPencemaran laut dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi usaha perikanan budidaya. Untuk itu dibutuhkan formula perhitungan kompensasi yang sesuai dan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan formula perhitungan kompensasi usaha perikanan budidaya dengan merekonstruksi formula yang terdapat di PermenLH No. 7/2014. Rekonstruksi formula dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan expert judgement. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan data-data produksi menjadi faktor kunci dalam rekonstruksi formula perhitungan kompensasi. Terdapat tiga formula hasil rekonstruksi, yaitu formula kompensasi usaha perikanan budidaya yang data produksinya tersedia sebelum dan setelah pencemaran; formula kompensasi usaha perikanan budidaya yang hanya tersedia data produksi sebelum pencemaran dan formula kompensasi usaha perikanan budidaya yang tidak tersedia data produksiMarine pollution can have a negative impact on aquaculture. For this reason, an appropriate and precise compensation calculation formula is needed. This study aims to formulate a formula for compensation calculating for aquaculture by reconstructing formula in PermenLH No. 7/2014. The reconstruction of formula was analyzed descriptively qualitatively with an expert judgement approach. The results showed that production data was a key factor in the reconstruction of compensation calculation formula. There are three reconstruction results formulas, namely compensation formula for aquaculture whose production data is available before and after pollution; compensation formula for aquaculture which only production data is available before pollution; and compensation formula for aquaculture which production data are not availabl
Pemanfaatan Penginderaan Jauh Dalam Penilaian Keberhasilan Reklamasi di Lahan Pasca Tambang PT. Vale Indonesia
Get PDFKegiatan penambangan dengan sistem terbuka memicu terjadinya degradasi lahan yang mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas lahan. Penurunan kualitas lahan ini berhubungan dengan tingkat kesuburan dan sifat kimia tanah, sehingga pada umumnya lahan bekas tambang mengandung unsur hara yang rendah. Permasalahan tersebut di beberapa perusahaan tambang yang menerapkan keberlanjutan lingkungan diatasi melalui kegiatan reklamasi. Kegiatan reklamasi ini perlu dinilai untuk mengukur keberhasilan tambang dalam mengatasi permasalahan degradasi lahan. Pada penelitian ini kami mendemonstrasikan penilaian keberhasilan reklamasi tambang pada kawasan tambang nikel terbesar di Sulawesi Selatan, menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan memanfaatkan Citra Sentinel 2. Dari formulasi band NIR dan Red pada Citra Sentinel 2 dapat menghasilkan indeks Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Dari nilai indeks vegetasi tersebut diketahui bahwa pada terdapat area reklamasi yang diamati telah mendekati nilai indeks vegetasi tinggi (0,7 – 0,9). Nilai ini sebenarnya telah mendekati nilai indeks vegetasi pada hutan alam yang berada disekitarnya, namun dengan persentase yang belum terlalu besar. Distribusinya luasan hasil penilaian pertumbuhan tanaman reklamasi pada wilayah kajian adalah kondisi tidak bervegetasi sebesar 3,14%, vegetasi rendah sebesar 12,15%, vegetasi agak rendah sebesar 21,53%, vegetasi sedang sebesar 14,82%, vegetasi cukup tinggi sebesar 25,94% dan vegetasi tinggi sebesar 22,42% dari total kawasan reklamasi.Mining activities with an open system trigger land degradation which results in a decrease in land quality. The decline in land quality is related to the level of fertility and soil chemical properties, so that in general ex-mining land contains low nutrients. These problems in several mining companies that implement environmental sustainability are resolved through reclamation activities. This reclamation activity needs to be assessed, to measure the success of the mine in overcoming land degradation problems. In this study we demonstrate an assessment of the success of mine reclamation in the largest nickel mining area in South Sulawesi, using remote sensing technology. Formulation of NIR and Red bands on Sentinel 2 imagery can produce Normalized Difference Vegetation Index index. From the vegetation index value, it is known that the observed reclamation area is close to the high vegetation index value (0.7 - 0.9). This value is actually close to the vegetation index value in the surrounding natural forest, but with a low percentage of area. The distribution of the results of the assessment of plant growth in the reclamation area was lowest vegetation by 3.14%; lower vegetation by 12.15%; low vegetation by 21.53%; moderate vegetation by 14.82%; high vegetation by 25.94% and higher vegetation by 22.42% of the total reclamation area
