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Bioethanol Production by Fermentation of Rice Husk and Golden Banana Peel Delignified Using EM4
Get PDFThe increasing number of vehicles can increase the need for fossil fuels and polution so that a safe alternative is needed. one of the environmentally friendly alternatives is bioethanol. Banana peels and rice husks contain carbohydrates that are good enough to be utilized as a microbial fermentation substrate to be converted into bioethanol. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal level of bioethanol produced in rice husk and golden banana peel that has been delignified with EM4. The research method used is experimental research with research stages starting from the manufacture of rice husk powder and golden banana peel, delignification using EM4, measurement of lignin content, making rice husk slurry and golden banana peel delignification results, fermentation using baker's yeast with a concentration of 1%, measurement of bioethanol content, data collection and data processing using One Way Anova to determine differences in each sample. The results obtained bioethanol levels increased until the last day of fermentation, which is 9 days with levels of 46.08%. It can be concluded that the use of golden banana peel and rice husk that has been delignified with EM4 is able to produce the most optimal bioethanol
Ants Density of Odontomachus sp. and Its Ecological Role in Kendari City Green Open Space
Get PDFThe degradation of environmental quality has become a global problem today. One way to address this is by providing green open spaces that help maintain environmental quality. Kendari city has a number of green open spaces (RTH) including, RTH in Baruga sub-district, Kendari mayor's office area and in Nanga-nanga botanical garden of Kendari city. This study aims to determine the density and ecological role of ants (Odontomachus sp.) in green open spaces in Kendari city. The method used in this study was hand sorting using ring samples with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 15 cm in a plot measuring 25 m x 25 m consisting of 25 sampling points with a distance of 5 m per point. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the density at each research location, namely Baruga green space, mayor's park and Nanga-nanga botanical garden. The results showed that the highest density of ants (Odontomachus sp.) was found in the mayor's park with 16 ind/m2. The ecological role of ants (Odontomachus sp.) in Kendari city green open space is an important role in bioturbation and natural predators of soil fauna such as termites and earthworms
Analysis of Nanobubbles (NBs) Technology and Foliar Fertilization on the Growth of Phalaenopsis sp. Orchid
Get PDFPlants need nutrients which are then provided through fertilizers, but this can cause long-term problems due to limited absorption by plants so recently implemented NBs technology that can help reduce environmental pollution. This study aimed to determine the effect of NBsO2, NBsH2, NBsCO2, NBsN2 and, NBsO3 on the growth of Phalaenopsis sp. orchid plants. The research method was a complete randomized design (RAL) with 7 treatments (control without application of fertilizer and NBs, foliar fertilizer, NBsO2, NBsH2, NBsCO2, NBsN2, NBsO3) and 4 repeats. NBs were made using a nanogenerator with a flow of 5 liters/ minute and induced for 15 minutes. The data analysis used is the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANNOVA) test. The control and NBs treatments were given by dropping 5 ml on each orchid plant. The results showed that leaf length, number of leaves, plant weight and number of plant roots NBsN2 treatment had the best effect, while on root length, NBs O2 treatment had a better effect than other treatments. The application of foliar fertilizer is less effective to meet plant growth needs. At the same time, NBs are more effective because they are very small making it easier for plants to absorb
Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaves as Natural Mosquito Repellent Material: Effectiveness Test of Distillation Methods
No full textIndonesia has around 40 types of plants with essential oil content from a total of around 150 types of essential oils traded in the international market. Essential oils are produced from various parts of aromatic plants such as fruits, seeds, leaves, flowers, roots, stems, bark, and even the entire tree. One of the plants that contains and has the potential to produce essential oils is the zodia (Evodia suaveolens), especially the leaves. Evodone is one of the active compounds contained in the essential oil of zodia leaves which has the ability as a mosquito repellent. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of hydrodistillation, steam-hydrodistillation, and steam distillation in terms of yield, physical properties, and active insecticide compound content. A total of 1000 g of fresh zodia leaves were put into a distillation kettle either boiled, steamed, or in direct contact with steam for three hours at 100 °C and atmospheric pressure. The remaining water content in the essential oil from the distillate was then absorbed with Na2SO4. Furthermore, the water-free essential oil was tested for its physical properties consisting of density, optical rotation, refractive index, and color tests, and then its chemical composition was analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the yield for hydrodistillation, steam-hydrodistillation, and steam distillation were 0.37%; 0.43%; and 0.31%, respectively. From the optical rotation test, the essential oil from steam distillation had the lowest value indicating the highest level of purity compared to the other two methods. This is in accordance with the density and refractive index data, where the essential oil from steam distillation had the highest value, where the color was darker. Meanwhile, based on the results of GC-MS analysis, the highest active insecticide compound in the form of evodone was obtained from steam-hydrodistillation (14.25%), followed by hydrodistillation (7.62%), and steam distillation (4.81%)
Comparative Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Building Structure Design Planning Using Artificial Intellegence and SAP2000 Methods
