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Institucionalização e coletivização dos sujeitos no texto didático de História e possíveis implicações na aprendizagem histórica
No full textThis article analyses how historical subjects are represented in a history textbook approved by PNLD/2020, highlighting the possible effects of these representations on the process of historical understanding among primary school students. Based on the theoretical framework composed of authors such as Rüsen (2010, 2012), Bernstein (1996) and Orlandi (2011),we discussed how discursive strategies of institutionalisation, collectivisation contribute to the production of abstract and poorly contextualised narratives. It was argued that the strong classification between subjects and context generates a narrative that makes it difficult to understand historical processes as human, intentional and situated constructions. It was concluded that the discursive configuration identified in the text requires teachers to provide careful, critical, and contextualized mediation, capable of explaining relationships and meanings that remain implicit. In addition, it is necessary to use different complementary materials in order to broaden perspectives, diversify sources, and promote the construction of more meaningful historical learning.Este artigo analisa o modo como sujeitos históricos são representados em um texto didático de história aprovado pelo PNLD/2020, destacando os possíveis efeitos dessas representações no processo de compreensão histórica de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. A partir do referencial teórico composto por autores como Rüsen (2010, 2012), Bernstein (1996) e Orlandi (2011), discute-se como estratégias discursivas de institucionalização e coletivização dos sujeitos contribuem para a produção de narrativas abstratas e pouco contextualizadas. Argumentou-se que a forte classificação entre sujeitos e contexto gera uma narrativa que dificulta a apreensão dos processos históricos como construções humanas, intencionais e situadas. Concluiu-se que a configuração discursiva identificada no texto exige do professor uma mediação criteriosa, crítica e contextualizada, capaz de explicitar relações e sentidos que permanecem implícitos. Além disso, torna-se necessária a utilização de diferentes materiais complementares, de modo a ampliar perspectivas, diversificar fontes e favorecer a construção de uma aprendizagem histórica mais significativa
Four Reflections for the Didactics of History
No full textThis paper offers four reflections on the state of history didactics. First, effective didactic research requires genuine teaching experience: without immersion in school life, didacticians risk producing knowledge detached from classroom realities. Second, solid disciplinary training is essential; history educators must master both historical content and the methods by which historical knowledge is produced, so they can foster students’ capacity to think historically. Third, the profession must resist pedagogical fashions and prescriptive curricula imposed by educational administrations, which often undermine teachers’ autonomy and hinder meaningful innovation. Finally, historical teaching must incorporate contemporary cultural and technological transformations, using inquiry-based approaches that turn the classroom into a space for collective investigation rather than passive reception. These reflections aim to reorient history education toward practical relevance, disciplinary rigor, professional autonomy, and innovation grounded in the realities of today’s learners and society
I minori stranieri non accompagnati: inquadramento normativo
No full textThe study outlines the legal framework for protecting the rights of unaccompanied foreign minors (UFM), considering international and EU principles. It explores specific legal instruments highlighted by law 47/2017 that, in compliance with the principle of the child’s best interest, aim to ensure effective reception and, ultimately, social inclusion. However, when these innovative provisions aren’t effectively put into practice, the centers housing minors become inadequate. The reception system’s breakdown is further exacerbated by emergency decrees that halt fundamental protections. This is driven by ideologies that view migration as a dangerous issue to be repressed, instead of a valuable resource.Il contributo ricostruisce la normativa a tutela dei diritti dei minori stranieri non accompagnati (MSNA), nel quadro dei principi internazionali e Unionali. Si approfondiscono alcuni istituti giuridici valorizzati dalla l. 17/2017 che, in ossequio al principio del superiore interesse del minore, vogliono garantire un’effettiva accoglienza che porti a inserimento nella società. L’inefficace attuazione delle innovative previsioni determina l’inadeguatezza dei centri in cui i minori sono ospitati. Il fallimento del sistema di accoglienza è ulteriormente compromesso dalla decretazione di emergenza che sospende le tutele fondamentali, sotto la spinta di orientamenti che vedono nelle migrazioni fenomeni di pericolosità da reprimere e non risorse da valorizzare
