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Il diritto penale tributario tra questioni problematiche e prospettive di riforma
No full textDagli albori del diritto penale tributario alla recente riforma del sistema sanzionatorio in materia fiscale. Il D. Lgs. n. 74/00 e le sue successive modificazioni: previsioni comuni e peculiarità dell'illecito penal-tributario. Le principali fattispecie incriminatrici alla luce del D. Lgs. n. 158 del 2015. L'ampliamento dell'area di rilevanza degli illeciti penal-tributari. Il rapporto tra il nuovo diritto penale tributario e i principi fondamentali del sistema.Dagli albori del diritto penale tributario alla recente riforma del sistema sanzionatorio in materia fiscale. Il D. Lgs. n. 74/00 e le sue successive modificazioni: previsioni comuni e peculiarità dell'illecito penal-tributario. Le principali fattispecie incriminatrici alla luce del D. Lgs. n. 158 del 2015. L'ampliamento dell'area di rilevanza degli illeciti penal-tributari. Il rapporto tra il nuovo diritto penale tributario e i principi fondamentali del sistema.LUISS PhD Thesi
A new look on family business internationalization: noneconomic goals in family firms and strategic decisions
No full textFamily firms are defined as those organizations owned and usually also managed by a controlling family (Shanker and Astrachan, 1996; Lansberg, 1999). The importance of family firms in developed and emerging markets as well as among top MNEs is progressively growing (Birley, 2001; Carr and Bateman, 2009). Accordingly, the internationalization of family business is receiving increasing attention by scholars and developing into a significant research area (Pukall and Calabrò, 2014). Prior research has demonstrated that when family firms go international they show a peculiar behavior compared to firms with different ownership structures and related to the distinctive character of the family business (Thomas and Graves, 2005; Fernandez and Nieto, 2006; Claver et al., 2009): given the duality of economic and non-economic goals, a growing body of research has demonstrated that family involvement in ownership and/or management deeply affects firms’ strategic decisions, including internationalization. Nevertheless this field of inquiry is still in its infancy and the distinctive features of family firms’ international behavior have been only partially addressed (Kontinen and Ojala, 2010).
In order to contribute to international business and family firms literature, the dissertation is a collection of three studies organized as follows. The first study is a theoretical and empirical investigation on the relationship about different family ownership structures and entry modes. To develop this study I cooperated with “Università Politecnica delle Marche” and used their dataset on Italian medium-sized family firms. Relying on a sample of 368 foreign market entries related to 204 Italian medium-sized family firms, I show that different types of ownership structures within family
firms differently influence entry modes. I also provide evidence that non-family managers moderate the relation between family ownership and entry modes strategic decisions. Whereas prior studies have focused on the relationship between family involvement in the ownership and/or management influences the degree of internationalization, this study highlights how family firms enter into foreign market and how differences within the family ownership structure may differently drive strategic decisions.
The second study focuses on family leaders’ strategic decision making and the subsidiary ownership policy i.e. the choice between forming a Joint Venture (JV) or setting up a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary (WOS). This study – developed in cooperation with Bocconi University – relies on a sample of 3,939 subsidiary ownership policies run by 586 family-controlled firms with more than 50 million of euros of revenues. I show that family leaders are either more or less willing to preserve their Socioemotional Wealth (SEW) – entering the foreign market by a wholly owned subsidiary – in relation to the level of performance hazard, the identity fit between the family and the business and the cultural distance between the home and the host country. This study contributes to the growing debate on the contextual nature of SEW preservation logic by theoretically and empirically challenging the prevalent notion that major managerial decision in family-controlled firms are driven by SEW preservation goals, even if doing so might entail higher financial risks or lower performance (Gomez-Mejia et al., 2007; 2010).
