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Art and Science: a much debated topic
No full textWithin the context of art, science and the holistic value of artwork are two different ways of reading reality in the field of the protection and enhancement of cultural and environmental heritage. Reading reality is synonymous with the work of historians, which involves knowing, interpreting and evaluating works of art through a subjective evaluation and, of technicians, through an objective evaluation. By combining their respective competences and, consequently, forming an interdisciplinary relationship through a need that must reflect humility and a mutual need of each other (a neces-sary prerogative), they will, together, arrive at a scientific truth. These aspects are equally important in the formation and training of professional figures relating to the study and research of the system: artifact of historical-artistic interest-conservation environment-biota. The above is closely linked to the subject of attribution and au-thentication of artwork and to the different intermediate categories that authentic and reproduced works can be classified under. In the latter, which are the results of digital technologies, starting from authentic works, it is evident that ethical and aesthetic is-sues arise in relation to differences between authentic and reproduced works. In con-clusion, as an emblematic historical-technical example of the relationship between art and science, mention is made of the Journal "Conservation Science in Cultural Herit-age”.Within the context of art, science and the holistic value of artwork are two different ways of reading reality in the field of the protection and enhancement of cultural and environmental heritage. Reading reality is synonymous with the work of historians, which involves knowing, interpreting and evaluating works of art through a subjective evaluation and, of technicians, through an objective evaluation. By combining their respective competences and, consequently, forming an interdisciplinary relationship through a need that must reflect humility and a mutual need of each other (a neces-sary prerogative), they will, together, arrive at a scientific truth. These aspects are equally important in the formation and training of professional figures relating to the study and research of the system: artifact of historical-artistic interest-conservation environment-biota. The above is closely linked to the subject of attribution and au-thentication of artwork and to the different intermediate categories that authentic and reproduced works can be classified under. In the latter, which are the results of digital technologies, starting from authentic works, it is evident that ethical and aesthetic is-sues arise in relation to differences between authentic and reproduced works. In con-clusion, as an emblematic historical-technical example of the relationship between art and science, mention is made of the Journal "Conservation Science in Cultural Herit-age”
Culture is one, “cultural” is plural. Variances in cultural heritage sectors, knowledge and values
No full textThe scientific value of Armenian written manuscripts
No full textLanguage plays an important role in the development of any state because it evolves in direct contact with people's thinking, history, culture, and worldview. When studying the works of foreign and domestic scientists and classifying the Middle Ages heritage by linguistic features, it can clearly be seen that Turkic written manuscripts in different periods were written in different alphabets, such as runic, Uyghur, Manichaean, Brahma, Arabic, Latin, Armenian, Chagatai, and Cyrillic. Based on the use of Armenian graphics, it has also been established that in the Middle Ages, the heritage of Turkic peoples, including the Qypchaks, was written in a variety of genres and has survived to this day in written manuscripts. The study of Armenian writing in the Qypchak language is especially important in today's Kazakhstani social life.We seek the origins of the Kazakh language and nation in the Qypchak community which emerged in the ancient Turkic period and flourished in the Middle Turkic period. Historical and linguistic works written about the history, language, and culture of the Qypchak community, which ruled the territory from Central Europe to Northern China in the Middle Ages, have demonstrated that the study of the Qypchak people who lived in the Middle Ages is still relevant in modern science. This field studies the history, language, ethnography, culture, and other aspects of the steppe nomadic civilization. Moreover, it aims to thoroughly investigate its aspects, compare the origins and roots of ethnic groups of Qypchak descent to their current condition, and demonstrate traces of historical continuity.The German scientist Adalbert Merx’s work «Türkische Sprichwörter» (Turkish proverbs) written in 1893 and stored in the Bayerische Staats Bibliothek Muenchen library is taken as the object of research. Moreover, the proverbs in the manuscript language are read directly from the Armenian script; the relevance and scientific value of the topic is reported in the given article
Arte e Scienza: un argomento molto dibattuto
