Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management)
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Assessment of Mangrove Distribution, Carbon Stock, and Carbon Sequestration toward Sustainable Coastal Management in Northern Coastal of Subang Regency, Indonesia
No full textMangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration; however, increasing anthropogenic pressures threaten their function as carbon sinks. Along the northern coast of Subang, Indonesia, information on mangrove carbon stocks remains limited despite its importance for sustainable coastal management. This study assesses mangrove distribution and estimates carbon stocks and CO₂ sequestration potential using Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) remote sensing data. The research was conducted over a period of 5 months, from the midle of June to November 2025. The results show that mangrove density averaged 8,067 ± 5,332 trees ha⁻¹, dominated by Avicennia marina (69%). Estimated carbon stocks reached 183.73 ± 97.04 Mg C ha⁻¹, comprising 130.11 ± 70.36 Mg C ha⁻¹ of aboveground carbon and 53.62 ± 26.95 Mg C ha⁻¹ of belowground carbon. Across 2,684 ha, total carbon storage was estimated at 268,577 Mg C, equivalent to a CO₂ sequestration potential of 984,782 Mg CO₂e. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) Linear model achieved the highest prediction accuracy (R² = 0.86; RMSE = 0.07; MAE = 0.06). These findings highlight the significant contribution of Subang’s mangroves to climate change mitigation and provide essential data to support sustainable coastal management and Indonesia’s FOLU Net Sink 2030 target
Evaluation of Leaf Spot and Blight Diseases in Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) Seedlings in Rumpin Nursery, Bogor Regency, Indonesia
No full textSeedling propagation in nurseries often faces problems such as disease attack. Leaf spot and blight are the main threats that usually hamper the growth of small-leaf mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) seedlings in the nursery. This study aims to determine the incidence and severity of disease, factors affecting the development of leaf spot and blight on small-leaf mahogany seedlings, and identify the causative pathogen. The research method included observations of disease incidence and severity in two sample plots representing the nursery with a sampling intensity of 10%. Leaf samples showing disease symptoms were isolated and tested for Koch’s Postulates. The result showed that the incidence of leaf spot and blight reached 95,44% and the disease severity was lower (44,72%). The environmental conditions at Rumpin Nursery, including high rainfall and humidity, as well as moderate temperatures (22-30 °C), favored the spread of disease. There were four types of fungal pathogens of leaf spot and blight on small-leaf mahogany seedlings, namely Pestalotiopsis sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Bipolaris sp., with an incubation period of 1-2 days. This incubation period indicates rapid infectious ability under favorable environmental conditions
Optimizing DNA Extraction Methods from Leaf and Wood Tissues to Support Dipterocarp Conservation and Sustainable Forest Management
No full textDipterocarpaceae are economically important, contributing over 85% of Indonesia\u27s timber exports. However, this crucial resource is increasingly threatened by illegal logging, habitat destruction, and the illegal timber trade, which jeopardize dipterocarp population. Furthermore, conservation efforts utilizing genetic and forensic techniques often encounter substantial challenges due to the complexities in DNA extraction protocol. To address this, the study aimed to enhance the efficiency of DNA extraction methodologies by comparing two methods: the modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Plant) from Geneaid Biotech Ltd. The research focused on leaf and wood samples from two species, spesifically Rubroshorea leprosula (Miq.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck and Shorea laevis Ridl. For each of these species, five leaf and five wood samples were extracted using both methods. The quality of the DNA extraction was evaluated using electrophoresis and quantified with a Qubit fluorometer. Higher DNA concentrations were obtained with the modified CTAB method compared to the GeneAid kit for both R. leprosula and S. laevis, particularly in leaf tissue. The GeneAid kit consistently exhibited low DNA yield efficiency compared to the modified CTAB method for both species. Additionally, PCR amplification of both leaf and wood samples confirmed that the extracted DNA was suitable formolecular analyses. These findings not only contributed to laboratory applications but also served as practical tools for species identification and genetic conservation for sustainable forest management and law enforcement
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Manual Hydroseeding Method for Planting Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.)