Finally, the third study is a conceptual investigation about succession in family firms. Prior research demonstrated that succession is directly related to internationalization according to the idea that the involvement of new generation in the ownership and/or management often stimulates and fosters internationalization (Fernández and Nieto, 2005; Menéndez and Requejo, 2005). Nevertheless only 30% of family firms is thought to survive the leadership passage to the second generation and only 10% makes it to the third generation (Beckhard and Dyer, 1983). Thus the succession success is a high critical and fundamental step for the firm survival as well as the survival of the family within the firm. This study theoretically investigates how agency problems occurring between the
predecessor and successors during succession – in terms of misalignments and goal divergence – may affect the succession success. More precisely I split the succession process into three different stages and in each stage I analyze how the different way the decision-making power is shared between the predecessor and successor moderates the relation between agency problems and succession success.Family firms are defined as those organizations owned and usually also managed by a controlling family (Shanker and Astrachan, 1996; Lansberg, 1999). The importance of family firms in developed and emerging markets as well as among top MNEs is progressively growing (Birley, 2001; Carr and Bateman, 2009). Accordingly, the internationalization of family business is receiving increasing attention by scholars and developing into a significant research area (Pukall and Calabrò, 2014). Prior research has demonstrated that when family firms go international they show a peculiar behavior compared to firms with different ownership structures and related to the distinctive character of the family business (Thomas and Graves, 2005; Fernandez and Nieto, 2006; Claver et al., 2009): given the duality of economic and non-economic goals, a growing body of research has demonstrated that family involvement in ownership and/or management deeply affects firms’ strategic decisions, including internationalization. Nevertheless this field of inquiry is still in its infancy and the distinctive features of family firms’ international behavior have been only partially addressed (Kontinen and Ojala, 2010).
In order to contribute to international business and family firms literature, the dissertation is a collection of three studies organized as follows. The first study is a theoretical and empirical investigation on the relationship about different family ownership structures and entry modes. To develop this study I cooperated with “Università Politecnica delle Marche” and used their dataset on Italian medium-sized family firms. Relying on a sample of 368 foreign market entries related to 204 Italian medium-sized family firms, I show that different types of ownership structures within family
firms differently influence entry modes. I also provide evidence that non-family managers moderate the relation between family ownership and entry modes strategic decisions. Whereas prior studies have focused on the relationship between family involvement in the ownership and/or management influences the degree of internationalization, this study highlights how family firms enter into foreign market and how differences within the family ownership structure may differently drive strategic decisions.
The second study focuses on family leaders’ strategic decision making and the subsidiary ownership policy i.e. the choice between forming a Joint Venture (JV) or setting up a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary (WOS). This study – developed in cooperation with Bocconi University – relies on a sample of 3,939 subsidiary ownership policies run by 586 family-controlled firms with more than 50 million of euros of revenues. I show that family leaders are either more or less willing to preserve their Socioemotional Wealth (SEW) – entering the foreign market by a wholly owned subsidiary – in relation to the level of performance hazard, the identity fit between the family and the business and the cultural distance between the home and the host country. This study contributes to the growing debate on the contextual nature of SEW preservation logic by theoretically and empirically challenging the prevalent notion that major managerial decision in family-controlled firms are driven by SEW preservation goals, even if doing so might entail higher financial risks or lower performance (Gomez-Mejia et al., 2007; 2010).
Finally, the third study is a conceptual investigation about succession in family firms. Prior research demonstrated that succession is directly related to internationalization according to the idea that the involvement of new generation in the ownership and/or management often stimulates and fosters internationalization (Fernández and Nieto, 2005; Menéndez and Requejo, 2005). Nevertheless only 30% of family firms is thought to survive the leadership passage to the second generation and only 10% makes it to the third generation (Beckhard and Dyer, 1983). Thus the succession success is a high critical and fundamental step for the firm survival as well as the survival of the family within the firm. This study theoretically investigates how agency problems occurring between the
predecessor and successors during succession – in terms of misalignments and goal divergence – may affect the succession success. More precisely I split the succession process into three different stages and in each stage I analyze how the different way the decision-making power is shared between the predecessor and successor moderates the relation between agency problems and succession success.LUISS PhD Thesi
Word-of-mouth and forms of conversations: what people share
No full textThis dissertation highlights the importance to understand how word-of-mouth is an aspect
extremely important in the communication process among peers with the ability to modify and
persuade differently consumers. A main property of word-of-mouth and that represents the pillar of
this dissertation is the content of the communication and how consumers share their messages. The
present dissertation is the first to examine different types of communication into interpersonal
domain taking both the perspective of the sender and the receiver of the messages. Paper 1
discusses how the language abstraction is a valuable communicational sign in order to optimize
