Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management)
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Peran Ketahanan Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, dan Kedisiplinan Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Penanganan COVID-19
Get PDFSalah satu upaya penanggulangan COVID-19 adalah melalui pendekatan ketahanan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya serta disiplin Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengalaman Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam menanggulangi COVID-19 dari aspek ketahanan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya serta ketegasan pemerintah dalam berkoordinasi dengan berbagai pihak dalam penanganan COVID-19. Studi kualitatif dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dengan BPBD dan Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa Sumut telah mengembangkan potensi daerah untuk meningkatkan perekonomian dan UKM di masa pandemi. Beberapa kegiatan seperti alokasi anggaran untuk program bisnis dan industri padat karya, penguatan sektor riil dan UKM, serta pengembangan program Budikdamber dan Kampung Paten untuk memperkuat ketahanan pangan, mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan menekan inflasi. Disiplin dan ketegasan dalam koordinasi antar pihak seperti penutupan perbatasan antar provinsi; bantuan di bidang sosial dan kesehatan; pengendalian dan penegakan disiplin protokol kesehatan; sosialisasi, simulasi, dan edukasi tentang COVID-19. Sinergi membangun kekuatan bersama menjalankan protokol kesehatan dan semangat dalam merevitalisasi perekonomian daerah menentukan keberhasilan Provinsi Sumut dalam menangani COVID-19One of the efforts of tackling COVID-19 is through the social, economic, and cultural resilience approach and the discipline of the Government of North Sumatera Province. This study aimed to explore the experience of the North Sumatra Province in tackling the COVID-19 from the aspect of social, economic, and cultural resilience and the firmness of the government in coordinating with various parties in the management COVID-19. The qualitative study conducted an in-depth interview with the BPBD and Provincial Health Office of North Sumatera Province. The study showed that North Sumatera had developed the regional potential to improve the economy and small medium enterprises during pandemic. Several activities such as a budget allocation for labor-intensive business and industrial programs, strengthening the real sector and small medium enterprises, and developing Budikdamber program and Kampung Paten to strengthen food security, support economic growth, and reduce inflation. Discipline and firmness in coordination between parties such as inter-provincial border closure; assistance in social and health sector; control and enforcement of discipline on health protocols; socialization, simulation, and education on COVID-19. Synergy to build strength together to carry out health protocols and the spirit in revitalizing the local economy determine the success of North Sumatera Province in managing COVID-19.
 
Mapping mangrove forest distribution on Banten, Jakarta, and West Java Ecotone Zone from Sentinel-2-derived indices using cloud computing based Random Forest
Get PDFEkosistem mangrove merupakan kawasan yang sangat potensial, umumnya berada di kawasan ekoton (kombinasi kawasan intertidal dan supratidal), dimana terdapat interaksi antara perairan (laut, air payau, dan sungai) dengan kawasan daratan. Indonesia khususnya wilayah Banten dan Jawa Barat memiliki kawasan mangrove yang sangat luas dan saat ini terancam alih fungsi lahan. Apalagi pemetaan sebaran hutan bakau menggunakan platform Google Earth Engine berbasis Cloud Computing kurang dipublikasikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memperkenalkan sebaran hutan mangrove yang melibatkan metode algoritma klasifikasi Random Forest (RF), dan mencari modifikasi indeks yang terbaik. Uji kombinasi dilakukan dengan melibatkan indeks NDVI, EVI, ARVI, SLAVI, IRECI, RVI, DVI, SAVI, IBI, GNDVI, NDWI, MNDWI, dan LSWI. Sebaran mangrove terdapat di tiga provinsi (Jawa Barat, Banten, dan DKI Jakarta) yaitu seluas 933,54 ha (8,372%), 1.537,89 ha (18,231%), dan 8.184,82 ha (73,397%). Dari 70 pengujian kombinasi, indeks LSWI (K13, Type-A) merupakan kombinasi dengan tingkat akurasi terendah sebesar 58,45% (Overal Accuracy) dan 39,59 (Kappa statistik), dan kombinasi K23 (SAVI-MNDWI-IBI) merupakan kombinasi yang terbaik yaitu 96,48% dan 92,79. Hasil dan rekomendasi dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menentukan kebijakan perlindungan kawasan mangrove dan referensi untuk penelitian selanjutnya.Mangrove ecosystem is a very potential area, generally located in ecoton areas (a combination of intertidal and supratidal areas), where there is interaction between waters (sea, brackish water, and rivers) with land areas. Indonesia, especially the Banten and West Java regions, have vast mangrove areas and are currently under threat of land conversion. Moreover, mapping the distribution of mangrove forests