Strategies for optimizing mangrove ecosystem management in the rehabilitation area of Sayung coastal zone, Demak Regency, Central Java
Get PDFPesisir Sayung mengalami erosi pantai yang sangat tinggi dan berdampak besar terhadap kehidupan masyarakat sekitar. Salah satu upaya dalam penanganan erosi pantai adalah rehabilitasi ekosistem mangrove. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyusun prioritas strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di daerah rehabilitasi. Pengambilan data dilakukaan di tiga desa pesisir yaitu Desa Bedono, Desa Timbulsloko, dan Desa Surodadi. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, penyebaran kuesioner dan observasi lapang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode jejaring analitik (Analytical Network Process, ANP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan permasalahan prioritas dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Sayung adalah : konversi lahan mangrove, kegagalan mangrove untuk tumbuh, kurangnya pemantauan dan pengawasan. Solusi prioritas untuk optimasi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove adalah rehabilitasi dan konservasi ekosistem mangrove, peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat, serta pengawasan dan pemantauan dengan melibatkan masyarakat.Sayung coast is experienced very high coastal erosion and has a huge impact on the lives of the surrounding communities. One of the efforts in handling coastal erosion is the rehabilitation of the mangrove ecosystem.The purpose of this study was to prioritize mangrove ecosystem management strategies in rehabilitation areas. Data were collected from three coastal villages, namely, Bedono, Timbulsloko, and Surodadi, through in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and field observations. The data analysis was carried out using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method. The result showed that the priority problems in the mangrove ecosystem management on the Sayung coast were: conversion of mangrove land, failure of mangroves to grow, lack of monitoring and supervision. Therefore, the priority solution for optimizing mangrove ecosystem management is rehabilitation and conservation, increasing community participation, and monitoring by involving the community
Laju Nitrifikasi pada Bioremediasi Air Limbah Organik Menggunakan Chlorella sp. dan Bakteri Nitrifikasi-Denitrifikasi
Get PDFGlobal nitrogen pollution in the aquatic environment has been increased mostly due to the disposal of organic wastewater from human activities. Chronic disposal of nitrogen compounds into the waters causes eutrophication and death of aquatic organisms. Process of reducing nitrogen in wastewater can be carried out economically and efficiently using nitrifying-denitrifying bacteria. Beside that, another environmentally friendly technology that can also be used is bioremediation using microalgae such as Chlorella sp. The synergistic relationship between bacteria and microalgae has a potential to better reduce performance of nitrogen compounds in organic wastewater. This study, which was conducted from July to August 2020, was laboratory experiment using randomised block design. It aimed to determine growth rate of Chlorella sp., rate of nitrification, rate of changes of nitrate compounds, effect of differences between treatments and duration of the changes of nitrate levels in organic wastewater as also relationship between Chlorella sp. to the nitrifying-denitrifying bacteria. Fresh wastewater samples were taken from Lake Rawa Pening. The results showed that growth pattern of Chlorella sp. has increased until the peak day (day 6) then decreased toward day 9. The highest nitrification rate was performed by treatment C, i.e., 0.2 mg NH4-N.l-1.hour-1 followed by treatment B, D and A respectively, 0.169, 0.009 and 0.008 mg NH4-N.l-1.hour-1. Similarly, the highest percentage change in nitrate compounds during the study was treatment C (1874%), B (1664%), D (200%) and A (175%) subsequently. The analysis of variance between treatment for changes in nitrate compounds was significantly different (p value <0.05). A further DMRT/Duncan Multiple Range Test showed that the