interactions. Specifically, I study the effect of language abstractness in word-of-mouth
communication on the recipients’ perceptions about message effectiveness and their purchase
intentions. I hypothesize that the effect of language abstractness depends on the word-of-mouth
recipient’s prior knowledge, and demonstrate that abstract (concrete) language is more effective
than concrete (abstract) language for recipients with high (low) prior knowledge. Moreover, I
predict that the higher (lower) effectiveness of abstract messages for consumers with high (low)
prior knowledge is explained by consumers’ engagement in mental imagery processing. Two
experiments conducted in different service settings provide support for our hypotheses. Paper 2
focuses on specific types of information which contain controversial arguments and where the
process of sharing on virtual platforms can modify behaviors. Controversial topics are those topics
on which people tend to take different, quite polarized opinions. While I acknowledge that people
tend to hold extreme positions on controversial topics, I hypothesize that whether they share their
extreme opinions with others importantly depends on the communication channel they use for
sharing. Across three experiments, I show that opinion extremeness generally increases tendency to
share, but, more importantly, I show this is more likely to occur when sharers use communication
platforms that allow them to select specific, identified recipients, thus having more control on their
audience. More specifically, I demonstrate that individuals are more likely to share the extreme
versus moderate opinions about controversial topics via email, but such a difference no longer
exists when sharing via post on social network pages. Paper 3 demonstrates how form of
communications that contain gossip is surrounded by false myths. Popular beliefs encourage people
in believing that negative gossips are shared more than positive gossip and thus I demonstrate the
contrary. Through three experiments, I show that people are more likely to share a positive form of
gossip in a network composed by the sender, the target of the gossip and the receiver. I hypothesize
that individuals are more likely to share positive (negative) gossip in respect the target of the gossip
(in-group versus out-group) and that the sender is more (less) likely to share gossip with whom has
less (more) capacity to verify the truthfulness of the gossip’s content.
This dissertation is of interest to marketers for two reasons. First, these findings may help
firms to understand and interpret word-of-mouth. By analyzing the content of the messages
companies would be able to adapt their communication strategies, implement more fruitful one-toone
communications and deal, positively, with possible crisis management especially in virtual
settings. Secondly, the effect of different types of communications can be used by marketers in
order to achieve an higher number of consumers and encourage them in sharing voluntarily.
Moreover, understanding the effect of word-of-mouth on receivers may support firms in improve
communicational campaigns and increase the level of customer satisfaction in different stage of the
marketing processes. Future research should examine what are the boundaries between word-ofmouth
and electronic word-of-mouth and whether consumers differently depending to the context.This dissertation highlights the importance to understand how word-of-mouth is an aspect
extremely important in the communication process among peers with the ability to modify and
persuade differently consumers. A main property of word-of-mouth and that represents the pillar of
this dissertation is the content of the communication and how consumers share their messages. The
present dissertation is the first to examine different types of communication into interpersonal
domain taking both the perspective of the sender and the receiver of the messages. Paper 1
discusses how the language abstraction is a valuable communicational sign in order to optimize
interactions. Specifically, I study the effect of language abstractness in word-of-mouth
communication on the recipients’ perceptions about message effectiveness and their purchase
intentions. I hypothesize that the effect of language abstractness depends on the word-of-mouth
recipient’s prior knowledge, and demonstrate that abstract (concrete) language is more effective
than concrete (abstract) language for recipients with high (low) prior knowledge. Moreover, I
predict that the higher (lower) effectiveness of abstract messages for consumers with high (low)
prior knowledge is explained by consumers’ engagement in mental imagery processing. Two
experiments conducted in different service settings provide support for our hypotheses. Paper 2
focuses on specific types of information which contain controversial arguments and where the
process of sharing on virtual platforms can modify behaviors. Controversial topics are those topics
on which people tend to take different, quite polarized opinions. While I acknowledge that people
tend to hold extreme positions on controversial topics, I hypothesize that whether they share their
extreme opinions with others importantly depends on the communication channel they use for
sharing. Across three experiments, I show that opinion extremeness generally increases tendency to
share, but, more importantly, I show this is more likely to occur when sharers use communication
platforms that allow them to select specific, identified recipients, thus having more control on their
audience. More specifically, I demonstrate that individuals are more likely to share the extreme
versus moderate opinions about controversial topics via email, but such a difference no longer
exists when sharing via post on social network pages. Paper 3 demonstrates how form of
communications that contain gossip is surrounded by false myths. Popular beliefs encourage people
in believing that negative gossips are shared more than positive gossip and thus I demonstrate the
contrary. Through three experiments, I show that people are more likely to share a positive form of
gossip in a network composed by the sender, the target of the gossip and the receiver. I hypothesize
that individuals are more likely to share positive (negative) gossip in respect the target of the gossip
(in-group versus out-group) and that the sender is more (less) likely to share gossip with whom has
less (more) capacity to verify the truthfulness of the gossip’s content.