using the Google Earth Engine platform based on Cloud Computing is less published. Therefore, this research was conducted by introducing the distribution of mangrove forests which involved the Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm method, and looking for the best modification of the index. The combination test was carried out by involving the NDVI, EVI, ARVI, SLAVI, IRECI, RVI, DVI, SAVI, IBI, GNDVI, NDWI, MNDWI, and LSWI indexes. There is a distribution of mangroves in three provinces (West Java, Banten, and Jakarta) which are 933.54 ha (8.372%), 1,537.89 ha (18.231%), and 8,184.82 ha (73.397%). Of the 70 combination tests, the LSWI index (K13, Type-A) is the combination with the lowest accuracy rate of 58.45% (Overal Accuracy) and 39.59 (Kappa statistic), and the combination of K23 (SAVI-MNDWI-IBI) is a combination the best are 96.48% and 92.79. The results and recommendations in this study are expected to be used as a reference in determining policies for the protection of mangrove areas and a reference for further researc
Characteristics of Soil Hydraulic Conductivity in Natural Forest, Agricultural Land, and Green Open Space Area
Get PDFSoil hydraulic conductivity is one of the important soil characteristics that determines the amount and proportion of water that will be infiltrated into the soil column and flowing as surface runoff. It is strongly influenced by soil porosity and soil characteristics that affect the soil porosity such as soil texture and structure and soil organic matter content (internally factors) as well as land management and the intensity of plant canopy cover (external factors). This research is aimed to identify the character of soil hydraulics conductivity in different landuse that consist of forest, agricultural land (moor land, cacao plantations, intensive and conservation annual crops), and green open space areas. The results showed that: a) forest conversion into agricultural land led to the decline of soil quality such as decreased levels of soil organic matter, soil porosity and distribution of soil pores so that the conversion of forest land into agricultural land decreases the soil hydraulic conductivity of both for the initial value and saturated hydraulic conductivity; b) forets canopy cover density affects the soil quality and soil hydraulics conductivity, where high canopy cover has the higher value of soil hydraulics conductivity compared to medium and low canopy forest; c) Situgede tourism forest has the lowest soil hydraulics conductivity compared to other forest types; d) soil hydraulics conductivity in conservation annual crops is higher than intensive annual crops land and Situgede tourism forest and it’s not significantly different from the soil hydraulics conductivity in low canopy forest; and e) soil hydraulics conductivity in green open spaces area were strongly determined by the naturalness of landscape and human intervention level on its formation and management, where the UI city forest and Lembah Gurame city park which were function as ecotourism areas has the lower soil hydraulics conductivity compared to great forest park
Civil Society Participation Model: Forest and Land Fire Prevention Policy in Jambi Province
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah di Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dan sumber data diperoleh melalui wawancara, media online, berita online, dan jurnal terkait penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi pengolahan data NVivo 12 plus, alat analisis dokumen kualitatif dengan bantuan komputer. Mereka mudah digunakan dan dapat memproses kata dan mengeksplorasi frekuensi kata, atribut, dan kasus dari data besar, menghasilkan kategori faktor dalam aplikasi jurnalistik dan penelitian yang terkait dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah membuat strategi untuk mendorong partisipasi masyarakat dalam kerjasama pengelolaan lingkungan khususnya dalam mengatasi masalah kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Jambi. Reaksi informal dari masyarakat dapat dilihat melalui kebijakan pemerintah untuk membuat program Kelompok Peduli Kebakaran yang dilatarbelakangi oleh aspirasi masyarakat terhadap kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Pemerintah membentuk Kelompok Peduli Kebakaran untuk menekan angka kebakaran hutan dan lahan.This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence community participation in forest and land fire prevention. The focus of this research is on Jambi Province. This study used a qualitative descriptive method, and the data sources were obtained through interviews, online media, online news, and research-related journals. Data analysis used the NVivo 12 plus data processing application, a qualitative document analysis tool with the help of a computer. They are easy to use and can process words and explore word frequency, attributes, and cases from big data, generating factor categories in journalistic and research applications related to the research topic. The results showed that the government made a strategy to encourage community participation in environmental management cooperation, especially in overcoming the problem of forest and land fires in Jambi Province. Informal reactions from the community can be seen through the government\u27s policy to create a Fire Care Group program that is motivated by community aspirations for forest and land fires. The government formed the Fire Care Group to reduce the number of forest and land fires
