BERKALA SAINSTEK
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The Comparison of Prediction Model of Lowering Rate Road Surface Damage Between RCI and SDI Method in Lumajang Regency
Get PDFSand mining was a non-metal mineral commodity which had very good quantity and quality for building materials in Lumajang district. It was found in lava routes or large rivers in the Pasirian sub-district at Lumajang district. The location of sand material was in a river that passes through the regency road. This result was in many road damage in the district area. The efforts to overcome the damage that often occurs on roads in Pasirian sub-district included road improvement activities supported by road surface surveys using the RCI method which has been used in reporting basic road conditions. This study aim conducted of comparing the RCI survey method and predicting a decline in the last 3 (three) years to 2021 with the SDI survey method in 2021. The value being compared was in good condition from the overall report. After predicting the reduction in road damage with the regression method from the survey results of road conditions in 2017 - 2020 with the RCI method, the equation Y = -11,807 x 2021 + 23868 has a prediction of a decrease of 6,053%. After carrying out a survey of road conditions used the SDI method in 2021 on district roads in the Pasirian sub-district. There was an 8% decrease in good conditions. On the road in the Pasirian regency area, the decrease in the condition of the road surface was due to one of the factors being the excessive traffic load (over loaded) which causes a steady condition of the sections around the sand mine in the Pasirian sub-district
Study of Rainfall and Water Discharge Spatial Variability Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Method in Bondowoso Regency
Get PDFThe difference in rainfall intensity affects the hydrological cycle as a process that greatly determines the amount of water discharge. Thus, in water resources management, it is important to determine the distribution pattern of rainfall and discharge. By studying the characteristics of rainfall distribution patterns and water discharge, the potential of water resources can be illustrated well. This study uses the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis method to examine spatial variability of rainfall intensity and water discharge in Bondowoso Regency. Rainfall and discharge data are collected from 35 rain stations and 227 weirs in 2008 until 2018. This study produces monthly average rainfall distribution values between 190 mm / month with monthly average discharge between 7300lt/sec/month. Meanwhile, the obtained average annual rainfall distribution values are between 2300 mm/year with annual average discharge values between 105000 lt/sec/month. The spatial distribution map using IDW method produces information on the potential of water resources as follow: the higher the height of a place, the higher the average monthly rainfall, while the lower the height of a place, the higher the average monthly discharge. As for the obtained correlation value between rainfall and discharge is R² = 0.665
Inventory of Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) at Agrotechno Park The University of Jember
Get PDFThe exploration of the butterfly on The University of Jember has been conducted. The objective of this study is to explore the diversity of butterfly on UPT Agrotechno Park The University of Jember. The research has been done during August to September 2020. Sampling was carried out by scanning methods in the fields with sweeping net. The results revealed the existence of 18 genus with four belonging to the families Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, and Lycaenidae. Moreover 24 species had been identified namely Papilio sp. 1, Papilio sp. 2, Troides sp., Graphium sp., Appias sp., Catopsilia sp., Delias sp. 1, Delias sp. 2, Eurema sp.1, Eurema sp. 2, Leptosia sp., Euthalia sp. 1, Euthlia sp. 2, Dophla sp., Elymnias sp., Euploea sp. 1, Euploea sp. 2, Hypolimnas sp., Junonia sp. 1, Junonia sp 2, Discophora sp., Acraea sp., Zizina sp. dan Lampides sp. Butterflies use plants as host plants and food plants. High host plant diversity is directly proportional to the diversity of butterfly species. The UPT Agrotechnopark Universitas Jember has 1 hectare of land in which there are collections of fruit, vegetable, ornamental, medicinal and food plants. The high diversity of host and forage plants in the UPT Agrotechnopark is a good habitat for butterflies. However, identification to the species taxa are further needed
The Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Concrete Due to The Use of Glass Waste as Partial Substitution of Fine Aggregate