This dissertation is of interest to marketers for two reasons. First, these findings may help
firms to understand and interpret word-of-mouth. By analyzing the content of the messages
companies would be able to adapt their communication strategies, implement more fruitful one-toone
communications and deal, positively, with possible crisis management especially in virtual
settings. Secondly, the effect of different types of communications can be used by marketers in
order to achieve an higher number of consumers and encourage them in sharing voluntarily.
Moreover, understanding the effect of word-of-mouth on receivers may support firms in improve
communicational campaigns and increase the level of customer satisfaction in different stage of the
marketing processes. Future research should examine what are the boundaries between word-ofmouth
and electronic word-of-mouth and whether consumers differently depending to the context.LUISS PhD Thesi
Different Perspectives on Global Justice: a Fusion of Horizons
No full textCosmopolitanism contra Statism. Non-ideal Theory, Moral Analysis, Levels of Analysis and Fusion of Horizons. The Ideal Theory/Non-ideal Theory Distinction. Interactional Moral Analysis and Institutional Moral Analysis. Levels of Analysis and Levels of Causality and Responsibility. Fusion of Horizons. Cosmopolitanism and Statism. John Rawls’ Law of Peoples. Thomas Nagel’s Problem of Global Justice. Charles Beitz’s Cosmopolitan Liberalism. Thomas Pogge’s Negative Duty. Sebastiano Maffettone’s Liberal Internationalism. Resource Curse. The Distinct Nature of Natural Resource Wealth. Natural Resource Wealth and Overlapping Curses. Resource-Cursed Sub-Saharan Africa. The Nigerian Context. The Main Economic Aspect of the Nigerian Resource Curse: The Dutch Disease. The Main Political Economy Aspect of the Nigerian Resource Curse: Rent-Seeking. Corruption. Transparency. Conflicts. Pollution. The Nigerian Resource Curse Summarised. Angola: A Rich Country with Poor People. The Democratic Republic of Congo: What Is that Ought Not To Be. George Soros’ Analysis. The ‘Individual’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and Responsibility. The ‘Collective’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and Responsibility. The ‘Corporate’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and Responsibility. The ‘State’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and Responsibility. The ‘Global Institutional Order’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and
Responsibility. Some Moral Quandaries Concerning Contributory Roles. Some Moral Quandaries Concerning Degrees of Responsibility. The Primary and Secondary Applications of Cosmopolitanism and Statism. Is the Fusion of the Cosmopolitan and Statist Horizons Plausible? The Mutual Exclusivity Argument. The Incompatibility, Relativism, Neutrality and Aerial View Arguments. Fusion of Horizons Accommodates the Complexity of Resource Curse. Fusion of Horizons: A New Perspective on Global Justice that Negates Cosmopolitanism and Statism?Cosmopolitanism contra Statism. Non-ideal Theory, Moral Analysis, Levels of Analysis and Fusion of Horizons. The Ideal Theory/Non-ideal Theory Distinction. Interactional Moral Analysis and Institutional Moral Analysis. Levels of Analysis and Levels of Causality and Responsibility. Fusion of Horizons. Cosmopolitanism and Statism. John Rawls’ Law of Peoples. Thomas Nagel’s Problem of Global Justice. Charles Beitz’s Cosmopolitan Liberalism. Thomas Pogge’s Negative Duty. Sebastiano Maffettone’s Liberal Internationalism. Resource Curse. The Distinct Nature of Natural Resource Wealth. Natural Resource Wealth and Overlapping Curses. Resource-Cursed Sub-Saharan Africa. The Nigerian Context. The Main Economic Aspect of the Nigerian Resource Curse: The Dutch Disease. The Main Political Economy Aspect of the Nigerian Resource Curse: Rent-Seeking. Corruption. Transparency. Conflicts. Pollution. The Nigerian Resource Curse Summarised. Angola: A Rich Country with Poor People. The Democratic Republic of Congo: What Is that Ought Not To Be. George Soros’ Analysis. The ‘Individual’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and Responsibility. The ‘Collective’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and Responsibility. The ‘Corporate’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and Responsibility. The ‘State’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and Responsibility. The ‘Global Institutional Order’ Level of Analysis or Level of Causality and
Responsibility. Some Moral Quandaries Concerning Contributory Roles. Some Moral Quandaries Concerning Degrees of Responsibility. The Primary and Secondary Applications of Cosmopolitanism and Statism. Is the Fusion of the Cosmopolitan and Statist Horizons Plausible? The Mutual Exclusivity Argument. The Incompatibility, Relativism, Neutrality and Aerial View Arguments. Fusion of Horizons Accommodates the Complexity of Resource Curse. Fusion of Horizons: A New Perspective on Global Justice that Negates Cosmopolitanism and Statism?LUISS PhD Thesi
La mediazione nel processo tributario
No full textIl reclamo e la mediazione in materia tributaria. Profili costituzionali dell’art. 17-bis. L'ordinamento fiscale tedesco: analisi e confronto con il sistema italiano.Il reclamo e la mediazione in materia tributaria. Profili costituzionali dell’art. 17-bis. L'ordinamento fiscale tedesco: analisi e confronto con il sistema italiano.LUISS PhD Thesi