Minori non accompagnati in Inghilterra e nel Regno Unito
No full textUnaccompanied Asylum-Seeking children in England and the UK are known as UASC and are children who have fled from unstable and dangerous environments. They have endured perilous journeys to the UK, and a high number of these children suffer from physical and mental health issues. They face many barriers to settlement and integration into society in the UK. This article is contextualised within the framework of the rights of the child and the rights of the unaccompanied child and explores a number of key themes: the reasons why children flee and the journey to the UK, arrival procedures, initial assessment and health checks, education of the unaccompanied children, the importance of religion and religious identity and unaccompanied children who become missing children. This last theme is a matter of great concern as these children are very vulnerable and are often victims of exploitation, re-trafficking and child slavery. I minori non accompagnati richiedenti asilo in Inghilterra e nel Regno Unito sono noti come UASC e sono minori fuggiti da ambienti instabili e pericolosi. Hanno affrontato viaggi pericolosi verso il Regno Unito e un numero elevato di questi bambini soffre di problemi di salute fisica e mentale. Incontrano numerosi ostacoli all’insediamento e all’integrazione nella società britannica. Questo articolo è contestualizzato nel quadro dei diritti dell’infanzia e dei diritti dei minori non accompagnati ed esplora una serie di temi chiave: le ragioni per cui i minori fuggono e il viaggio verso il Regno Unito, le procedure di arrivo, la valutazione iniziale e i controlli sanitari, l’istruzione dei minori non accompagnati, l’importanza della religione e dell’identità religiosa e i minori non accompagnati che diventano minori scomparsi. Quest’ultimo tema è motivo di grande preoccupazione poiché questi bambini sono molto vulnerabili e sono spesso vittime di sfruttamento, ri-tratta e schiavitù infantile
Luca Montagner, «Metter in proporzione l'enciclopedia dei talenti con quella dei libri». La storia della Braidense ai tempi di Napoleone, Udine, Forum, 2023
No full textIl borghese, il novel e una metafora. Il campo metonimico del ‘flusso’ nella letteratura di fine ’700
No full textThe aim of this article is to conduct a survey concerning the cultural use of the concept and image of flux at the dawn of capitalist modernity. Although this work is certainly indebted to Hans Blumenberg’s reflections on the metaphor’s catalytic power for the conceptual universe, my intention is also to treat the metaphorical concretion as an indicator of a metonymic field. The concept and image of flux and fluidity are seen as the most conspicuous element in a series of cultural operations that, from the mid-18th century, pervade cultural reflection with images pertaining to the sphere of liquidity, becoming, and protean forms. The metaphor is thus explored when referred to a precise conceptual order linked to the collapse of certainties (solidity) of an epistemological, social, or aesthetic nature. Although the metaphor in question tends to permeate all types of intellectual reflection (economic, sociological, philosophical, etc.), in this article, while acknowledging some references to extra-literary debates, I will focus mainly on the metaphor in relation to the development of the novel.L’intento di questo articolo è operare una ricognizione concernente l’uso culturale del concetto e dell’immagine del flusso al principio della modernità capitalista. Benché questo lavoro sia certo in debito con le riflessioni di Hans Blumenberg sulla capacità catalizzatrice delle metafore per l’universo concettuale, è mia intenzione trattare la concrezione metaforica anche come segnalatrice di un campo metonimico. Concetto e immagine del flusso e della fluidità sono visti cioè come l’elemento più vistoso di una serie di operazioni culturali che, dalla metà del ’700, invadono la riflessione culturale con immagini afferenti alla sfera della liquidità, del divenire, della proteiformità. La metafora è dunque stata indagata quando riferita a un preciso ordine concettuale afferente al crollo delle certezze (delle solidità) di tipo epistemologico, sociale, estetico. Benché la metafora in questione tenda a invadere ogni tipo di riflessione intellettuale (economica, sociologica, filosofica, ecc.), in questo articolo, pur segnalando alcuni riferimenti ai dibattiti extra-letterari, mi concentrerò soprattutto sulla metafora in relazione allo sviluppo del novel