No full textNell'ambito del valore olistico dell'opera d'arte, dell'arte e della scienza esistono due diversi modi di leggere la realtà nel campo della tutela e della valorizzazione dei beni culturali e ambientali.Leggere la realtà è sinonimo di lavoro degli storici, che implica la conoscenza, l'interpretazione e la valutazione delle opere d'arte attraverso una valutazione soggettiva e, dei tecnici, attraverso una valuta-zione oggettiva. Unendo le rispettive competenze e, di conseguenza, formando un rapporto interdisciplinare attraverso un'esigenza che deve riflettere l'umiltà e un reciproco bisogno dell'altro (prerogativa necessaria), essi arriveranno, insieme, a una verità scientifica. Questi aspetti sono altrettanto importanti nel-la formazione delle figure professionali relative allo studio e alla ricerca del sistema: manufatto di interesse storico-artistico-conservazione-ambiente-biota.Quanto sopra è strettamente legato al tema dell'attribuzione e dell'autenticazione delle opere d'arte e alle diverse categorie intermedie in cui possono essere classificate le opere autentiche e riprodotte. In queste ultime, che sono frutto delle tecnologie digitali, a partire dalle opere autentiche, è evidente che le questioni estetiche ed etiche sorgono in relazione alle differenze tra opere autentiche e riprodotte.In conclusione, come emblematico esempio storico-tecnico del rapporto tra arte e scienza, si cita il Joumal "Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage”
Teresa Mattei. L'impegno per l'infanzia e l'educazione attraverso la comunicazione
No full textTeresa Mattei, a prominent figure in the Italian historical and political landscape of the 20th century, is best known for her involvement in the Resistance as a partisan and her subsequent political activity, first in the Constituent Assembly and then in Parliament. Her life and thought represent an example of determination, engagement for justice and equal rights, and are intertwined with the broader history of Italy. Teresa Mattei was also actively committed to children’s rights and in the field of education. From the 1960s, she was the promoter and animator of the project ‘Il cinema fatto dai bambini’ (‘Cinema made by children’) of the Monte Olimpino cooperative, a unique experience in Italy that combines pedagogy and cinema, offering children the opportunity to express themselves freely through the medium of film. Mattei later founded the League for Children’s Right to Communication and developed some projects dedicated to children and their relationship with communication.Teresa Mattei, figura di grande rilievo nel panorama storico e politico italiano del Novecento, è conosciuta principalmente per il suo impegno nella Resistenza come partigiana e la sua successiva attività politica, prima all’Assemblea Costituente e poi in Parlamento. La sua vita e il suo pensiero rappresentano un esempio di determinazione, lotta per la giustizia e la parità di diritti, e si intrecciano con la più ampia storia dell’Italia. Teresa Mattei è stata anche attivamente impegnata per i diritti dell’infanzia e in ambito pedagogico. A partire dagli anni Sessanta è promotrice e animatrice del progetto ‘Il cinema fatto dai bambini’ della cooperativa Monte Olimpino, una esperienza unica in Italia che unisce pedagogia e cinema, offrendo l’opportunità ai bambini di esprimersi liberamente attraverso il mezzo cinematografico. In seguito Mattei fonda la Lega per il diritto dei bambini alla comunicazione e sviluppa alcuni progetti dedicati ai bambini e al loro rapporto con la comunicazione
Un libro all’inverso: Caranguejo di Ruben A.
No full textThis article aims to analyse Ruben A.'s first novel, Caranguejo (1954), focusing on the narrative structure of the "shrimp", both in terms of form and content. The narrator, in a regressive movement from the tenth chapter to the first, tells the story and the life of Ele and Ela, an apathetic bourgeois couple, victims of social hypocrisy, until their conception. Through this analysis, we will see how the narrative structure, by denying time, space and the identity of the characters, allegorically represents the Portuguese reality under the dictatorship.Il presente contributo intende analizzare il primo romanzo di Ruben A., Caranguejo (1954), focalizzando l’attenzione sulla struttura narrativa “a gambero”, sia a livello formale sia contenutistico. Il narratore, in un movimento regressivo dal decimo al primo capitolo, racconta la storia e la vita di Ele ed Ela, una coppia borghese apatica e vittima dell’ipocrisia sociale, sino a giungere al concepimento dei due. Attraverso questa analisi, vedremo come la struttura narrativa, negando il tempo, lo spazio e l’identità dei personaggi, rappresenti allegoricamente la realtà portoghese sotto dittatura
Il dibattito fabiano e le fonti di The Rise of Meritocracy di Michael Young
No full textThe essay aims to reconstruct the theoretical-political premises of The Rise of Meritocracy (1958) by Michael Young and his criticism of Labour dirigism and the English school system of the time. The influence of the ethical socialism of Richard Henry Tawney, the mutualism of George Douglas Howard Cole and the anti-classism of William Morris will be shown, as well as the critical targets, that is, Fabian authors such as George Bernard Shaw, the Webb couple and Herbert George Wells. The essay concludes by highlighting the intellectual political relationship between Young and Anthony Crosland, author, in 1956, of The Future of Socialism.Il saggio cerca di ricostruire le premesse teorico-politiche di The Rise of Meritocracy (1958) di Michael Young e della sua critica al dirigismo laburista e al sistema scolastico inglese dell’epoca. Verrà sottolineata, dunque, l’influenza del socialismo etico di Richard Henry Tawney, del mutualismo di George Douglas Howard Cole e dell’anticlassismo di William Morris, così come saranno messi in luce gli obiettivi critici: e cioè gli autori fabiani come George Bernard Shaw, i coniugi Webb e Herbert George Wells. Il saggio si conclude evidenziando il rapporto politico-intellettuale fra Young e Anthony Crossland, autore, nel 1956, di The Future of Socialism