Potential Environmental Impact of Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil using LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) in Indonesia
Get PDFProduksi energi primer di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 yang terdiri dari minyak bumi, gas bumi, batu bara, dan energi terbarukan mencapai 1.504 juta SBM (Setara Barel Minyak). Ketergantungan penggunaan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) terutama di sektor transportasi masih tinggi. Komitmen global terhadap pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca, mendorong pemerintah Indonesia untuk mendukung peran energi baru dan terbarukan. Penilaian siklus hidup (LCA) telah menjadi teknik populer yang diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan, konsumsi energi dan emisi GRK (Gas Rumah Kaca) dari produksi biofuel. Untuk mengevaluasi dampak siklus hidup biodiesel, banyak tahapan yang harus dipertimbangkan termasuk perubahan penggunaan lahan, perkebunan, milling, pemurnian, konversi bahan bakar. Sudah ada beberapa penelitian yang melaporkan siklus hidup produksi minyak sawit. Namun, sebagian besar masih berfokus pada emisi GRK dan kebutuhan energi. Oleh karena itu, dalam makalah ini akan menyajikan LCA dengan kategori dampak yang lebih luas dari produksi biodiesel di Indonesia mulai dari fase perkebunan hingga fase produksi. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyumbang utama dampak lingkungan produksi biodisel adalah penggunaan pupuk pada tahap perkebunan dan proses transesterifikasi pada pabrik biodiesel.Primary energy production in Indonesia in 2018 consisting of petroleum, natural gas, coal and renewable energy reached 1,504 million BOE (Barrel of Oil Equivalent). Dependence on the use of fuel oil (BBM), especially in the transportation sector, is still high. The global commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions encourages the Indonesian government to support the role of new and renewable energy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become a popular technique applied to evaluate the environmental impact, energy consumption and GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions of biofuel production. To evaluate the life cycle impact of biodiesel, many steps have to be considered including land use change, plantation, milling, refining, fuel conversion. There have been several studies reporting the life cycle of palm oil production. However, most of them are still focused on GHG emissions and energy needs. Therefore, this paper will present LCA with broader impact categories of biodiesel production in Indonesia from the plantation phase to the production phase. Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the main contributor to the environmental impact of biodiesel production is the use of fertilizers at the plantation stage and the transesterification process at the biodiesel plan
Pengaruh Insektisida Klorpirifos Terhadap Struktur Histologi Intestinum Ikan Wader Pari (Rasbora lateristriata Bleeker, 1854)
No full textChlorpyrifos is one of commonly used insecticides. However, the use of insecticides in agriculture has negative impacts including lethal effect to non-target organisms. Wader pari fish is a type of freshwater fish that lives in rice fields or rivers and can be used as an indicator of water pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine the intestinal histological structure, the histopathological effect of chlorpyrifos on intestine, and population number of goblet cells, respectively. The treatment concentration of 0.001; 0.005; and 0.01 ppm were determined by preliminary trial and exposed for 168 hours. Fish behavior and water quality were monitored. The fish were still alive until the last day of exposure were then made intestinal histological preparations using the paraffin method and staining with Haematoxylin Eosin (HE), Mallory Acid Fuchsin (MAF), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). The results showed that the histological structure of the wader pari intestine consisted of mucosal tunica, submucosal tunica, muscularis tunica, and serous tunica. Furthermore, chlorpyrifos has a significant effect on population number of goblet cells. The intestine damages were edema, vacuolization, cloudy swelling, hemorrhage, lysis, and fusion of vili. It could be concluded that chlorpyrifos caused intestinal damage in wader pari fish.Chlorpyrifos is one of commonly used insecticides. However, the use of insecticides in agriculture has negative impacts including lethal effect to non-target organisms. Wader pari fish is a type of freshwater fish that lives in rice fields or rivers and can be used