highest average was also treatment C, B, D and A.Pencemaran nitrogen secara global begitu meningkat akibat pembuangan air limbah organik bersumber dari aktivitas manusia yang mencemari lingkungan perairan. Peningkatan senyawa nitrogen secara terus menerus dan dalam waktu yang lama menjadi penyebab terjadinya eutrofikasi dan kematian organisme. Proses reduksi nitrogen pada air limbah dapat dilakukan secara ekonomis dan efisien menggunakan bakteri nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi. Teknologi ramah lingkungan yang juga dapat digunakan adalah bioremediasi menggunakan mikroalga seperti Chlorella sp. Adanya hubungan sinergis dari bakteri dan mikroalga berpotensi meningkatkan kinerja reduksi senyawa nitrogen pada air limbah organik. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2020 ini, bersifat eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju nitrifikasi dan perubahan kadar nitrat, laju pertumbuhan Chlorella sp., serta pengaruh perbedaan perlakuan dan waktu terhadap perubahan kadar nitrat pada air limbah organik dan hubungan Chlorella sp. dengan bakteri nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi. Air limbah yang diambil berasal dari danau Rawa Pening. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, laju nitrifikasi secara berturut-turut dari yang tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu perlakuan C 0,2 mg NH4-N/liter/jam, diikuti perlakuan B, D dan A masing-masing 0,169, 0,009 dan 0,008 mg NH4-N/liter/jam. Pola pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. mengalami peningkatan hingga hari puncak (hari ke 6) dan menurun hingga hari terakhir. Persentase perubahan kadar nitrat dari awal hingga akhir pengamatan dari yang tertinggi secara berurutan yaitu perlakuan C (1874%), B (1664%), D (200%) dan A (175%). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan antara perlakuan terhadap perubahan kadar nitrat (p value <0,05). Hasil Uji DMRT menunjukkan rata-rata perubahan tertinggi adalah perlakuan C, B, D dan A
Potensi lahan untuk pengembangan kawasan permukiman di Kabupaten Halmahera Timur
Get PDFPotensi lahan yang terbatas menyebabkan terjadinya permasalahan pada lahan, yang kemudian mengarah pada permasalahan perkembangan wilayah. Terutama pada perkembangan permukiman. Sementara itu, Pertumbuhan penduduk yang meningkat berbanding terbalik dengan ketersediaan lahan. Situasi tersebut umum terjadi di berbagai wilayah, begitu juga di Kabupaten Halmahera Timur. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi lahan untuk pengembangan kawasan permukiman melalui ketersediaan dan kesesuaian lahan. Potensi lahan untuk permukiman dapat diidentifikasi melalui kesesuaian dan ketersediaannya. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE). Indikator yang digunakan untuk kesesuaian lahan permukiman meliputi kemiringan lereng, genangan banjir, kerawanan longsor, drainase, tekstur tanah, kedalaman solum dan tipe geologi dimana analisisnya menggunakan pembobotan yang berdasarkan 5 (lima) orang pakar. Analisis ketersediaan lahan dilakukan dengan metode tumpangsusun peta pola ruang dan peta penggunaan lahan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa potensi lahan untuk pengembangan kawasan permukiman Kabupaten Halmahera Timur terdiri dari sangat sesuai (S1) seluas 12.356 ha (1,92%), sesuai (S2) seluas 60.385 ha (9,52%), sesuai marjinal (S3) seluas 21.632 ha (3,39) dan tidak sesuai (N) seluas 12.456 ha (1,93%).A limit of potential land causes many problems to the land which lead to a regional development issues. Particularly, for the settlement. Besides, the increasing population is inversely proportional to the availability pf the land. Such situation has occurred in many areas, as well as in East Halmahera Regency. Therefore, this research aims to identify potential land for the settlement’s development through land suitability and land availability. The methodology used to in this study is Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE). The indicators used are slope, flood inundation, landslide susceptibility, drainage, soil depth, soil texture and geology. Overlay between thematic maps, official spatial planning maps and land use maps is the methodology used for land availability. The result shows 2.356 hectare or 1,92% of land is Suitable (S1), 60.385 hectare or 9.52% is Suitable (S2), 21.632 hectare or 3.39% is Marginally suitable (S3) and 12.456 hectare or 1.93% is Not Suitable (N) for settlement development in Halmahera Regency.