No full textSebagai alternatif reboisasi konvensional menggunakan benih tanaman, lereng yang sedikit berbukit dapat direvegetasi menggunakan metode tanpa olah tanah dan hidroseeding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas campuran hidroseeding untuk revegetasi pada lereng 15–25% di area kampus Universitas Nusa Bangsa. Penelitian dilakukan pada skala plot menggunakan Observed Sample Plot (OSP) berukuran 2,0 m × 1,2 m, mengikuti kondisi lereng. Setiap plot (PCP) terdiri dari 60 subplot menggunakan metode Templok yang disusun dalam pola kotak-kotak, dengan 30 subplot yang diberi perlakuan campuran hidroseeding. Perlakuan tersebut meliputi kombinasi dua media tanam—serbuk gergaji sengon (Falcataria moluccana) dan serasah JUN (Jati Unggul Nusantara) cincang (masing-masing 1,1 kg)—dan tiga konsentrasi tackifier (0, 3, dan 6 g/L air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media yang mengandung serasah JUN cincang yang dikombinasikan dengan perekat 6 g/L menghasilkan tingkat perkecambahan benih Sesbania grandiflora (Turi) tertinggi. Kombinasi ini secara signifikan meningkatkan perkecambahan dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Namun, erosi percikan diamati di semua plot, yang menyebabkan hilangnya media tanam dalam jumlah besar. Oleh karena itu, penerapan penyemaian hidro dalam skala besar di lereng memerlukan pengendalian erosi tambahan, seperti penyangga bambu, jaring kelapa, atau geo-jute, untuk menjaga stabilitas tanah. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa bahan organik yang bersumber secara lokal dan konsentrasi perekat yang tepat dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan revegetasi tahap awal di medan miring.As an alternative to conventional reforestation using plant seeds, slightly hilly slopes can be revegetated using no-till and hydroseeding methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydroseeding mixtures for revegetation on 15–25% slopes in the campus area of Nusa Bangsa University. The research was conducted at a plot scale using Observed Sample Plots (OSPs) measuring 2.0 m × 1.2 m, following slope conditions. Each plot (OSP) consisted of 60 subplots using the Templok method, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, with 30 sub-plots treated with hydroseeding mixtures. The treatments included combinations of two planting media of sengon (Falcataria falcata) sawdust and chopped jati (Tectona grandis) litter (1.1 kg each) and three concentrations of tackifier (0, 3, and 6 g/L water). The result of univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the graphic of germination development that the treatment of M2S2 (media of sawdust and tackifier 6 g/L) showed significant effect on the germination percentage. So, this combination treatment improved germination compared to other treatments. However, splash erosion was observed across all plots, causing considerable loss of planting media. Therefore, large-scale application of hydroseeding on slopes requires additional erosion control, such as bamboo supports, coconet, or geo-jute, to maintain soil stability
Descriptive GC–MS Profiling of Volatile Compounds in Cendana (Santalum album L.) Wood from Three Gunungkidul Sites: Silvicultural Implications for Site Matching
No full textCendana (Santalum album L.) mengandung berbagai senyawa volatil, tumbuh di beberapa wilayah di Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan profil kimia senyawa volatil Santalum album L. dari Nglanggeran, Wanagama, dan Petir; (2) membandingkan senyawa volatil cendana di ketiga lokasi tersebut; dan (3) merekomendasikan praktik silvikultur untuk Santalum album L. di masing-masing lokasi berdasarkan profil kimia volatilnya.
Minyak atsiri diekstraksi dari sampel kayu tiga pohon yang dipilih secara acak di setiap lokasi menggunakan n-heksana dan dianalisis dengan GC-MS menggunakan kolom HP-5MS UI (30 m × 0,25 mm × 0,25 µm) dengan program suhu oven dari 50 °C hingga 280 °C selama 53 menit. Dari sembilan kromatogram ditemukan empat belas senyawa volatil valid, termasuk hidrokarbon alifatik (undekana, pentadekana, isomer trimetil dodekana) dan alkohol seskuiterpena (α-santalol, β-santalol).
Profil kimia bervariasi antar lokasi tumbuh yang berbeda: sampel dari Petir menunjukkan kadar α-santalol tertinggi (9,25%) dan β-santalol (11,38%), yang memenuhi standar kualitas internasional, sementara Nglanggeran dan Wanagama didominasi oleh alkana (5,76–8,45%). Temuan ini konsisten dengan pengamatan global mengenai pengaruh asal benih (provenance) terhadap komposisi minyak Santalum album.
Statistik deskriptif (rata-rata, rentang, koefisien variasi) digunakan untuk perbandingan lokasi, memberikan alternatif praktis untuk skrining silvikultur tahap awal. Protokol yang sederhana dan hemat biaya ini memungkinkan praktisi mengidentifikasi lokasi optimal untuk produksi minyak bernilai tinggi.
Penelitian ini merekomendasikan Petir sebagai lokasi unggulan untuk hasil minyak premium dan menyarankan penerapan perlakuan stres terkendali di lokasi lain guna meningkatkan sintesis santalol. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyediakan kerangka kerja praktis untuk mengintegrasikan profil kimia GC-MS dalam pengambilan keputusan silvikultur dan mendukung verifikasi forensik asal Santalum album L. di masa depan.
