BERKALA SAINSTEK
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The Diversity of Amphibian (Order Anura) in Bandealit Resort, Meru Betiri National Park
Get PDFMeru Betiri National Park (MBNP) is a conservation area located in East Java that has a diversity of flora and fauna. However, the information about entirety diversity in this area is still uncleared, due to limited scientific research, one of which is amphibians. So, the aim of this study is to explore the diversity of amphibian species (order Anura) in Bandealit Resort, MBNP. Data collection was carried out on January 6-8, 2023 in four representative habitat types i.e., terrestrial, arboreal, semi-aquatic, and aquatic. The data collection method was using Visual Encounter Surveys (VES) on each observation line with a length of 300m. The ecological data collected included the species names of amphibians (Anura) and the number of individuals of each species. Furthermore, data analysis was using species composition and species diversity using the Shannon-Wiener index (H'). Based on the results, six species of Anura were found (Fejervarya cancrivora, F. limnocharis, Leptobrachium hasseltii, Kaloula baleata, Hylarana chalconota, and Polypedates leucomystax) belonging to five families (Dicroglossidae, Megophryidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae and Rhacophoridae). Species P. leucomystax was found with the highest number of individuals (eight individuals) and occupied arboreal, terrestrial, and semi-aquatic habitat types. Based on the Shannon-Wiener index, the species diversity value of the order Anura amphibians was obtained in the moderate category (H'=1.47). This shows that the Bandealit Resort in MBNP provides an important habitat for several species of the order Anura amphibians. Furthermore, the results of this study also provide updated data regarding the existence of amphibian species of the order Anura in MBNP, especially Bandealit Resort
Recrystallization of Iron Materials Under The Influence of High-Temperature Heat Treatment: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Get PDFSimulations have been carried out to study the recrystallization of iron materials after heat treatment. The heat treatment carried out consists of heating the iron from room tempera-ture to critical temperature with different heating temperatures and cooling to room tem-perature with different cooling times. This study was carried out to obtain information on the occurrence of material recrystallization after the heat treatment process was carried out. This simulation approach was carried out using molecular dynamics methods and utilizing LAMMPS software. The heat treatment process begins by heating the iron from room temperature (300 K) until it reaches a critical temperature, even past the critical temperature value. Then a cooling process is carried out to observe the material recrystallization process. Through these two stages of heat treatment, analysis is carried out to observe the material structure at the end of the simulation. Based on the simulations that have been carried out, the results show that the ma-terial’s recrystallization is more influenced by the cooling time than the initial cooling tem-perature. More than 60% of the BCC structures formed at the end of the simulation for all initial cooling temperatures, but for very short cooling times 16% of the BCC
Invitro Activity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Modification from Rice Hull Ash Silica and Calcium Oxide from Clamshells
Get PDFThe impact of SrO particles and hydroxyapatite (HA) on the characteristics of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) from silica Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) from clam shell has been studied in this research. Silica and calcium oxide are used as material to form tricalcium silicate (C3S) and dicalcium silicate (C2S) in MTA. Bi2O3 and SrO were added in MTA with 18% (w/w) total percentage. MTA was made with a sol-gel process and used catalyst NH3. After synthesis, material was calcined at 1000 oC for 3 h. HA was added at percentages of 3, 6, and 9% in 5% SrO modified MTA to see the effect of its addition on the material. The modified MTA (MTA-SrO-HA) were hydrated water using water to powder method with ratio of 3:1. The MTA-SrO5/HA6 showed higher compressive strength and dentine interaction to the commercial MTA (Proroot brand) in days 3 and 7. This material had potential as a root canal filling in dental endodontic treatment
The Implementation of Water Sensitive Urban Drainage to Overcome the Risk of Flooding in Malang City
No full textThis study aims to apply Water Resources Urban Design (WSUD) technology to improve water quantity and quality in the Brantas River Watershed (DAS), especially in Oro-Oro Dowo Village, Malang City. This village was chosen because several drainage channels have decreased efficiency in accommodating water runoff during the rainy season. The application of WSUD technology is expected to reduce the high surface runoff due to the decrease in water absorption areas, so this can be an alternative to conserving the availability of water resources in terms of quantity and quality. The modeling scenarios are arranged into two types. In the first scenario, the model is made without the application of WSUD, while in the second scenario, WSUD technologies are applied. There are permeable pavement, bioretention, constructed wetlands, and green roofs. The methodology used for the application of the WSUD concept is through the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) program. The application of WSUD technology in the case study in Oro-Oro Dowo Village is planned along the sidewalks on Jalan Rinjani, Jalan Jakarta/Jalan Simpang Ijen, Jalan Besar Ijen, and Jalan Panggung, as well as green open spaces/city forests located in the administrative area of the village. The results of this study are in the form of a comparison of the total surface water runoff before and after the implementation of WSUD for each technology. As a result, green roof technology has the potential to reduce surface runoff higher than other technologies. However, the obstacles in the application of green roofs are the cost and roof leaks. Thus, the application of a combination of permeable pavement, bioretention, and constructed wetlands can be another option. The results of the application of the WSUD combination reached 96.88%
Utilization of Windu Shrimp Shell Waste from Malaka-NTT for Chitosan Synthesis: Characterization Study and Application Potential