as an indicator of water pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine the intestinal histological structure, the histopathological effect of chlorpyrifos on intestine, and population number of goblet cells, respectively. The treatment concentration of 0.001; 0.005; and 0.01 ppm were determined by preliminary trial and exposed for 168 hours. Fish behavior and water quality were monitored. The fish were still alive until the last day of exposure were then made intestinal histological preparations using the paraffin method and staining with Haematoxylin Eosin (HE), Mallory Acid Fuchsin (MAF), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). The results showed that the histological structure of the wader pari intestine consisted of mucosal tunica, submucosal tunica, muscularis tunica, and serous tunica. Furthermore, chlorpyrifos has a significant effect on population number of goblet cells. The intestine damages were edema, vacuolization, cloudy swelling, hemorrhage, lysis, and fusion of vili. It could be concluded that chlorpyrifos caused intestinal damage in wader pari fish
The diversity and function of useful plant species for Bali Aga Community in Bukit Kangin Forest, Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Karangasem Regency, Bali
Get PDFSalah satu desa di Bali yang masih menjalankan kesehariannya secara tradisional adalah desa Tenganan Pegringsingan. Desa ini terletak di Kecamatan Manggis, Kabupaten Karangasem, Provinsi Bali. Desa ini merupakan desa Bali Age (desa asli Bali). Desa ini memiliki tiga bukit, yaitu Bukit Kangin, Bukit Kauh, dan Bukit Kaja. Kondisi hutan sangat lestari, karena dikelola secara tradisional. Di dalamnya terdapat berbagai jenis tumbuhan, ada yang dimanfaatkan secara tradisional dan ada beberapa jenis tumbuhan yang belum dimanfaatkan secara tradisional. Sementara itu, belum ada penelitian yang mencatat jenis tumbuhan yang ada di hutan, baik yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat maupun yang belum dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis tumbuhan bermanfaat di hutan desa Tenganan Pegringsingan, Bali. dan untuk mengetahui indeks keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan bermanfaat di hutan desa Tenganan Pegringsingan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh jenis tumbuhan bermanfaat yang ada di kawasan hutan Bukit Kangin. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh jenis tumbuhan bermanfaat yang tercakup dalam petak berukuran 20x20m (untuk pendataan spesies habitus dewasa), 10x10m (untuk pancang), dan 1x1m (untuk semai), 65 petak untuk setiap pengambilan data. Komposisi jenis tumbuhan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan indeks keanekaragaman mengacu pada Shannon-Wiener. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis pemerataan (E) dan kekayaan jenis (R). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat 77 jenis tumbuhan di hutan Bukit Kangin. Berdasarkan sosial budaya Tenganan Pegringsingan Bali Aga, 46 jenis (60%) merupakan jenis tumbuhan yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat setempat, sedangkan sisanya 31 jenis tumbuhan (40%) merupakan jenis tumbuhan yang belum dimanfaatkan, (2) Terdapat 31 famili tumbuhan yang terdiri dari 46 jenis tumbuhan bermanfaat dengan jumlah individu sebanyak 2.249 jenis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar (60%) tumbuhan tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat dan 40% tidak dimanfaatkan secara tradisional oleh masyarakat setempat. Tumbuhan bermanfaat yang dimanfaatkan secara tradisional oleh masyarakat setempat adalah untuk keperluan bahan upacara keagamaan (Hindu) sebanyak 29 jenis tumbuhan (35,80%), untuk keperluan pengobatan sebanyak 18 jenis tumbuhan (27,70%), pangan sebanyak 17 jenis tumbuhan. (20,99%), kebutuhan bahan papan sebanyak 13 jenis tumbuhan (16,05%), kebutuhan sandang dan bahan industri sebanyak 2 jenis tumbuhan (2,47%).One of the villages in Bali that is still running its daily life traditionally is Tenganan Pegringsingan village. This village is located in Manggis District, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province. This village is a Bali Age village (original Balinese village). This village has three hills, namely Kangin Hill, Kauh Hill, and Kaja Hill. The condition of the forest is very sustainable, because it is managed traditionally. There are various plant species in it, some are used traditionally and there are some plant species that have not been used traditionally. In the meantime, there has been no research that has recorded the plant species in the forest, both those that can be used by the local community and those that have not been utilized. This study were to determine the composition of useful plant species in the forest of Tenganan Pegringsingan village, Bali. and to determine the diversity index of useful plant species in the forest of Tenganan Pegringsingan village. This study was an explorative study. The population of this study was the entire useful plant species in the area of Bukit Kangin forest. The sample of this study was