Kata kunci: Cendana (Santalum album L.); Profiling GC-MS; Gunungkidul; implikasi silvikultur; senyawa volatil kayu.Santalum album L. (sandalwood) is one of the world’s most valuable aromatic tree species, with oil quality largely determined by α- and β-santalol content. Despite extensive studies in India and Australia, little is known about how ecological variation in Java shapes the chemical composition of S. album wood. This research objective is to identify volatile compounds in the outerwood ofS.album from Nglanggeran, Wanagama, and Petir, Gunungkidul, as a preliminary study with implications for S. album silviculture. Samples were obtained from three mature trees per site, extracted with n-hexane, and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Fourteen volatile compounds were detected across sites, comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons (undecane,pentadecane, dodecane, trimethyl isomers, hexadecane) and sesquiterpene alcohols (α- and β-santalol). The results show that the S. album compound profile differs across the 3 research sites. In this research, α-santalol (21.18 ± 12.87 %) and β-santalol (6.54 ± 4.19 %) were detected only in samples from Petir and Nglanggeran. The dominant compounds in the samples from Nglanggeranand Wanagama are alkane groups. The results stipulate that Petir has the prospective to produce good sandalwood oil. This preliminary study also shows the use of applying a phytochemistry profile to specify area-specific chemical expression in sandalwood. While the present results are based on a limited set of detectable compounds, they provide an initial foundation for identifying promising production areas, and more extensive, replicated research will be vital to boost and validate these initial findings
Household Climate Resilience Index and Its Determinants: An Empirical Study in DKI Jakarta
No full textClimate change has intensified environmental pressures in urban coastal areas, particularly in DKI Jakarta, where recurrent flooding, tidal inundation, and heat extremes threaten urban sustainability. This study developed a Household Climate Resilience Index (HCRI) to assess the resilience of urban households to climate-related hazards using a robust principal analysis (RPCA) framework. The analysis was based on household survey data from 221 respondents across 17 urban villages in Jakarta, encompassing four resilience dimensions: exposure, sensitivity, incremental adaptation, and transformational adaptation. RPCA with a minimum covariance determinant estimator was applied to minimize the influence of outliers and ensure stable component estimation. The results reveal clear spatial heterogeneity in resilience, characterized by a distinct north–south gradient: northern coastal areas such as Kamal, Koja, and Pluit show the lowest resilience due to high flood exposure and land subsidence, whereas central and southern areas exhibit stronger adaptive capacity. The key determinants of resilience include flood frequency, household education levels, per-family expenditure, and proactive adaptation behaviors. The Kendall correlation test (τ = 0.518, p = 0.015) confirmed a significant positive association between flood occurrence and low resilience levels. The developed HCRI provides a robust, data-driven framework to support targeted climate adaptation policies and urban resilience planning in Jakarta, Indonesia. HCRI outputs, together with the identified key determinants (flood frequency, education, per-family expenditure, and proactive adaptation), can guide the prioritization of urban environmental management and adaptation investments in the most vulnerable urban villages, including drainage upgrading, land subsidence control, and coastal protection
Land Use Dynamics and Rural-urban Transformation of Kedungsepur Metropolitan Area in Central Java Province, Indonesia
No full textUrbanization represents a dominant worldwide phenomenon that increasingly transforms spatial system and ecological conditions across regions. The Kedungsepur Metropolitan area in Central Java Province, Indonesia, comprises Kendal, Demak, Ungaran (Semarang Regency), Semarang City, Salatiga, and Purwodadi (Grobogan) and represents one of the country’s rapidlydeveloping metropolitan regions. This metropolitan area provides a representative case for examining how urbanization shapes land use transitions, spatial clustering, and sustainability disparities within an underexplored integrative metropolitan perspective. This study aims to quantify land use and land cover (LUCC) change and assess rural-urban transformation. This study applies a gain-loss analysis to assess LULC dynamics, employs the rural urban index (RUI), uses spatial autocorrelation index (Moran’s I and Local Indicator for Spatial Association/LISA). Based on the LUCC analysis, extensive forest conversion to dryland agriculture and built-upareas occurred, totaling 64,739.09 ha, while the number of urban villages increased from 235 to 302 between 2012 and 2022. Kendal experienced the highest level of urban transformation (31%), whereas Salatiga and Grobogan showed minimal change (6%). A Moran’s I value of 0.83 indicates a strong spatial clustering of urban growth. The findings highlight the need of integrated spatial planning and strengthened urban-rural transformation as key strategies for achieve sustainable regional development.Urbanisasi telah menjadi tren global di abad ini dan merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari proses pembangunan. Kawasan Metropolitan Kedungsepur yang meliputi Kendal, Demak, Ungaran, Salatiga, Semarang, dan Purwodadi terus mengalami urbanisasi yang signifikan. Dampak dari proses ini tidak hanya terlihat pada perubahan demografi, tetapi juga pada perubahan pola penggunaan lahan dan transformasi wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tren urbanisasi di Kawasan Metropolitan Kedungsepur dengan melihat perubahan penggunaan lahan secara fisik dan pola spasial. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menganalisis transformasi wilayah perdesaan menjadi wilayah perkotaan. Perubahan tutupan lahan dinilai dengan menggunakan pendekatan gain-loss, sedangkan transformasi dari perdesaan ke perkotaan dievaluasi melalui Rural-Urban Index (RUI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama satu dekade terakhir, kawasan hutan di Kedungsepur telah berkurang secara signifikan, sementara kawasan terbangun terus bertambah. Sebanyak 67 unit wilayah telah mengalami transformasi dari desa ke kota, membentuk pola yang mengelompok, dengan perubahan yang paling menonjol terjadi di Kabupaten Kendal