Cercare oltre i confini: il mandala di Antonio Tabucchi
No full textPer Isabel is Antonio Tabucchi’s posthumous novel, published in 2013, but written in the same period as the ‘portuguese trilogy’ (1991-1997). Its delayed publication is likely related to the subtitle, Un mandala. This article retraces the links between Per Isabel and Tabucchi’s other novels, with which it shares themes settings and characters, in order to shed light on why the author regarded at it as his ultimate novel. The discussion also draws on manuscript materials preserved in the Tabucchi fund at the BnF.Per Isabel è il romanzo postumo di Antonio Tabucchi, edito nel 2013, ma in realtà coevo alla ‘trilogia portoghese’ (1991-1997). La mancata pubblicazione si lega probabilmente al sottotitolo, Un mandala. L’articolo ripercorre le tracce che collegano Per Isabel agli altri romanzi di Tabucchi, con cui condivide temi, luoghi e personaggi, per comprendere le ragioni che lo hanno reso, agli occhi del suo autore, il romanzo ultimo. A tal fine, si prenderanno in esame anche alcune delle carte manoscritte custodite presso il Fondo Tabucchi della BnF
A Conversation with Zhang Huijun: How Poetry and Sisterhood Resemantize and Dismantle Gender Stereotypes
No full textPerformance of Genders: Marking Masculine/Feminine Identities through Body and Calligraphy
No full textIn performance art, the body becomes a means of orientation and placement and a medium of social experience. Being a combination of 4 elements (time, space, artist’s body and the relationship between artist and public audience), the “body in act” reclaims one’s subjectivity through signifying gestures against cultural homologation, reactivating the alienating pragmatism of everyday life. Calligraphy, like performance art, focuses on physical execution, which is the materialization of the physical power of the artist and on the dynamics of momentum. The focus is on the artist’s action with the involvement of the artist’s body in a processual and spontaneous (but not unplanned) manner, and the act of writing is a mode to reaffirm the subjectivity of the calligrapher. Because of all these similarities between performance art and calligraphy, several contemporary Chinese artists are trying to interconnect these two forms of art into innovative artistic practices. Among them, we selected four artists (Sun Ping, Zhang Qiang, Echo Morgan, and Wu Xixia) that use calligraphy in performative actions in order to convey new conceptions related to gender (and) identity. Through the analysis of their most important works, this paper aims to explain how the use of calligraphy within the performative act reveals three significant socio-cultural themes: 1) the use of the body: the body is an active agent that expresses the self through the act of writing and related movements; 2) the question of gender: calligraphy is used in the sense of gender as a symbol of masculine power over women (i.e., Sun Ping and Zhang Qiang) or as a symbol of the feminine (i.e., Echo Morgan and Wu Xixia); 3) the definition of identity: calligraphy is related to the question of identity as a symbol of Chinese tradition and culture and able to implement a contemporary reflection on gender identity
Intelligenza artificiale e cibersicurezza: profili informatico-giuridici, fra vulnerabilità delle macchine e delle persone
No full textThis paper addresses the principal cybersecurity issues affecting Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems from a legal-informatics perspective. After a concise regulatory overview — which also introduces fundamental concepts of information security — it first examines the main threats currently facing both computer systems and AI systems, noting that the latter are, in essence, computer systems themselves. It then explores the vulnerability of both artificial and human agents in the Algorithmic Society, outlining key criticalities and potential future developments.Il contributo discute le principali questioni di ciberiscurezza dei sistemi di Intelligenza Artificiale (IA) in una prospettiva informatico-giuridica. Premesso un succinto inquadramento normativo anche su concetti basilari della sicurezza informatica, vengono dapprima analizzate le principali minacce che incombono attualmente sui sistemi informatici e di IA, tenendo conto che quest’ultimi sono anche sistemi informatici. Viene poi discussa la vulnerabilità degli agenti artificiali e umani nella Società algoritmica, delineandone criticità e possibili evoluzioni