Essays on the Political Economy of Debt in Emerging Countries: 1. Strategic Debt and Political Frictions in Small Open Economies. 2. Political Cost of Default and Business Cycle in Emerging Countries
No full textThis thesis is composed by two articles. In the first paper, co-authored with Roberto Pancrazi, we study the
relationship between sovereign debt and political frictions. We model political frictions as a disagreement among
parties about distribution of resources. When analyzing a small-open economy framework we find two important
results. First, when considering standard utility function (CRRA with risk aversion parameter greater or equal to one)
political frictions induce saving (not borrowing) incentives. Second, when introducing retrospective voting, for which
electoral outcomes are affected by recent economic performance, we find that more severe political frictions indeed
lead to stronger borrowing incentives. Then, we use the theoretical predictions of our model to structurally estimate
the country-specific degree of retrospective voting using data on debt, quality of institutions, and election probability
in 56 emerging and transition economies. We find that retrospective voting is strongly related to corruption indices. In
the second paper I study the effect of political frictions in a model where repayment of sovereign debt is not
enforceable. Sovereign default models that study how income fluctuations and the level of debt affect default risk
when sovereign debt is non contingent, are successful in explaining business cycle in emerging economies by matching
the stylized facts of main economic aggregates in normal and default periods but they fail in reproducing jointly the
large levels of debt and spread observed in the data. I introduce political uncertainty in the standard default model of
Arellano (2008): the incumbent has an exogenous probability of not being reappointed in the next period, but in the
case she decides to default, there is a larger probability of losing power. Calibrating political uncertainty on
Argentinian polls data, the model generates realistic levels of debt to gdp and spread without affecting the
performance on the other business cycle statistics.This thesis is composed by two articles. In the first paper, co-authored with Roberto Pancrazi, we study the
relationship between sovereign debt and political frictions. We model political frictions as a disagreement among
parties about distribution of resources. When analyzing a small-open economy framework we find two important
results. First, when considering standard utility function (CRRA with risk aversion parameter greater or equal to one)
political frictions induce saving (not borrowing) incentives. Second, when introducing retrospective voting, for which
electoral outcomes are affected by recent economic performance, we find that more severe political frictions indeed
lead to stronger borrowing incentives. Then, we use the theoretical predictions of our model to structurally estimate
the country-specific degree of retrospective voting using data on debt, quality of institutions, and election probability
in 56 emerging and transition economies. We find that retrospective voting is strongly related to corruption indices. In
the second paper I study the effect of political frictions in a model where repayment of sovereign debt is not
enforceable. Sovereign default models that study how income fluctuations and the level of debt affect default risk
when sovereign debt is non contingent, are successful in explaining business cycle in emerging economies by matching
the stylized facts of main economic aggregates in normal and default periods but they fail in reproducing jointly the
large levels of debt and spread observed in the data. I introduce political uncertainty in the standard default model of
Arellano (2008): the incumbent has an exogenous probability of not being reappointed in the next period, but in the
case she decides to default, there is a larger probability of losing power. Calibrating political uncertainty on
Argentinian polls data, the model generates realistic levels of debt to gdp and spread without affecting the
performance on the other business cycle statistics.LUISS PhD Thesi
Innovazione e concorrenza nel sistema finanziario
No full textThe dissertation takes as its point of departure the global financial crisis of 2007-
2008. While many factors contributed to the crisis, at its roots lies the circumstance that
improvements in computer and telecommunication technology led to revolutionary
changes in the structure of financial markets and institutions, which became increasingly
globalized and interconnected, while a fragmented nationally-based approach continued
to apply to financial sector regulation and supervision. Moreover, the financial crisis has
brought to light that financial innovation has too strongly increased complexity of financial
products, which have become too complex to understand. Problems of complexity
affected financial practices such as securitization, but more broadly involved new securities
design made possible by recent advances in theory of finance and by absence of regulation.