the entire useful plant species covered by the squares sized of 20x20m (for data collection of mature habitus species), 10x10m (for sapling), and 1x1m (for seedling), 65 squares for each data collection. The plant species composition analyzed descriptively and diversity index refers to Shannon-Wiener. Then, it followed by the analysis of equity (E) and species richness (R). The results of the study showed that (1) there were 77 plant species in Bukit Kangin forest. Based on the Tenganan Pegringsingan Bali Aga social culture, 46 of them (60%) were useful plant species for the local people, whereas the remaining 31 plant species (40%) were the unutilized plant species, (2) There were 31 plant families which consisted of 46 useful plant species with as many as 2,249 total species individual. The conclusion of this research is the majority (60%) of these plants is used by the local community and 40% are not traditionally used by the local community. Useful plants traditionally utilized by local communities are for the purposes of religious ceremonial material (Hindu) as many as 29 plant species (35.80%), for medicinal purposes as many as 18 plant species (27.70%), as many as 17 plant species food ( 20.99%), the need for board materials is 13 plant species (16.05%), the need for clothing and industrial materials is 2 plant species (2.47%)
Production of Bioplastics Made from Organic Waste with Addition of Tapioca Flour and Glycerol
No full textBioplastik merupakan plastik yang dapat terurai karena sifatnya yang dapat kembali ke alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji komposisi yang optimal untuk pembuatan bioplastik dengan berbagai variasi komposisi bahan baku. Perbandingan komposisi limbah kulit pisang raja:tepung tapioka:gliserol berturut-turut 1:10:7,5 (sampel A) dan 1:13:11,25 (sampel B). Perbandingan komposisi limbah nasi:tepung tapioka:gliserol pada sampel C dan D masing-masing adalah 1:10:7,5 dan 1:13:11,25. Bioplastik diproses dengan cara komposit limbah kulit pisang raja atau nasi yang dikeringkan sampai kadar air 70%. Aquades sebanyak 30 mL ditambahkan pada bioplastik dan dipanaskan sampai mengental. Bioplastik dicetak dalam loyang saat masih panas dan di oven dengan suhu 117˚C, lalu di dinginkan pada suhu ruang. Komposisi yang optimal dari pembuatan bioplastik terdapat pada sampel B dengan nilai uji biodegradasi 58% dan memiliki kandungan bioplastik dengan gugus fungsi O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O dan =C-H pada hasil uji FTIR. Nilai baku mutu uji kuat tarik dan uji pemanjangan saat putus pada sampel B memiliki nilai berturut-turut sebasar 10,9 MPa dan 29%.Bioplastic is a plastic that can be decomposed because it can return to nature. This study aims to examine the optimal composition for the of bioplastics with various compositions of raw material. Comparison of the composition of waste banana peel:tapioca flour:glycerol, respectively 1:10:7,5 (sample A) and 1:13:11,25 (sample B). The ratio of the composition of waste rice:tapioca flour:glycerol in sample C and D is 1:10:7,5 and 1:13:11,25, respectively. Bioplastics are processed by using a composite of banana peel or rice waste which is dried to a moisture content of 70%. 30 mL of distilled water was added to the bioplastic and heated until thickened. The bioplastic is molded in a baking sheet while it is still hot and in an oven at 117˚C, then cooled at room temperature. The optimal composition of bioplastic is found in sample B with a biodegradation test value of 58% and contains bioplastics with functional groups O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O and =C-H in the FTIR test results. The quality standard values for the tensile strength test and elongation test at break in sample B have values of 10.9 MPa and 29%, respectively
The Dynamics of Spatial Utilization and Tenurial Conflict in Conservation Area of Moyo Island, West Nusa Tenggara
Get PDFBanyak studi terdahulu yang mengangkat persoalan agraria di Indonesia, namun terbatas yang mengkaji dalam konteks pulau kecil yang ditetapkan sebagai kawasan konservasi. Mengisi celah tersebut, tulisan ini menganalisis dinamika pemanfaatan ruang dan konflik tenurial di kawasan konservasi Pulau Moyo, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Menggunakan metode kualitatif, pengumpulan data dilakukan lewat observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan 20 informan kunci, dan sumber sekunder. Kajian ini mengungkapkan bahwa praktik pemanfaatan ruang di Pulau Moyo problematis, yang pada gilirannya berujung pada konflik tenurial. Kawasan hutan secara terbuka dan kolektif telah dirambah oleh masyarakat setempat untuk menjadi lahan pertanian, akibat kurangnya pengawasan area oleh pemerintah daerah. Sementara itu praktik penangkapan ikan dan kegiatan pariwisata yang ekstensif mengancam kelangsungan jangka panjang terumbu karang di wilayah pesisir. Pusparagam masalah tersebut juga terkait dengan konflik tenurial antara masyarakat lokal dengan Balai Konservasi Alam Nusa Tenggara Barat mengenai batas-batas tanah serta masalah antara masyarakat lokal