 
Conservation of agriculture land based on local wisdom in Serang Village Purbalingga Regency
Get PDFPerambahan kawasan hutan disadari dapat menimbulkan banyak permasalahan ketika pengelolaannya tidak memperhatikan kaidah konservasi. Perambahan hutan semakin luas dan menjadi perhatian khusus Pemerintah Desa Serang sehingga mendorong mengembangkan sistem pertanian berbasis kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat. Hasil penelitian diketahui praktek konservasi lahan yang dilakukan antara lain yaitu (1) pranoto mongso; (2) nyabuk gunung; (3) mengeramatkan sumber air (Festival Tuk Sikopyah); (4) memberokan lahan pertanian; (5) menggunakan alat pertanian tradisional; dan (6) Wanatani (Agroforestry). Praktek konservasi tertinggi yaitu menggunakan alat pertanian tradisional sebesar 99%, nyabuk gunung dan mengeramatkan sumber air sebesar 96%. Sedangkan praktek konservasi jarang dilakukan yaitu memberokan lahan pertanian sebesar 61%. Pertanian di Desa Serang berpotensi dikembangkan karena memiliki sumberdaya lahan luas serta permintaan pasar yang besar. Strategi konservasi lahan pertanian yang sesuai diterapkan dalam pengelolaan lahan pertanian berkelanjutan di Desa Serang yaitu (1) melestarikan kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat dan diterapkan dalam kegiatan pengelolaan lahan pertanian; (2) memanfaatkan pendampingan dari pemerintah desa, kabupaten dan pusat untuk pengelolaan dan peningkatan produksi hasil pertanian; (3) menambah distribusi pasar dan memanfaatkan akses pengangkutan; (4) menambah lahan budidaya dengan lahan tersedia untuk peningkatan produksi pertanian; (5) menjaga kualitas produk dan menciptakan kepuasan konsumen; dan (6) kerjasama dengan saluran pemeasaran untuk memperluas pasar.
Encroachment of forest areas can cause many problems when the management does not pay attention to conservation rules. Forest encroachment is increasingly widespread and is of particular concern to theSerang Village Government, thus encouraging agricultural systems based on local wisdom owned by the community. The study is able to record known land conservation practice, among others, (1) pranoto mongso; (2) nyabuk gunung; (3) sacralize water sources (Festival Tuk Sikopyah); (4) resting agricultural land; (5) using traditional agricultural tools; and (6) Agroforestry. The highest conservation practice is using traditional agricultural equipment by 99%, nyabuk gunung and forecasting water sources by 96%. While conservation practices are rarely carried out, namely 61% of agricultural land. Agriculture in Serang Village can be developed because it has large land resources and large market demand. Suitable agricultural land conservation strategies are implemented in the management of sustainable agricultural land in Serang Village, namely (1) preserving local wisdom owned by the community and applied in agricultural land management activities; (2) utilizing assistance from the village, district, and central governments to manage and increase agricultural production; (3) increase market distribution and utilize access to transportation; (4) increase cultivation land with available land for increased agricultural production; (5) maintain product quality and create customer satisfaction; and (6) cooperation with the distribution channel to expand the market. 
Development of economic valuation method for the direct impact of alien invasive species based on food competition in aquatic ecosystems
Get PDFAlien crayfish species (Cherax quadricarinatus and Procambarus clarkii) have been found in some Indonesian area and demonstrated invasive species characters. Despite of their economy benefit the crayfish has potential ecologically disadvantage to be valuated. This study aimed to develop valuation method to estimate economical loss due to alien invasive species on food competition basis in an aquatic ecosystem. This approach was conducted by estimating the potential loss due food competition between invasive species and its inferior competitor. The case study was carried out in the Lido Lake and in an aquaculture site at Cisaat, Sukabumi – West Java. The research results that economic loss due to the disappearance of native Macrobrachium sintangense caused by the existences of single male C. quadricarinatus is 784 IDR and 1,096 for the female in Lido Lake. The potential loss of M. rosenbergii due to the single P. clarkii is 1,416.76 IDR. The difference economic loss is constituted by the quantity of feed taken by the invasive species, and the economic value of competitive inferior species. This method is clearly explained in the method section and is simple to use, but more understandable for limited economics background stakeholders. However, this approach needs robust biological dynamic model. The valuation results become important reference for the policy maker to develop risk analysis in concern of introduced invasive species into an ecosystem. For holistic economic loss value valuation, further studies covering space competition and potential harmful pathogen carrier are warranted. 
