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FMCW Radar Phase-Processing for Automotive Application
Get PDFAn unmanned high-speed vehicle requires a high resolution control unit to decide whether the vehicle should break or steer. This paper describes the utilization of a Frequency Modulated Continous Wave (FMCW) radar to detect the distance and angular position of the target relative to the moving vehicle. These informations are calculated from some numbers of data obtained from a radar system that is mounted on the moving vehicle. To obtain a high angular resolution, a phase-processing approach is introduced by extracting the constant phase information from the radar FMCW beat signal. It is found that a very high angular resolution can be obtained by processing the phase information, independent from the change of relative velocity between the radar and the target. However, this method requires a very stable radar system with high phase resolution and accuracy
Interior Batik Gallery Using Normal Mapping For Virtual Reality
Get PDFWe present an 3D Modelling object for batik Gallery in virtual reality with textured material photo, Lighting effect and primitive mess with Normal Mapping Metthod. Normal Mapping is one of many method to give depht Impression texture and detail for object without many polycount, so we can get efficiency of the computer work without loss of detail desired. in this research we try to explain several techniques in making batik Gallery design textures with modeling 3D, The methods include stage Normal Mapping, Environment maps, bump maps, and shadow maps. The next proscess we can use Directional Light and Point Light for each object to get the impression of depth and real dimension for each texture. The result of this research is to improve the modern batik consept and patterns with immersive 3D Room in Virtual realit
Maximum Crack Width Prediction in Deck Slab Concrete Structure
Get PDFInspection of crack width prediction procedures proposed by various researchers indicates that each formula contains a different set of variables. A literature review also suggests that there is no general agreement among various researchers on the relative significance of different variables affecting the crack width, despite the large number of experimental work carried out during the past few decades. An analytical method is developed to determine the concrete stress distribution near flexural cracks in reinforced concrete one-way slabs and used to investigate the effects of various variables on the spacing and width of cracks. The formula is developed using a large number of curvature values calculated from the concrete and steel strains at various sections between adjacent cracks for a number of composite precast deck slabs. The present method of incorporating the tension stiffening effect is verified by comparing calculated fracture mechanic and those measured by other investigators. The curvature values at sections between adjacent cracks are calculated using an empirical formula. Development of this formula is based on the curvature values calculated using the concrete and steel strains at various sections between successive cracks, for a number of composite precast deck slabs. Using the curvature values evaluated by the proposed formula, short-term deflections were determined for a large number of flexural members and the results were compared with those measured by other investigators. This comparison indicated that the present method of incorporating the tension stiffening effect in fracture mechanic calculations is acceptable.
Aquaculture Water Quality Prediction using Smooth SVM
Get PDFAquaculture, aqua farming, is the farming of aquatic organism such as fish, crustaceans, mollusk and aquatic plan. There are many factors that influence the production of aquaculture such as food stocks, protection from other predators, and water quality custody. In modern intensive river aquaculture management, water quality prediction plays an important role. The water quality indicator series are nonlinear and non-stationer. Hence, the accuracy of the commonly used conventional methods, including regression analyses and neural networks, were limited. A prediction model based on Smooth Support Vector Machine (SSVM) is proposed in this research to predict the aquaculture water quality. SSVM is an algorithm that is used for solving no linear function estimation problems. The data used in this research are data of river in Surabaya collected for two years. The data have twenty variables that indicate water quality such as temperature, turbidity, color, SS, pH, alkalinity, free CO2, DO, Nitrite, Ammonia, Copper, phosphate, sulfide, iron, Hexavalent Chromium, Manganese, Zinc, Lead, COD, and Detergents. From 520 instance data, we used 5-fold for the experiment. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the experiment is 0.0275. This value shows that SSVM proven to be an effective approach to predict aquaculture water quality
Optimization of Reaction Conditions for Synthesis of MOF-5 using Solvothermal Method