Il caso di BiGraFo: una riflessione intorno alle ontologie bibliografiche
No full textThis paper presents the outcomes of the BiGraFo project, launched in September 2023 at the University of Siena with the aim of creating a semantic catalogue dedicated to the works of Franco Fortini. The catalogue is currently published on a platform developed using Omeka-S. The paper focuses particularly on the methodological, heuristic, and applied dimensions of the modeling process, situating the project within a broader reflection on ontologies for managing bibliographic and archival data. At the same time, the specificities of Fortini’s case are highlighted: his extensive literary and critical production, republished multiple times in different editorial contexts, posed a significant challenge in representing his oeuvre.Il contributo presenta i risultati del progetto BiGraFo, avviato nel settembre 2023 all’Università di Siena con l’obiettivo di realizzare un catalogo semantico dedicato all’opera di Franco Fortini, attualmente pubblicato su una piattaforma realizzata con Omeka-S. Ci si concentra in particolare sugli aspetti metodologici, euristici e applicativi inerenti all’attività di modellizzazione, inquadrando il progetto all’interno di una riflessione più ampia sulle ontologie per la gestione dei dati bibliografici e archivistici. Vengono, al tempo stesso, evidenziate le peculiarità del caso fortiniano: l’ingente produzione letteraria e critica e il continuo rimaneggiamento dei testi, riproposti a più riprese in sedi editoriali differenti, hanno rappresentato una sfida rilevante per la rappresentazione della sua opera
Accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in agricultural soil irrigated with treated wastewater and their relationship with selected soil fertility variables
No full textThe use of treated wastewater (TWW) has been widely accepted globally, offering significant benefits including alleviating water scarcity. However, TWW is also a potential source of pathogens whose fate and link to soil fertility variables are not well established. Thus, this study focused on establishing the level of bacterial pathogens accumulated and their relationship with soil fertility in agricultural soil irrigated with TWW and tap water (TP). Selected groups of pathogenic bacteria (E.coli, enteric bacteria, Staphylococcus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were isolated from the irrigation treatments and soil samples. In addition, soil fertility variables (electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrate (NO3), phosphorus (P), potentially mineralisable nitrogen (PMN), and pH) were analysed from the soil samples. The results revealed that using TWW for irrigation leads to a highly significant accumulation of the selected pathogens. But diluting TWW with TP reduced the accumulation of all the selected bacterial pathogens. In addition to the accumulation of pathogens, the use of TWW leads to an increase in P, EC, SOC, NO3 and pH. However, the accumulation of the selected pathogens corresponded with the decrease in N, PMN and SOC
Lavoratori “senza tempo”? Rischi, bisogni di protezione, opportunità
No full textThe paper outlines the framework of a research project on “timeless” work. This concept refers to work arrangements in which the duration or temporal allocation of job performance is either not predetermined or is left to the worker’s discretion. The purpose of the research is to highlight how time may continue to constitute a significant variable, worthy of thorough examination, even in contexts where workers exercise substantial autonomy over the duration of their job performance. This relevance emerges not only in connection with the protection of workers’ health, but also in relation to work organisation and the determination of appropriate compensation.Este artículo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación sobre el trabajo «atemporal». Se refiere a las modalidades de trabajo en las que la duración o la asignación temporal del rendimiento laboral no están predeterminadas, sino que se dejan a la discreción del trabajador. El objetivo de la investigación es destacar cómo el tiempo sigue siendo una variable significativa que requiere un análisis minucioso, incluso en contextos en los que los trabajadores tienen una gran autonomía sobre la duración de su trabajo. Esta relevancia no solo surge en relación con la protección de la salud de los trabajadores, sino también con la organización del trabajo y la determinación de una compensación adecuada.Il contributo si inserisce entro il quadro di un progetto di ricerca sul lavoro “senza tempo”. Questo concetto si riferisce a modalità di lavoro in cui la durata o l'allocazione temporale della prestazione lavorativa o non è predeterminata, oppure è lasciata alla discrezione del lavoratore. Lo scopo della ricerca è quello di evidenziare come il tempo continui a costituire una variabile significativa, degna di essere esaminata a fondo, anche in contesti in cui i lavoratori gestiscono con sostanziale autonomia la durata della loro prestazione lavorativa. La perdurante rilevanza del tempo emerge non solo in relazione alla tutela della salute dei lavoratori, ma anche in relazione all'organizzazione del lavoro e alla determinazione della retribuzione adeguata