Spatial modeling on land use change in regional scale of Java Island based-on biophysical characteristics
Get PDFKajian ini mendiskusikan pemodelan spasial biofisik untuk perubahan penggunaan lahan di Pulau Jawa dengan mempertimbangkan interaksi kedekatan antar tipe penggunaan lahan dan perubahannya. Selanjutnya, karakteristik kedekatan ini digunakan dalam model regresi logistic untuk menduga probabilitas perubahan yang akan terjadi. Dalam kajian ini, perubahan penggunaan lahan diproyeksikan dengan model Markov berbasis informasi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang terjadi tahunan. Hasil analisis mengindikasikan bahwa lahan sawah irigasi teknis (dua kali tanam), terutama area lahan kering, memiliki autokorelasi positif nyata terhadap lokasi perubahan. Lahan terbangun, lahan sawah dan pertanian lahan kering memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap probabilitas terjadinya perubahan. Sementara itu, lahan terbuka, semak belukar dan kebun campuran memberikan korelasi negative terhadap perubahan di lahan pertanian. Hasil analisis di lahan hutan menunjukkan bahwa pertanian lahan kering dan perkebunan memiliki kontribusi positif terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan. Akurasi model yang dihasilkan telah diuji dengan membandingkan hasil proyeksi dengan area perubahan aktual.This study discusses biophysical-based spatial modeling for land-use change in Java Island considering neighborhood interactions between land use types and the changing area. These neighborhood characteristics used in the logistic regression model to estimate the probability of the change events occurrence. Moreover, the future role of land-use change is then projected using the Markov model based on the annual land-use changes map. The results indicate that paddy rice with an irrigation system (double cropping), especially in upland areas has a high positive spatial autocorrelation with the change areas. Residential area, paddy rice, and upland with intensive cropping have a high effect on the probability of change occurrence. Meanwhile, barren lands/dry land, bush-shrub, and mixed garden give a negative correlation to the change occurrences in agricultural lands. In the case of forestland, the results show some land-use types such as upland with intensive cropping and plantation have a positive contribution to the change of land. The accuracy of the model has also assessed through comparison of the projection with the actual area. The results indicate that the future role of each land-use type is different based on the trend period predictor in the model
Analysis of Blood Lead Levels on Street Vendors at Terminal Kampung Rambutan
Get PDFEmisi kendaraan bermotor mengandung logam berat salah satunya adalah timbal (Pb). Pedagang kaki lima termasuk ke dalam kelompok masyarakat berisiko tinggi terhadap paparan emisi kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji kadar timbal dalam darah pedagang kaki lima. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner. Pengukuran timbal menggunakan metode Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Sampel ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 30 pedagang kaki lima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 18 responden (60%) memiliki kadar timbal dalam darah melebihi kadar normal yaitu <10 μg/dl. Rata-rata kadar timbal dalam darah pada pedagang kaki lima sebesar 22,03 μg/dL. Kadar timbal dalam darah tertinggi pada responden sebesar 65 μg/dl dengan waktu kerja harian tertinggi selama 16 jam/hari. Karakteristik responden yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap kadar timbal (Pb) dalam darah adalah usia dan waktu kerja harian.Emissions of motor vehicles containing heavy metals, one of which is lead (Pb). Street vendors belong to the community group at a high risk of exposure to motorized vehicle emissions. This study aims to analyze and assess lead levels in the blood of street vendors. The research design used was cross-sectional with a method of collecting data through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Lead measurement using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The sample was determined by a purposive sampling method of 30 street vendors. The results of this study are 18 respondents (60%) with blood lead levels exceeding normal levels namely <10 μg/dL. The average blood lead level of street vendors was 22,03 μg/dL. The highest blood lead levels were 65 μg/dl with the highest daily working time of 16 hours/day. Characteristics of respondents who have an influence on blood lead (Pb) levels are age and daily work time
Modelling the Habitat Suitability of Hasselt’s Litter Frog (Leptobrachium hasseltii Tschudi 1838) using Geographic Information System in Java Island
Get PDFHasselt’s litter frogs (Leptobrachium hasseltii Tschudi 1838) is a wide spread species in Java and Sumatra, but there is no specific distribution map for this species. The purpose of this study is to identify the distribution of hasselt’s litter frogs in Java and examine the suitability of it’s using maxent. We used presence data and environment variables consisting of elevation, slope, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), distance from the river, temperature, precipitation, and land cover to evelop the distribution model of this species. Hasselt’s litter frogs in Java depends on forested area with a wide range of elevation (lowland to mountain forests), moderate slope, temperature between 20-21oC and rainfall over 2500 mm/year. The highest number of frogs are found in secondary forest land cover, as supported by NDVI values between 0.8 to 0.9 and relatively close to the river. Habitat model constructed are robust with AUC (Area Under Curve) value of 0.951. Environmental variables that most affectted habitat for hasselt’s litter frog are land cover, temperature, and slope