Get PDFMOF-5 (metal-organic frameworks-5) have been synthesized using solvotermal method in which reaction mixtures of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and benzenedicarboxylic acid in dimethylformamide were heated at various heating temperatures and times in order to obtain the best reaction conditions for the synthesis of MOF-5. The heating temperatures used were 105, 120 and 140 °C, respectively with heating times of 12-144 hours. Determination of the best reaction conditions was based on the observation of phase purity and crystal morphology of MOF-5 using XRD and SEM. The characterization results showed that optimization of MOF-5 crystals were obtained when the reaction mixtures were heated at 105 °C for 144 h, 120 °C for 24 h and 140 °C for 12 h. The maximum weight of MOF-5 crystal was generated from reaction mixture heated at 120 °C for 72 h
The Use of Matrix Heat Pipe as Photovoltaic Cooler
Get PDFThe high surface temperature can decrease the efficiency of solar cells. This research aim is to decrease the temperature of the solar cell using the matrix heat pipe as a heat conductor. The study began by constructing a matrix of heat pipes. ¼ inch diameter copper tubing (6.3 mm) pressed until it reaches a thickness of 4.2 mm. Heat pipe using 10 mesh wire screen and water as the working fluid as about 20% of the volume of the pipe. Twenty-five heat pipes arranged matrix configuration. The pipes were vacuumed to pressure 0.0799 bar. Flat heat pipe were placed below the surface of the solar cell. Phase change liquid-gas of work fluid on the heat pipe occurs at saturated temperature of 42ºC. This heat pipe reduces surface temperature of solar cell as 8ºC and increase efficiency of solar cell as 1.6%
Experimental Characterization of A Load Sensor Based on Singlemode – Multimode – Singlemode (SMS) Fiber Structure with A Variation of The Number of Bends
Get PDFA load sensor based on singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure is presented in this paper. An SMS fiber structure with core diameter of 50 µm and length of 30 cm of the multimode fiber (MMF) section was chosen as a sensor. The measurement principle of the sensor is based on change of SMS fiber structure power response due to the applied load. A fiber bending and load transmitting (FBLT) device is designed to appropiately bend the SMS fiber structure under applied load in order to make the SMS fiber structure work as a load sensor. The applied load can bend the SMS fiber structure and hence affect the multimode interference (MMI) pattern that occured in SMS fiber structure. The number of bends that occured on SMS fiber structure is determined by the pin number of FBLT device. Five variations of pin number at 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 pins were chosen. The applied load was varied at 0 – 100 kg. From the experiments, it is found that the relative outpout power response of the sensor gave a specific MMI pattern for each pin number variation. The configuration of 3 pins on FBLT device has the best response as a load sensor with the sensitivity at 1.32 μW/kg and R2 at 0.9783 with the longest measurement range from 1.82 – 91.32 kg
Further Investigation on Building and Benchmarking A Low Power Embedded Cluster for Education
Get PDFEmbedded parallel computing become popular, and the future of innovation in the semiconductor industry will be in ubiquitous computing. Many researchers built embedded cluster system with limited number of devices, but we utilize the device from embedded classroom to build more number of parallel computing unit. In this paper we built low power cluster consisting 32 ARM boards with low-cost customized power supply for high performance computing class for education purpose, tested with several benchmarks on embedded cluster system and analyse the raw performance
Power Management of A Microgrid with A Distributed Energy Storage in Grid Connected and Islanded Modes
Get PDFControl and operation of a microgrid can be operated at grid connected or islanded modes. In this paper, the microgrid consists of a Diesel, PV modules with a distributed energy storage system, loads, and inverter. The purpose of power management is to control the stability of the system to cope with changes in load and interconnection with other networks. The stability of the microgrid is also obtained by setting the load connected to the system. Power management is also controls the operation of each plant based on the condition of the energy sources used as a source of generation. In islanded mode, the main goal of power management is to stabilize the system, in terms of frequency and voltage. In grid connected mode, typical objectives are to minimize the price of energy import at the point of common coupling (PCC)
An Efficient Method for the Production of Biodiesel from Rice Bran
Get PDFA modified in situ esterification was employed for the economic competitiveness of biodiesel production from rice bran. The effects of methanol to rice bran ratio, acid catalysts, and reaction time on the biodiesel yield and purity were investigated. Biodiesel yield and purity of 17.99% and 67.04%, respectively, were obtained used acid catalyst (H2SO4) of 2.37%, ratio of methanol and rice bran of 15 (mL/g), and 5 h of reaction time. Recovery of crude biodiesel obtained was 92.45%. Based on the proposed method, the production process of biodiesel could be simplified and improved; therefore, the production cost probably could be reduced further