dan swasta dalam jual beli properti di bawah meja. Di akhir tulisan, studi ini menawarkan rekomendasi kebijakan bagi para pemangku kepentingan terkait untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan di kawasan konservasi Pulau Moyo.Much has been studied about the agrarian issues and its conflicts in Indonesia, but few of them have been explored in the context of small islands designated as a conservation areas. To fill the gap, this paper aims to analyze the dynamics of spatial utilization and tenurial conflict in the conservation area of Moyo Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Based on qualitative methods, the data was gathered through observation, in-depth interviews with 20 key informants, and secondary sources. This study reveals that spatial utilization practices on Moyo Island are problematic which has triggered a conflict as consequence. Forest areas have been openly and collectively encroached on by the local community to become agricultural land due to a lack of control by the local government as the authority. Meanwhile, extensive fishing practices and tourism activities are threatening the long-term viability of coral reefs in coastal areas. These difficulties are also intertwined with tenurial conflicts between local communities and Nature Conservation Agency of West Nusa Tenggara regarding land boundaries as well as the problem among local people and the private sector purchasing and selling property under the table. All in all, this study offers policy recommendations to resolve those problems on conservation area of Moyo Island
Keberadaan bakteri multiresisten Escherichia coli penghasil ESBL/AmpC, Klebsiella oxytoca dan Kluyvera spp. diisolasi dari lingkungan ayam rumah potong hewan di Pondok Rumput, Bogor, Indonesia: Keberadaan bakteri multiresisten Escherichia coli penghasil ESBL/AmpC, Klebsiella oxytoca dan Kluyvera spp. diisolasi dari lingkungan ayam rumah potong hewan di Pondok Rumput, Bogor, Indonesia
No full textDalam beberapa tahun terakhir, bakteri resisten multidrug meningkat secara signifikan dan mencemari karkas ayam melalui rantai produksi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi keberadaan Enterobactericeae penghasil ESBL/AmpC yang dikumpulkan dari lingkungan pemotongan ayam. Sampel diambil sebelum proses penyembelihan dari beberapa titik lokasi yang telah ditentukan. Dari total 84 sampel yang diuji, 30 isolat positif Enterobactericeae terdiri dari 22 isolat E. coli, 6 isolat Klebsiella oxytoca, dan 1 isolat Kluyvera spp. Uji konfirmasi fenotipik ESBL/AmpC dan uji resisten antibiotik terhadap 18 jenis antibiotik dilakukan dengan menggunakan kit komersial MASTDISCS D68C dan uji kepekaan difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer dengan interpretasi CLSI (2014). Semua isolat menunjukkan resistensi terhadap penisilin, ampisilin, amoksisilin, sefotaksim, sefpodoksim, seftazidim dan beberapa isolat menunjukkan resistensi terhadap streptomisin, gentamisin, trimetoprim-sulfametoksasol, tetrasiklin, kanamisin, doksisiklin, colistin sulfat, sefalotin dan polimiksin, neomisin. keberadaan Enterobactericeae penghasil ESBL/AmpC yang ditemukan pada wadah karkas, wadah jeroan, lantai karkas, area penanganan jeroan, pisau dan mesin penarik bulu. Adanya bakteri resisten di lingkungan pemotongan ayam dapat menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi antibiotik dan transmisi gen resistensi terhadap bakteri lain yang dapat menyebar ke karkas yang berpotensi merugikan manusia.In the last few years, multidrug resistant bacteria increased significantly and contaminated chicken carcass through production chain. This study identified the presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobactericeae collected from the environment of chicken slaughterhouses. Samples were taken before slaughtering process from several points of determined locations. From a total of 84 samples tested, 30 isolates were positive of Enterobactericeae comprising of 22 isolates of E. coli, 6 isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca, and 1 isolate of Kluyvera spp. Confirmation test of ESBL/AmpC phenotypic and antibiotic resistant test to 18 kinds of antibiotics were conducted using MASTDISCS D68C commercial kit and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test with CLSI (2014) interpretation. All of isolates showed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime and some isolates show resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulphametoxasol, tetracycline, kanamycin, doxycyclin, colistin sulphate, cephalothin, neomycin and polymyxin B. This study demonstrated the existence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobactericeae that were found on the carcasses container, offal container, floors of carcasses, offal handling area, knives and feathers puller machine. The existence of resistant bacteria in the environment of chicken slaughterhouse can lead to occurrence of antibiotic resistant and transmission of resistance genes to other bacteria that could spread to the carcass that was potentially harmful to humans