Now, after the crisis, new rules apply to over the counter derivatives, a new mandatory
disclosure system is in force, and some sort of product regulation is provided for
in Europe by a new discipline governing intermediaries conduct.
This study consists of two parts, besides a short introduction. The first part of the
dissertation considers financial product innovation as means for competition, and in this
view it makes an assessment of the new European regulatory framework on «product
governance» (Mifid II Directive) and «product intervention» rules (Mifir Regulation),
which in large part address investor protection issues. Such measures might serve well
the purpose to tackle complexity in financial products, especially since complexity helped
to maximize and to exploit the comparative informational advantage of intermediaries on
end-users. On the other side, this thesis argues that in the new European regulatory framework
some protection of intellectual property rights would be a balanced mechanism in
order to avoid over-regulation effects on financial innovation. More precisely, a patent
system for financial product innovation would likely increase R&D in “good” financial
product design, thus indirectly improving financial market efficiency.
The second part of the dissertation focuses on the problem of patent eligibility for
financial products. In Europe, business method patentability is subject to limitations under
Art. 52 EPC. The U.S. Patent Act does not provide for such limitations; yet business
method patents are a hot topic also in the United States, where the Supreme Court recently
elaborated a new patent eligibility test in its 2014 decision Alice Corporation v. CLS Bank
International. The study offers an analysis of this issue and concludes with a slightly
positive assessment of financial product patent eligibility both in the Europe and the U.S..The dissertation takes as its point of departure the global financial crisis of 2007-
2008. While many factors contributed to the crisis, at its roots lies the circumstance that
improvements in computer and telecommunication technology led to revolutionary
changes in the structure of financial markets and institutions, which became increasingly
globalized and interconnected, while a fragmented nationally-based approach continued
to apply to financial sector regulation and supervision. Moreover, the financial crisis has
brought to light that financial innovation has too strongly increased complexity of financial
products, which have become too complex to understand. Problems of complexity
affected financial practices such as securitization, but more broadly involved new securities
design made possible by recent advances in theory of finance and by absence of regulation.
Now, after the crisis, new rules apply to over the counter derivatives, a new mandatory
disclosure system is in force, and some sort of product regulation is provided for
in Europe by a new discipline governing intermediaries conduct.
This study consists of two parts, besides a short introduction. The first part of the
dissertation considers financial product innovation as means for competition, and in this
view it makes an assessment of the new European regulatory framework on «product
governance» (Mifid II Directive) and «product intervention» rules (Mifir Regulation),
which in large part address investor protection issues. Such measures might serve well
the purpose to tackle complexity in financial products, especially since complexity helped
to maximize and to exploit the comparative informational advantage of intermediaries on
end-users. On the other side, this thesis argues that in the new European regulatory framework
some protection of intellectual property rights would be a balanced mechanism in
order to avoid over-regulation effects on financial innovation. More precisely, a patent
system for financial product innovation would likely increase R&D in “good” financial
product design, thus indirectly improving financial market efficiency.