No full textChitosan is a non-toxic and biodegradable polymer compound. Chitosan is widely applied in various industrial fields. This research uses shrimp shell waste from the Malaka-NTT as a chitin and chitosan production source. Chitosan synthesis consists of three steps, namely deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation. Chitosan characterization includes determining the degree of deacetylation (DD), determining functional groups using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and measuring crystallinity using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The DD results obtained were 83.7%. The FTIR spectra results of the chitosan samples in this study showed a typical peak at absorption of 1648 cm-1 indicating the vibration of the C=O group in NHCOCH3 (amide) I and absorption of 1589 cm-1 indicating the vibration of the N-H bending group (amide II). The results of the XRD diffractograms on the chitosan sample show an orthorhombic crystal structure with two typical peaks, namely at angles 2θ = 10.12° and 2θ = 19.87°. The DD results obtained in this study indicate that the chitosan produced has a fairly high amine group content, so chitosan as a biomaterial has the potential to be applied in various pharmaceutical and biomedical fields because it has environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. Therefore, based on the results of the DD calculation and the characterization of the FTIR and XRD instruments in this study, it shows that the synthesis of chitosan from the utilization of tiger shrimp shell waste from Malaka Regency-NTT has been successfully carried out
Polyphenol Extraction from Musa corniculata Peel Using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method with Ethanol Solvent
Get PDFBanana peel (Musa corniculata) is one of the superior plants in Indonesia which is rich in polyphenolic compounds as a source of antioxidants. The potential of polyphenolic compounds as antioxidants can be used as an alternative to reduce banana peel waste. This study aims to determine the total content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of horn banana peel extract. Extraction used the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with ethanol solvent and the variables were extraction time (4, 7, and 10 minutes), solvent concentration (50, 73 and 96 %), ratio of simplicia mass to solvent volume (1:12, 1 :8, 1:6 g/mL) with a microwave power of 150 Watt. Determination of polyphenol content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the ability of polyphenols as antioxidants were analyzed by DPPH test. This study used the Design Expert 13 Response Surface Methodology software, the Box Behnken type, to determine the extraction parameters for the total polyphenol content. The highest total polyphenol content was obtained at 354.02 mg GAE/g from the combination of parameters 50% solvent concentration, 10 minutes extraction time, and the ratio of horn banana peel powder to 1:8 g/mL solvent
Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Analysis of Farmers Insurance Premium Payment Period
Get PDFThe sub-sector of agriculture plays a significant role in the national economic order. The crop failure rate is one of the unexpected risks caused by natural disasters, including drought, pest attacks, and floods. Agricultural insurance has been used as a pilot project in several areas, such as Gresik and Palembang Regencies. This pilot project has not been carried out in many places and cannot be implemented optimally in Jember. Farmer insurance is a transfer of risk due to farming business losses so that the sustainability of the farming business can be guaranteed. Survival analysis is a statistical method for analyzing data with observed response variables in terms of the time until an event occurs. One survival analysis is to determine the factors that cause an event with a response variable, namely using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model. The results of the significance testing obtained the variable that had a significant influence on the model, namely the growing season variable (X4). Then, a hazard ratio comparison was made for the category of cultivation season variables, and the category with the lowest hazard value was selected, followed by the second category, the months of May until August. (X42), This significantly influenced the policyholder’s time spent paying farmer’s insurance premiums
Fault Identification Based on Tulungagung Magnetic Anomaly Map
No full textTulungagung and Trenggalek are two regencies located south of Java Island with quite complex geological conditions because they are located in the Southern Mountains area. This study aims to identify the presence of faults based on the magnetic anomaly value of the Tulungagung sheet. The presence of faults at the research site were determined based on three lines on the regional magnetic anomaly using First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) derivative analyses. The results show that the regional magnetic anomaly is -210.7 nT to 113.2 nT. Line A-A' identified two fault locations at a distance of 15 km and 27 km from the line's starting point. Line B-B' identified three fault locations at a distance of 4 km, 27 km, and 45 km from the line's starting point. Line C-C' identified three fault locations at 10 km, 22 km, and 42 km from the line's starting point. The interpretation results also obtained subsurface lithology in the Alluvium Formation, Arjosari-Mandalika Formation, Wungkal Limestone Formation, and Malihan Rock Formation
Ocean Contribution to Coastal Heavy Rainfall During Dry Season (Case Study of Bengkulu 2016-2022)
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the contribution of the ocean to the intensity of heavy rainfall in Bengkulu, Indonesia during the dry season (2016-2022). The primary data used in this study is daily rainfall data from the Bengkulu Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Agency BMKG station. In addition, supporting data are also used in the form of rain parameters, 10 m wind, sea surface temperature, and sea surface currents from ERA5 reanalysis data with daily temporal and spatial resolution of 0.05°. The method used is a composite method that calculates 64 samples of heavy rain. The results showed that low-speed winds formed an eddy in the sea area west of Sumatra which together with heavy rains resulted in an increase in sea surface temperature. In addition, for the 2019 dry season case study, 1 m/s winds near the Bengkulu coast are associated with heavy rainfall (>100 mm) and during the 2022 dry season, 1-4 m/s winds spread from the coast to the Indian Ocean sea, causing rainfall (>50 mm) on the Bengkulu coast and surrounding areas. When sea surface temperatures are high there is the potential for heavy rainfall in areas of low wind speed. The current in each year is different and has a pattern, every year a strong current from the Indian Ocean will move towards the coastal area every 3-year period. When in 2016 the current (>1 m/sec) is in the Indian Ocean, then the following year 2017 the current (>1 m/sec) shifts closer to the coastal area until in 2018 a strong current is on the coast and the following years a stronger current comes from the Indian Ocean