Get PDFIncreasing human awareness of the importance of protecting the environment and conserving natural resources requires concrete innovation as an environmentally friendly and sustainable material. Accumulated of solid waste begins to be processed and reused, one of which is as a constituent of concrete. Among the various types of solid waste, glass waste is considered as an alternative that can be used as a substitute for fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (split stone) and cement. This study investigated the use of mix coloured glass waste consisting of clear, green, and brown as partial substitution of sand in concrete. Although the glass colors were mixed, the proportion of each color had been determined in this study, namely 25%, 25%, and 50%. The purpose of determining these proportions is to find out which type of color glass has the most effect on concrete mix. The target characteristic strength of 25 MPa was produced by replacing sand with 20% of mix coloured waste glass. Three combinations of concrete mixes were prepared for this study. Compression tests were conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days. Workability of fresh concrete, density, compressive strength, and failure mode were investigated in this study. Results showed that the use of waste glass was able to increase the workability of fresh concrete. K1, K 2, and K3 obtained slump values which were 4%, 6,7%, and 1,3% higher than normal concrete. Normal concrete and all combinations exhibited similar density values. Only normal concrete achieved the characteristic strength of 25,7 MPa at 28 days. Meanwhile K1, K2, and K3 achieved strengths of 22,4 MPa, 22,1 MPa, and 24,7 MPa, respectively. It was evident that as workability values increased, the compressive strengths were noticed to reduce
Purification of Xylooligosaccharide From Casavva Pulp by Ultrafiltration Method
Get PDFXylan is the main component of hemicellulose. Xylan can be extracted from agricultural waste, such as cassava pulp. Xylan is used as an endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase substrate to produce impure xylooligosaccharides (XOS)This study aims to purify XOS from cassava pulp using the ultrafiltration method. The components of XOS obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and densitometry methods. In addition, the XOS was purified by the ultrafiltration method using a cellulose membrane with a Molecular Weight Cut Off (MWCO) of 12 kDa. The permeate obtained from the purification results was also analyzed using TLC and densitometry. The results of this study indicated that the components in XOS cassava pulp before and after purification by the TLC method were X5 and X6, while the XOS components before and after purification by the densitometric method were X3, X4 and X5
Total Phenol and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract and Water Extract from Claw Uncariaa gambir Roxb
Get PDFUncaria gambier Roxb is a plant from the Rubiaceae family, belongs to the Bajakah group and has been used empirically in the treatment of various types of diseases in the community. Besides being one of the industrial plants and export commodities produced in Sumatra and Kalimantan, gambier leaves is also used frequently in Indonesia, both for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. As a result, market demand both nationally and internationally have increased. The aim of this research are determination of antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and aqueous extract of gambir claw using 1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and determination of total phenol using Calcetau folin reagent. Gambier plant samples were taken in the forest area around the Tanjungpura University campus, the claws were separated and dried at room temperature, then powdered and extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol pa and aquadest, then the extract was concentrated until it was ready to be tested for antioxidant activity and determination of total phenol. The total phenolic ethanol extract and aqueous extract of gambir claw were 224.66 mg GAE/g extract (GEA : Gallic Acid Eqivalent) and 299.08 mg GAE/g extract, respectively, while the antioxidant potential (IC50) was 39.566 μg/mL and 65.140 μg/mL, and the IC50 for comparison of Vitamin C was 7.02 μg/mL
Study of NTF-3 (Neurotrophic Factor 3) Gene Information in Columbidae by In Silico
Get PDFNeurotrophin Factor 3 (NTF3) is one of the genes that plays an important role in the regulation of the neural systems of vertebrate animals, this gene has a special function in explaining the survival factors of some vertebrate animals. Based on the information obtained from GenBank, the nucleotide sequence of the NTF-3 gene in several vertebrate animals has been known and some of the data obtained have not been studied further for research purposes in adding information related to the molecular character of the NTF-3 gene, such as the NTF-3 gene in Columbidae. Columbidae is a group of birds that have quite diverse species variations, the number of species in columbidae will be very helpful in obtaining data on comparisons of the genetic character of the NTF3 gene. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the information on the NTF-3 gene (Neurotrophic Factor 3) in Columbidae through the in silico approach with computational methods. The NTF3 gene nucleotide sequences in Columbidae showed a fairly high level of similarity to the base sequences. This illustrates the fairly close proximity between each species. Geotrygon Montana is a species of Columbidae which has variations of the Base sequence which is quite different from other species. Evaluation of the model structure shows good stability of each target protein, all evaluation results describe a good structure, meaning that the conformation of each target sequence is in accordance with the sequence, so that the structure that is built has high accuracy with the actual model. The results of this research study can be a special description in explaining the genetic characteristics of several Columbidae species for the purposes of conservation measures or efforts to preserve Columbidae species at the molecular and population genetic levels