The second part of the dissertation focuses on the problem of patent eligibility for
financial products. In Europe, business method patentability is subject to limitations under
Art. 52 EPC. The U.S. Patent Act does not provide for such limitations; yet business
method patents are a hot topic also in the United States, where the Supreme Court recently
elaborated a new patent eligibility test in its 2014 decision Alice Corporation v. CLS Bank
International. The study offers an analysis of this issue and concludes with a slightly
positive assessment of financial product patent eligibility both in the Europe and the U.S..LUISS PhD Thesi
Essays in applied macroeconomics
No full text1. The impact of macroeconomic news on the euro-dollar exchange rate. 2. Nowcasting Mexican GDP.1. The impact of macroeconomic news on the euro-dollar exchange rate. 2. Nowcasting Mexican GDP.LUISS PhD Thesi
La soggettività passiva delle imprese individuali e delle attività professionali tra IRPEF ed IRES: prospettive per l'introduzione dell'IRI
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the issue of income tax liability of individual company and professional activities with particular focus to subjects whose tax liability is not so obvious relating to the derivation and expansion of economic and civil notions tax compared to the corresponding definitions of the Civil Code and with regard to reflections, purely for tax purposes, the determination of the assumption of tax and the tax regime applicable.
The issue of tax liability has taken over the years the role of the general problem of the most debated and complex. Disquisitions on the typical classical figures of the law have been joined those for legal claims arising figures for which are repeated often in a more complex, the critical issues that had already affected the raw.
To understand what it represents today its income tax liability as well as in relation to 'income tax and also to the nascent IRI IRES (income tax business), it is necessary to analyze the ratio of tax and the persons who act in it. Surely the bond taxation presents many opportunities for the reconstruction of the tax liability whose analysis concerns the identification of the requirements for the recognition of an abstract suitability to the ownership of the tax, both the active side of the relationship from the passive.
With the prediction of IRI, beyond the problems and doubts related to it, individual company, partnerships and corporations would be subject to a single model of taxation being realized in this way, as well as a significant simplification of the entire system, an equation of the taxation of business income that would make the system more neutral with respect to the choices of the legal and organizational forms through which to conduct business activities, also contributing to the implementation of the principle of equality enshrined in Article 2 of the Constitution.This study aimed to analyze the issue of income tax liability of individual company and professional activities with particular focus to subjects whose tax liability is not so obvious relating to the derivation and expansion of economic and civil notions tax compared to the corresponding definitions of the Civil Code and with regard to reflections, purely for tax purposes, the determination of the assumption of tax and the tax regime applicable.
The issue of tax liability has taken over the years the role of the general problem of the most debated and complex. Disquisitions on the typical classical figures of the law have been joined those for legal claims arising figures for which are repeated often in a more complex, the critical issues that had already affected the raw.
To understand what it represents today its income tax liability as well as in relation to 'income tax and also to the nascent IRI IRES (income tax business), it is necessary to analyze the ratio of tax and the persons who act in it. Surely the bond taxation presents many opportunities for the reconstruction of the tax liability whose analysis concerns the identification of the requirements for the recognition of an abstract suitability to the ownership of the tax, both the active side of the relationship from the passive.
With the prediction of IRI, beyond the problems and doubts related to it, individual company, partnerships and corporations would be subject to a single model of taxation being realized in this way, as well as a significant simplification of the entire system, an equation of the taxation of business income that would make the system more neutral with respect to the choices of the legal and organizational forms through which to conduct business activities, also contributing to the implementation of the principle of equality enshrined in Article 2 of the Constitution.LUISS PhD Thesi
Regolazione pubblica e concorrenza nel settore postale: il caso Poste Italiane s.p.a.
No full textSo far, the liberalization of postal services has meant to overcome the legal barriers affecting market activities, yet making competition achievable only in legal terms: indeed, simply removing the legal monopoly is not enough if the former monopolist still keeps some privileges and the economic activity requires the availability of expensive infrastructures (essential facilities) which are difficult to reproduce.
The present research is aimed at identifying the obstacles that until now have prevented new entrants from gaining significant market shares as well as proposing some adjustments that could facilitate the creation of a truly competitive market.So far, the liberalization of postal services has meant to overcome the legal barriers affecting market activities, yet making competition achievable only in legal terms: indeed, simply removing the legal monopoly is not enough if the former monopolist still keeps some privileges and the economic activity requires the availability of expensive infrastructures (essential facilities) which are difficult to reproduce.
The present research is aimed at identifying the obstacles that until now have prevented new entrants from gaining significant market shares as well as proposing some adjustments that could facilitate the creation of a truly competitive market.LUISS PhD Thesi