No full textEarthquakes are natural phenomena that often occur in Indonesia, even Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest earthquake frequency in the world, there have been several major earthquakes that have caused infrastructure damage and claimed many victims. This study aims to determine the design of earthquake-resistant building structures, the results of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in design of earthquake-resistant building structures, and its advantages and disadvantages. The core principle of earthquake-resistant buildings is high ductility, allowing them to absorb earthquake energy and avoid collapse despite deformation. This research employs a comparative method, evaluating AI against conventional methods like SAP2000 in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and practicality in designing earthquake-resistant structures. The analysis reveals minimal differences, with a 0.016% variance in calculations between AI and SAP2000, which has a negligible impact on factors like mass participation ratio, base shear force, and inter-floor deviation. However, AI significantly affects the Natural Period of the Building. AI also offers faster calculations and easier input specifications compared to SAP2000. Despite its advantages, AI has limitations in 3D modeling due to the absence of a user interface, making the modeling process more challenging
Methyl Red Based Test Strip for Identification of Formalin Compounds in Fish Samples
Get PDFMethyl red based test strips were introduced a simple method for formalin identification. The test strip was designed based on the feasibility of the formalin oxidation reaction using hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline medium and using the methyl red indicator which is detected at a wavelength of 526 nm, with a concentration range from 1.0 - 10.0 ppm. The test strip was designed by immobilizing methyl red and NaOH in a Whatman paper matrix number 40 for 40 minutes and it has been evaluated by adding formalin samples and oxidator to the surface of the test strip. Optimum measurement conditions were obtained at 0.05 mL of 0.06M methyl red, 0.2 mL of 0.001M NaOH and 0.25 mL of 2% H2O2. The test strip has a good performance to identify formalin in the concentration range of 1.0 - 7.5 ppm which is monitored by a color change from yellow to red. The feasibility of using the test strip is also carried out by analyzing real samples through a recovery test. Test strips still can be used to identify formalin until 30 days when it stored at room temperature, and 2 days when it stored in the refrigerator
Diversity of Gastropods in The Mangrove Forest Area of Ujung Kulon National Park
Get PDFVarious kinds of reseources in coastal areas are very important for us to maintain sustainability. We can find coastal area with varios kinds of ecosystems in Ujung Kulon National Park. This study aims to determine the diversity of gastropods in the mangrove forest area of Ujung Kulon National Park. Sampling used the line transect method and the purposive sampling method with low tide conditions. Sampling was carried out at three stations which are divided into three transects at each station. The transect line was drawn along 50 m with each transect made 5 plots with a size 1 x 1 m2 with a distance between plots of 10 m. This research was held in May-June 2021. The data analysis includes the index values of diversity, dominance, evenness, and abundance. The results of the gastropod obtained consist of 20 species from 7 different families so that diversity index value were included in the medium category with the highest diversity index value owned by station 1 with a diversity index value of 2,03 and the lowest diversity index value owned by station 3 with a value of 1,56. The gastropod abundance index value has an average value of 273 ind/m2
Preliminary Study of Chitin Extraction from House Crickets (Acheta Domesticus) Through Green Process Using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) Chlorine Chloride - Urea
Get PDFInsects serve as a sustainable alternative source of chitin compared to crustaceans, due to their advantages in availability, reproductive rates, and resilience to environmental conditions. Chitin is a natural biopolymer widely utilized in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. This study represents a preliminary investigation aimed at evaluating the effects of varying solution ratios and stirring times on the yield of chitin and the degree of acetylation (DA) obtained from insect chitin extraction using a Green Process with Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) composed of Choline Chloride (ChCl) and Urea in a molar ratio of 1:2 (w/w). The extraction process involved varying the solution-to-raw material ratios (1:10, 1:15, 1:20) and stirring times (2, 4, 6 hours). Analysis was performed using FTIR to measure DA, and yield calculations were based on the mass comparison before extraction. The results indicated that the DA values and mass yields were lower than those reported in the literature, likely due to residual impurities and the incomplete removal of DES from the samples. The highest DA value of 78.44% was achieved in the sample with a 1:10 ratio and a stirring time of 6 hours, while several other samples exhibited lower DA values due to ineffective deproteinization. This preliminary study provides an important foundation for further research, emphasizing improvements in extraction and purification methods to enhance the quality of the produce
Decision Support System Design and Development for Determine Graduate Phase of College Students with Naïve Bayes Algorithm Web-Based in Indonesia Institute of Business and Technology
Get PDFIn the course of the lecture period, each student is different, various factors can affect the mental and academic achievement of students which have an impact on their graduation period. This things also impact on the campus of the Indonesian Institute of Business and Technology, until now there is no system that can determine the graduation period of students at the campus, therefore it is necessary to build a decision support system to determine the graduation period of students, especially students in the Informatics Engineering Study Program and Program Study of Computer Systems at the Indonesian Institute of Business and Technology (INSTIKI) using the Naïve Bayes algorithm that utilizes parameters, namely student academic data consisting of work status, Semester Achievement Index (IPS) scores semesters one untill four, and Grade Point Average (IPK). The system designed by using the GaussianNB library in python and website based. From the results of this study, the accuracy of the model made on the system produces an accuracy value of 87.5% with a dataset rule of 800 data and the data is divided and used as test data by 20%, while the accuracy value of classifying 250 test data on the system is 80.8%