Role of Insect Pests in Minapadi Systems as Natural Feed for Catfish and TheirImpact on Pest Control
No full textMinapadi is a term for the integrated cultivation of rice and fish. This study aimed to: (1) determine the potential of insect pests from the rice field ecosystem as a natural feed source for catfish in a Minapadi system; and (2) analyze the system\u27s effectiveness in naturally controlling insect pest populations in rice. Three experimental plots were established: Plot A combined a rice field with acatfish pond equipped with a light trap; Plot B combined a rice field with a catfish pond without a light trap; and Plot C was a rice field alone, serving as a control. The methodology encompassed land preparation and plot layout, maintenance of rice and catfish, insect sampling, measurement of rice plant growth parameters, assessment of catfish weight and protein content, and statistical data analysis. The potential of insects as feed was indicated by the significant abundance of captured insects, categorized as either pests or natural enemies. Insect abundance across all plots increased weekly during observations. The insect pest diversity index was moderate in the integrated plots (A and B) and low in the control plot (C). The diversity index for natural enemies was moderate acrossall three plots. Statistical analysis revealed that the variation in insect pest abundance and diversity did not significantly influence the protein content levels measured in the catfish. Over all, Minapadi framework demonstrates promise as a component of integrated pest management however supplemental strategies such as light traps may be necessary to enhance control of specific pestpopulations
Shared Habitat Distribution of Javan Hawk-eagle, Javan Leopard, and JavanGibbon in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia
No full textGunung Halimun Salak National Park (NP) is recognized as an important habitat for rare or key species of Java Island such as the Javan Hawk-eagle, Javan leopard, and Javan gibbon. Although these species exhibit different movement patterns (aerial, arboreal, and terrestrial), their spatial overlap within the landscape suggests potential ecological interactions, particularly within the trophic structure which is rarely integrated before. This study aims to identify, describe, and provide recommendations for the management of key species shared habitats based on spatial approach. Spatial analysis was used to examine the distribution of shared habitats and their biophysical characteristics, including land cover, elevation, and slope. A literature and policy review was conducted to align the findings with existing Conservation Strategies and Action Plans, based on applicable regulations and NP zonation. The analysis reveals that habitat distribution within the NP is categorized into 28.78% two key species and 55.84% three key species shared habitat. Biophysically, key species shared habitat is primarily found in forested areas between 500–1,500 meters above sea level (masl), and mostly located on steep slope around 25–45%. In terms of Gunung Halimun Salak NP zonation, two key species and three key species habitats are mainly located within the core, forest, and use zones of the Gunung Halimun Salak NP. The recommendations are developed aligned with the Conservation Strategy and Action Plan, regulations, and NP zonation for the comprehensive and integrated habitat management strategies of the key species shared habitat
Utilization of Biomass in Sustainable Integrated Dairy and Coffee Farming: CaseStudy Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia
No full textThe agricultural sector plays a strategic role in improving economic sustainability and responding to environmental challenges. A sustainable agricultural approach based on the integration of coffee and dairy cattle is a potential solution to these challenges. This study aims to analyze financial feasibility by comparing two types of coffee and dairy cattle integration farming systems, namelytype 1 (existing coffee-dairy cattle integration) and type 2 (improved integration). The difference between the two types lies in the connectivity of input and output use in the integration system. The method used is financial feasibility analysis with investment criteria indicators in the form of NPV, IRR, Net B/C, and payback period. The research was conducted in Boyolali Regency. The resultsof the financial feasibility analysis show that the improved coffee and dairy cow integration type (type 2) is financially superior to type 1, with an NPV of IDR 1,714,402,922.83 and an IRR of 22%, far exceeding type 1 (IRR of 16%), with a payback period of 6 years and 8 months. This financial benefit came from lower costs for feed, energy, and fertilizer, as well as big economic gains from diversifyingproducts that came from making better use of waste. Using biodigester technology to turn biomass into energy is another way to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions from manure waste. These findings provide a strong basis for encouraging the implementation of improved coffee and dairy cow integration through a series of fiscal incentive policies and farmer assistance