Synthesis and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose-Polyaniline Composite with Variation of Dopant Concentration
Get PDFPolyaniline is a type of conductive polymer. Bacterial cellulose has high mechanical properties, so it can be made into polyaniline base composite materials. A stable form of polyaniline oxidation at room temperature is emeraldine base. The emeraldine base has a conductivity value of 10-6 S/cm. Dopants can change the shape of emeraldine base to emeraldine salt by protonation process. Emeraldine salt is a conductive form of polyaniline. The conductivity value of emeraldine salt is 0,03-0,07 S/cm. The addition of dopan in synthesis of polymer was carried out to determine its effect on the conductivity value. The disadvantage of polyaniline is that its mechanical properties are weak and easily brittle. Modifications are needed to improve the mechanical properties of polyaniline, one of which is the manufacture of composite. Bacterial celluloce has high mechanical properties so it can be made into polyaniline base composite materials. Synthesis of bacterial cellulose-polyaniline composites by in situ chemical polymerization methods. Syntehsis is started with BC membrane was dipped into aniline solution for about 2h with stirring at room temperature. The BC was immersed into ammonium peroxydisulfate solution for about 30m with stirring. The bacterial cellulose-polyaniline compositions obtained are black color which is characteristic of the emeraldine salt. The highest conductivity value of composite was obtained from the addition of 3,5M HCl dopant which was 4,70x10-4 S/cm. FTIR analysis of composite obtained peak of the characteristic polyanilin was conductive at 1565,92 cm-1 as C=C quinoid ring and 1442,95 cm-1 as C=C benzoid ring
Morphology and Economic Value of Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche)
Get PDFMacadamia has a scientific name Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche from the Proteaceae family. The Macadamia plant habitat is in highland areas with an altitude of 1000 masl with a temperature of ≤ 32˚C. Macadamia plants are perennials with tough stems, and the branching is visible (monopodial). The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics of Macadamia plants and their economic value. The research was conducted at PTPN XII Sempol Plantation, Bondowoso with descriptive-qualitative method. The results of morphological observations showed that macadamia fruit is a dry fruit, indehiscent (when ripe the skin/shell does not break), similar to the type of achene fruit but the shell is thick and hard. Woody stems (lignosus) with monopodial branching type, incomplete leaves consisting of stalks and leaf blades, leaf blades are oblong-elongated, incised independently, pinnate leaf bones, phyllotaxis opposite crosswise. Macadamia trees can produce round fruit of about 20-70 kg per year with a monthly profit of Rp. 8,905,500. The economic potential of the Macadamia plant is very promising, as evidenced by the ongoing import of peeled macadamia with a volume of 6,862 kilograms worth US$ 145,100 (approximately Rp 1.9 billion) or Rp 291,405.29 per kilogram
Prevalence of Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) Taste Sensitivity and Colour Blindness in Tengger Tribe Population, Ranupani Village, Senduro, Lumajang
Get PDFThe taste of sensitivity of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), is autosomal dominant trait inherited while the colour blindness is a sex linked genetic trait on the X chromosome. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of taster and non taster phenotypes, prevalence of color blindness, frequency of taster and non taster alleles, and frequency of color blind alleles, as well as pedigree analysis in non taster and color blind families. The research was conducted on the Tengger tribe, in Ranupani village, Senduro, Lumajang. Determination of the sample is carryout randomly. Detection of the ability to taste PTC was respondents to taste the PTC solution from the lowest concentration of 0.32mg/L (P13) to the highest concentration of 1300 mg/L (P1). Color blindness detection by the Ishihara method. The results of the study showed that the distribution of the taster was 98.1% while the non-taster was 1.9%. The allele frequency of the dominant taster (T) was 0.86 and the recessive allele non taster (t) is 0.14. The prevalence of color blindness in the population of the Tengger tribe was 0.63% and the allele frequency for color blindness was 0.013. The pedigree analysis of non taster family showed that non taster individuals were born from taster couple (Tt) or from couple of non taster (tt) with tasters (Tt) heterozigot. While the pattern of inheritance of color blindness was criss-cross inheritance pattern, which is passed from mother to son